CN103088692B - Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method from lignocellulose-like biomass - Google Patents
Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method from lignocellulose-like biomass Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method from lignocellulose-like biomass, belong to chemical industry and extract field, comprise the following steps: the preliminary treatment of a, lignocellulose-like biomass, the dissolving of b, lignocellulose and the degraded of living beings, c, Extraction and separation.The extraction rate reached of lignin of the present invention is to more than 90 percent; More than 80 percent is also reached to the rate of recovery of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium villaumite ([Bmim] Cl), the recycle of ionic liquid can be reached, reduce production cost, by the control of reaction condition, extraction and isolation lignin and cellulose while of from lignocellulose-like biomass, obviously reduce in energy consumption, be applicable to industrialized production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to chemical field extraction and separation technology, particularly relate to Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method from lignocellulose-like biomass.
Background technology
Lignin (1ignin) is the main component forming plant skeleton lignocellulose with cellulose (cellulose) and hemicellulose (hemicellulose).According to estimates, the lignin that the annual whole world is generated by plant reaches 1,500 hundred million tons, huge, renewable, the biodegradable natural polymer of the output of lignin, due to its complex structure, physico-chemical property heterogeneity, separation and Extraction difficulty and easy condensation etc., not yet obtain fully effective utilization so far.Lignin is that occurring in nature content is only second to the cellulosic second abundant renewable resource, and reproduction speed is fast, is the abundantest natural aromatic polymer.
The research that lignin utilizes has carried out a century, although there is small-scale utilization at present, but with it exist compared with quantity, still do not find large-scale industrial application satisfied economically, from considerations such as resource and environments, lignin component and the cellulosic technology of separate dissolved is extracted from the plants such as living beings, be still valued especially field, because realize the target that lignin degradation is large-scale commercial low molecule chemicals, economy, environmental protection, feasible lignin separation approach must be explored.Complex structure, the physicochemical properties heterogeneity of lignin, be easier to again be oxidized simultaneously, and when the effect by acid, alkali, heat, change in various degree all can occur lignin structure, and even when mechanical treatment, lignin script structure also can change.So lignin original structure may be destroyed the problems such as lignin oxidation, condensation and degraded even occur in Extraction and separation process, under attempting to seek a kind of temperate condition, the new way of dissolving and separating lignin and new method, thus realize the abundant comprehensive utilization of renewable waste resource and the suitability for industrialized production of extraction and isolation lignin such as the living beings of lignocellulose, realize the higher value application of lignin.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of mild condition, and technique is simple, and recovery rate is high, can from lignocellulose-like biomass Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method from lignocellulose-like biomass, comprises the following steps:
The preliminary treatment of a, lignocellulose-like biomass: pulverized by lignocellulose-like biomass, crosses after 180 mesh sieves, puts dry 60-120 minute in 80-110 DEG C of baking oven, and then to obtain lignocellulose-like biomass particle for subsequent use in expanding treatment;
The dissolving of b, lignocellulose and the degraded of living beings: take the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium villaumite of 15-50g in the flask of 50-500 mL, be placed in 95-105 DEG C of oil bath pan heating to dissolve, stir ionic liquid and add 2.5-20 g lignocellulose-like biomass particle to it, sealed flask, temperature controls at 90-110 DEG C, continuous agitating heating 2-3h, obtains thick thing;
In thick thing obtained above, drip the watery hydrochloric acid of 5-10% while stirring, adjust ph is 4.5-4.8, continues to add thermal agitation 5-7h, obtains reacting slurry;
C, Extraction and separation: after reacting slurry is cooled to room temperature, add reacting slurry volume 2-8 deionized water doubly, transfer to after Homogeneous phase mixing in separatory funnel, layering after standing 1-3h, obtains lower floor's ionic liquid phase and upper strata aqueous phase, suction filtration after the lower floor's ionic liquid be separated is left standstill mutually, obtain suction filtration thing I and filtrate, suction filtration thing I is dry in the vacuum drying chamber of 60 DEG C, obtains cellulose, after filter vacuum thickening, obtain ionic liquid; The upper strata aqueous phase be separated suction filtration 2-3 time repeatedly after leaving standstill, obtains less than II, the 80 DEG C vacuumizes of block concentrate, obtains lignin by water evaporation and concentration.
