CN103084533B - 扭剪型高强度螺栓的锻造方法 - Google Patents
扭剪型高强度螺栓的锻造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103084533B CN103084533B CN201210511852.8A CN201210511852A CN103084533B CN 103084533 B CN103084533 B CN 103084533B CN 201210511852 A CN201210511852 A CN 201210511852A CN 103084533 B CN103084533 B CN 103084533B
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011514 iron Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010950 nickel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substances Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241001081830 Degeneriaceae Species 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000463 materials Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000171 quenching Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquids Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium nitrite Chemical compound 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[Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种扭剪型高强度螺栓的锻造方法，加工步骤包括：a、通过铸造工艺制得杆料毛坯，控制杆料毛坯的各化学成分的重量百分比应满足下述要求：C 0.25～0.35、Mn 0.15～0.25、Si 0.15～0.35、W 0.01-0.04、0.015≤P≤0.025、0.015≤S≤0.035、Ni 0.15～0.20、Zn 0.025～0.045、Sn 0.02～0.03、Cr≤0.02，余量为铁。本发明的扭剪型高强度螺栓的锻造方法，采用冷挤压工艺螺栓加工，提高了螺栓的强度，达到了12.9高强度螺栓所需的硬度值、强度值，解决了高强度下螺栓的延迟断裂和疲劳断裂，在使用中连接可靠，不易折断，提高了螺栓寿命，满足了社会上各行业对高强度螺栓的使用需求。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及到螺栓的加工方法，尤其是一种扭剪型高强度螺栓的锻造方法。
背景技术
[0002] 高扭剪螺栓是机械行业中常用的紧固件，目前的加工方式一般为车削的成型，强度往往难以保证，有时在使用中产生掉头、杆部断裂等不安全现象，对工业生产危害很大。因此对高扭剪生产方法加以研宄和改进，确保高扭剪螺栓的质量稳定性，对技术和经济的发展具有重要作用。此外，螺栓处于相对潮湿的环境中时，容易生锈腐蚀，最终导致断裂或裂纹，形成潜在的事故源。
[0003] 鉴于此，有必要提供一种高扭剪强度螺栓的加工方法，生产更耐腐蚀的高强度螺栓。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明的目的在于避免现有技术中的不足之处，而提供一种扭剪型高强度螺栓的锻造方法。
[0005] 本发明的目的通过以下技术方案如下:
[0006] 扭剪型高强度螺栓的锻造方法，加工步骤包括:
[0007] a、通过铸造工艺制得杆料毛坯，控制杆料毛坯的各化学成分的重量百分比应满足下述要求:C 0.25 〜0.35、Mn 0.15 〜0.25、Si 0.15 〜0.35、W 0.01-0.04、0.015 ^ P ^ 0.025,0.015 ^ S ^ 0.035,Ni 0.15 〜0.20,Zn 0.025 〜0.045,Sn 0.02 〜0.03、Cr ( 0.02，余量为铁；
[0008] b、对铸造成型后的杆料进行锻造成形加工，锻打温度控制为600-650°C，在锻打模具的模膛内壁上覆盖薄层草木灰，草木灰的粒度控制为200-300目，锻打次数不多于25次，锻打成型后通过往复式辗牙机的两片牙板将杆料推入，通过往复式动作将螺纹辗制成型，形成螺栓的外螺纹；
[0009] c、热处理，第一次是将车削后的螺栓外螺纹在460-550 °C下加热8_9小时，再20-30分钟内升温至1080-1120°C，保持加热时间20分钟，用淬火油进行淬火，再将淬火后的螺栓在500°C下进行回火保持30分钟，再从回火炉中取出放入250-270°C 200号溶剂油中中随油缓冷；第二次是将螺栓的螺栓头在800°C ±20°C下，用水性淬火液进行淬火，再将淬火后的螺栓在600°C下进行回火，持续时间60分钟；
[0010] d、对热处理后的螺栓进行深冷处理，液氮温度为-125〜-150°C，深冷处理的时间为2-5小时，在液氮中的等温时间为:螺栓的横截面积的乘以2〜3min/mm2，深冷处理后将温度已回升到室温的螺栓放入100°C的沸水中加热60-80分钟；
[0011] e、磷化处理，首先用14%氢氧化钠溶液洗涤进行脱脂处理，温度控制在55_60°C之间，时间为5-6分钟，然后水洗；再用25%KHS04溶液洗涤进行酸洗处理，温度控制在18-20°C，时间为1-2分钟，然后水洗；最后在温度40°C情况下，浸入十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液中，温度控制在45-57 °C，浸入时间为3分钟，之后清洗干净；
[0012] f、发黑处理，在温度为120_140°C的条件下，将螺栓置于亚硝酸钠溶液内处理至表面呈黑灰或全黑色，然后将螺栓从亚硝酸钠溶液中取出，并自然固化15〜20min，再以水充分清洗、风干后得到成品螺栓。
[0013] 本发明的扭剪型高强度螺栓的锻造方法，采用冷挤压工艺螺栓加工，提高了螺栓的强度，达到了 12.9高强度螺栓所需的硬度值、强度值，解决了高强度下螺栓的延迟断裂和疲劳断裂，在使用中连接可靠，不易折断，提高了螺栓寿命，满足了社会上各行业对高强度螺栓的使用需求。
[0014] 本发明的有益效果在于:
[0015] 1、本发明细化了材质的整形加工工艺，使线材硬度适中，表面具有良好的磷化皮膜，润滑性能好，线材无氢脆，可塑性好；
[0016] 2、本发明螺栓进行了 3 — 4次冷镦挤压成型，提高了高强度螺栓整体强度，螺栓精度高，质量好，生产效率高，无切削无废料，单位成本大大下降。得到了整体金属流向方向一致的螺栓，大大提高了其抗拉强度；
[0017] 3、热处理工艺的发明突破了螺栓传统热处理的合金钢材的极限，其超强超韧性的特色已领先国内紧固件行业水平。
具体实施方式
[0018] 结合以下实施例对本发明作进一步描述:
[0019] 扭剪型高强度螺栓的锻造方法，加工步骤包括:
[0020] a、通过铸造工艺制得杆料毛坯，控制杆料毛坯的各化学成分的重量百分比应满足下述要求:C 0.25 〜0.35、Mn 0.15 〜0.25、Si 0.15 〜0.35、W 0.01-0.04、0.015 ^ P ^ 0.025,0.015 ^ S ^ 0.035,Ni 0.15 〜0.20,Zn 0.025 〜0.045,Sn 0.02 〜0.03、Cr ( 0.02，余量为铁；
[0021] b、对铸造成型后的杆料进行锻造成形加工，锻打温度控制为600-650°C，在锻打模具的模膛内壁上覆盖薄层草木灰，草木灰的粒度控制为200-300目，锻打次数不多于25次，锻打成型后通过往复式辗牙机的两片牙板将杆料推入，通过往复式动作将螺纹辗制成型，形成螺栓的外螺纹；
[0022] c、热处理，第一次是将车削后的螺栓外螺纹在460-550 °C下加热8_9小时，再20-