Described lignocellulose-like biomass comprises sesame stalk, maize straw, peanut shell and peach-pit shell.
Described expanding treatment pressure is 0.25-0.4Mpa, and the time is 30-50s.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1) provided by the present invention from lignocellulose-like biomass Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method, after living beings being crossed 180 mesh sieves, carry out expanding treatment, to remove in stalk, cornstalk, peanut shell and walnut shell lignin to cellulose and the parcel of hemicellulose and the cellulose crystallite plot structure of densification, the physical arrangement of raw material is changed, increase the effective ratio area that lignocellulose powder dissolves, promote the degraded of wood fiber biomass and the dissolving of lignin;
2) this invention is stirred with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole villaumite ([Bmim] Cl) ionic liquid and expanded lignocellulose and is processed for 2-3 hour at 95-105 DEG C, by reducing the cellulosic degree of polymerization, degree of crystallinity, destroy the binder course of lignin and hemicellulose, slough lignin, increase the effective ratio area etc. of lignocellulose-like biomass powder dissolution, improve the recovery rate of lignin, make lignin extraction rate reach more than 90 percent;
3) in the present invention, more than 80 percent is reached to the rate of recovery of ionic liquid, the recycle of ionic liquid can be reached, reduce production cost, by the control of reaction condition, from lignocellulose-like biomass, Extraction and separation goes out lignin and cellulose simultaneously, obviously reduce in energy consumption, be applicable to industrialized production;
4) based on early stage to the content analysis of lignin in the different biological materials such as draft/woody, nut with maize straw, sesame stalk, peanut shell, peach-pit shell for material, and undertaken testing and testing by this method, this method also can carry out lignin and cellulosic Selective Separation to the leftover bits and pieces of this type of lignocellulose plant and agricultural product.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 for be separated the cellulosic infared spectrum of suction filtration thing I from sesame stalk;
Fig. 2 is the infared spectrum of lignin standard items;
Fig. 3 is the infared spectrum being separated concentrate II lignin from sesame stalk;
Fig. 4 is the infared spectrum being separated concentrate II lignin from maize straw;
Fig. 5 is the infared spectrum being separated concentrate II lignin from peanut shell;
Fig. 6 is the infared spectrum being separated concentrate II lignin from walnut shell.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method from lignocellulose-like biomass, comprise the following steps:
The preliminary treatment of a, lignocellulose-like biomass: by sesame crushed stalk, crosses after 180 mesh sieves, to put in 105 DEG C of baking ovens dry 60 minutes, and then to obtain sesame stalk particle for subsequent use in expanding treatment;
The dissolving of b, lignocellulose and the degraded of living beings: take the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium villaumite of 15g in the flask of 50mL, be placed in 104 DEG C of oil bath pan heating to dissolve, stir ionic liquid and add 2.5g sesame stalk particle to it, sealed flask, temperature controls at 90 DEG C, continuous agitating heating 2h, obtains thick thing;
In thick thing obtained above, drip the watery hydrochloric acid of 10% while stirring, adjust ph is 4.5, continues to add thermal agitation 5h, obtains reacting slurry;
C, Extraction and separation: after reacting slurry is cooled to room temperature, add the deionized water of reacting slurry volume 5 times, transfer to after Homogeneous phase mixing in separatory funnel, layering after standing 3h, obtains lower floor's ionic liquid phase and upper strata aqueous phase, suction filtration after the lower floor's ionic liquid be separated is left standstill mutually, obtain suction filtration thing I and filtrate, suction filtration thing I is dry in the vacuum drying chamber of 60 DEG C, obtains cellulose, after filter vacuum thickening, obtain ionic liquid 12.8g; The upper strata aqueous phase be separated suction filtration 2-3 time repeatedly after leaving standstill, obtains less than II, the 80 DEG C vacuumizes of block concentrate, obtains lignin 0.612g by water evaporation and concentration.Described expanding treatment pressure is 0.25Mpa, and the time is 30s.
Fig. 1, Fig. 3 are the infared spectrum of suction filtration thing I and concentrate II, Fig. 2 is the standard diagram of lignin standard items, accurately take the suction filtration thing I after 2.0 mg vacuumizes, concentrate II and lignin standard items respectively, add about 150 mg potassium bromide again, put into the sample cell of tablet press machine, be pressed into uniformly transparent film, carry out FT-IR infrared spectrum measurement.
As can be seen from the infrared analysis collection of illustrative plates of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the sesame straw lignin of separation and normal wood quality trace analysis, wherein in aromatic compound ring between carbon atom the skeletal vibration characteristic absorption peak of the ring that stretching vibration causes at 1630.01(s) cm
-1, 1509.79(s) and cm
-1, 1463.55 (m) cm
-1, 1422.85 (m) cm
-1, 805.23 (w) cm
-1for on aromatic ring, three replace absorption; The C-O stretching vibration of phenolic hydroxyl group is absorbed in 1261.36(br.) cm
-1; Alkoxyl on aromatic ring is absorbed in 1125.21-1035.35 cm
-1it is a wide and strong absorption band.Different from lignin, the absworption peak of sesame straw lignin is 1735.53 cm
-1, absorb functional group region through infrared analysis at ketone group, therefore containing ketone group in this lignin.
Based on early stage to the content analysis of lignin in the different biological materials such as draft/woody, nut with maize straw, sesame stalk, peanut shell, peach-pit shell for material, National Standard Method is utilized to measure the content of their lignin respectively, for the exploitation of biomass energy plant provide scientific basis.The above-mentioned different lignocellulose content of lignin wherein recorded is as shown in the table:
| Lignocellulose-like biomass | Maize straw | Sesame stalk | Peanut shell | Peach-pit shell |
| Lignin (%) | 14.50 | 26.10 | 18.13 | 28.69 |
And then calculate [Bmim] Cl to the recovery rate of lignin:;
；
The rate of recovery of [Bmim] Cl:
。
Embodiment 2:
Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method from lignocellulose-like biomass, comprise the following steps:
The preliminary treatment of a, lignocellulose-like biomass: by corn straw smashing, crosses after 180 mesh sieves, to put in 80 DEG C of baking ovens dry 60 minutes, and then to obtain corn stalk pellets for subsequent use in expanding treatment;
The dissolving of b, lignocellulose and the degraded of living beings: take the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium villaumite of 15g in the flask of 100mL, be placed in 95 DEG C of oil bath pan heating to dissolve, stir ionic liquid and add 2.5g corn stalk pellets to it, sealed flask, temperature controls at 110 DEG C, continuous agitating heating 3h, obtains thick thing;
In thick thing obtained above, drip the watery hydrochloric acid of 5% while stirring, adjust ph is 4.8, continues to add thermal agitation 7h, obtains reacting slurry;
C, Extraction and separation: after reacting slurry is cooled to room temperature, add the deionized water of reacting slurry volume 2 times, transfer to after Homogeneous phase mixing in separatory funnel, layering after standing 3h, obtains lower floor's ionic liquid phase and upper strata aqueous phase, suction filtration after the lower floor's ionic liquid be separated is left standstill mutually, obtain suction filtration thing I and filtrate, suction filtration thing I is dry in the vacuum drying chamber of 60 DEG C, obtains cellulose, after filter vacuum thickening, obtain ionic liquid 12.7g; The upper strata aqueous phase be separated suction filtration 2-3 time repeatedly after leaving standstill, obtains less than II, the 80 DEG C vacuumizes of block concentrate, obtains lignin 0.34g by water evaporation and concentration.Described expanding treatment pressure is 0.4Mpa, and the time is 50s.
Obtain [Bmim] Cl as calculated to the recovery rate 93.79% of lignin, the rate of recovery 84.67% of [Bmim] Cl.Fig. 4 is the infared spectrum of concentrate II lignin extracted from maize straw, as can be seen from Figure 4, in the aromatic compound ring of Spruce lignin between carbon atom the skeletal vibration characteristic absorption peak of the ring that stretching vibration causes at 1653.34(s) cm
-1, 1500.91.(s) and cm
-1, the C-O stretching vibration of phenolic hydroxyl group is absorbed in 1119.20.(br.) and cm
-1; Virtue ring substituents is absorbed in 790.67cm
-1.
Embodiment 3:
Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method from lignocellulose-like biomass, comprise the following steps:
The preliminary treatment of a, lignocellulose-like biomass: pulverized by peanut shell, crosses after 180 mesh sieves, to put in 110 DEG C of baking ovens dry 90 minutes, and then to obtain peanut shell granular for subsequent use in expanding treatment;
The dissolving of b, lignocellulose and the degraded of living beings: take the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium villaumite of 50g in the flask of 500mL, be placed in 110 DEG C of oil bath pan heating to dissolve, stir ionic liquid and add 20g peanut shell granular to it, sealed flask, temperature controls at 90 DEG C, continuous agitating heating 2.5h, obtains thick thing;
In thick thing obtained above, drip the watery hydrochloric acid of 8% while stirring, adjust ph is 4.5, continues to add thermal agitation 5h, obtains reacting slurry;
D, Extraction and separation: after reacting slurry is cooled to room temperature, add the deionized water of reacting slurry volume 6 times, transfer to after Homogeneous phase mixing in separatory funnel, layering after standing 1h, obtains lower floor's ionic liquid phase and upper strata aqueous phase, suction filtration after the lower floor's ionic liquid be separated is left standstill mutually, obtain suction filtration thing I and filtrate, suction filtration thing I is dry in the vacuum drying chamber of 60 DEG C, obtains cellulose, after filter vacuum thickening, obtain ionic liquid 42.02g; The upper strata aqueous phase be separated suction filtration 2-3 time repeatedly after leaving standstill, obtains less than II, the 80 DEG C vacuumizes of block concentrate, obtains lignin 3.39g by water evaporation and concentration.Described expanding treatment pressure is 0.3Mpa, and the time is 40s.
Obtain [Bmim] Cl as calculated to the recovery rate 93.49% of lignin, the rate of recovery 84.04% of [Bmim] Cl.Fig. 5 is the infared spectrum of concentrate II lignin extracted from peanut shell, as can be seen from Figure 5, in the aromatic compound ring of the lignin wherein in peanut shell between carbon atom the skeletal vibration characteristic absorption peak of the ring that stretching vibration causes at 1616.62(s) cm
-1, 1501.72(s) and cm
-1with 1463.37 (m) cm
-1the C-O stretching vibration of phenolic hydroxyl group is absorbed in 1266.39 cm
-1and 1084.86(br.) cm
-1.
Embodiment 4:
Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method from lignocellulose-like biomass, comprise the following steps:
The preliminary treatment of a, lignocellulose-like biomass: pulverized by walnut shell, crosses after 180 mesh sieves, to put in 90 DEG C of baking ovens dry 120 minutes, and then to obtain walnut shell particle for subsequent use in expanding treatment;
The dissolving of b, lignocellulose and the degraded of living beings: take the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium villaumite of 30g in the flask of 250mL, be placed in 110 DEG C of oil bath pan heating to dissolve, stir ionic liquid and add 10g walnut shell particle to it, sealed flask, temperature controls at 100 DEG C, continuous agitating heating 3h, obtains thick thing;
In thick thing obtained above, drip the watery hydrochloric acid of 10% while stirring, adjust ph is 4.8, continues to add thermal agitation 7h, obtains reacting slurry;
C, Extraction and separation: after reacting slurry is cooled to room temperature, add the deionized water of reacting slurry volume 8 times, transfer to after Homogeneous phase mixing in separatory funnel, layering after standing 2h, obtains lower floor's ionic liquid phase and upper strata aqueous phase, suction filtration after the lower floor's ionic liquid be separated is left standstill mutually, obtain suction filtration thing I and filtrate, suction filtration thing I is dry in the vacuum drying chamber of 60 DEG C, obtains cellulose, after filter vacuum thickening, obtain ionic liquid 26.1g; The upper strata aqueous phase be separated suction filtration 2-3 time repeatedly after leaving standstill, obtains less than II, the 80 DEG C vacuumizes of block concentrate, obtains lignin 2.63g by water evaporation and concentration.Described expanding treatment pressure is 0.25Mpa, and the time is 50s.Obtain [Bmim] Cl as calculated to the recovery rate 91.67% of lignin, the rate of recovery 87.00% of [Bmim] Cl.Fig. 6 is the infared spectrum of concentrate II lignin extracted from walnut shell, as can be seen from Figure 6, in walnut shell lignin aromatic compound ring between carbon atom the skeletal vibration characteristic absorption peak of the ring that stretching vibration causes at 1616.60(s) cm
-1, 1500.72(s) and cm
-1with 1456.98 (m) cm
-1.On aromatic ring, phenolic hydroxyl group C-O stretching vibration is absorbed in 1112.43(br.) cm
-1, fragrant ring substituents is absorbed in 832.15cm
-1.
Claims (2)
1. Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method from lignocellulose-like biomass, comprise the pretreated step of lignocellulose-like biomass, and lignocellulose dissolves and the step of biomass degradation, is specially:
The preliminary treatment of a, lignocellulose-like biomass: lignocellulose-like biomass is pulverized, after crossing 180 mesh sieves, to put in 80-110 DEG C of baking ovens dry 60-120 minutes, then expanding treatment 30-50s under the pressure of 0.25-0.4MPa, obtains lignocellulose-like biomass particle for subsequent use;
The dissolving of b, lignocellulose and the degraded of living beings: take the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium villaumite of 15-50g in the flask of 50-500 ml, be placed in 95-105 DEG C of oil bath pan heating to dissolve, stir ionic liquid and add 2.5-20 g lignocellulose-like biomass particles to it, sealed flask, temperature controls at 90-110 DEG C, continuous agitating heating 2-3h, obtains thick thing; In thick thing obtained above, drip the watery hydrochloric acid of 5-10% while stirring, adjust ph is 4.5-4.8, continues to add thermal agitation 5-7h, obtains reacting slurry;
It is characterized in that: further comprising the steps of:
C, Extraction and separation: after reacting slurry is cooled to room temperature, add the deionized water of reacting slurry volume 2-8 times, transfer to after Homogeneous phase mixing in separatory funnel, adopt the method for stratification to make it be divided into lower floor's ionic liquid phase and upper strata aqueous phase, time of repose is 1-3h; Suction filtration after being left standstill mutually by the lower floor's ionic liquid be separated, obtains suction filtration thing I and filtrate, and suction filtration thing I is dry in the vacuum drying chamber of 60 DEG C, obtains cellulose, after filter vacuum thickening, obtains ionic liquid; The upper strata aqueous phase be separated suction filtration 2-3 times repeatedly after leaving standstill, obtains block concentrate by water evaporation and concentration
, less than 80 DEG C vacuumizes, obtain lignin.
2. according to claim 1 from lignocellulose-like biomass Selective Separation lignin and cellulosic method, it is characterized in that: described lignocellulose-like biomass comprises sesame stalk, maize straw, peanut shell and peach-pit shell.
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| CN103755971A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-04-30 | 江南大学 | Method for extracting lignin of straws by acidic ionic liquid and organic solvent |
| CN105316375A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-02-10 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method used for pretreatment of biomass with protic/nonprotic type composite ionic liquid |
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| CN105544265B (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-10-20 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of method of separation and Extraction cellulose and lignin from bamboo wood |
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| CN109231400B (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2021-09-21 | 华南理工大学 | Suspended lignin microcapsule for treating water eutrophication and preparation method thereof |
| CN112442924B (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2022-06-14 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method for preparing high-hardness environment-friendly material by using protogenic plant biomass as raw material |
| CN114875702B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-10-17 | 东南大学 | Efficient and clean method for degrading lignin in straw biomass |
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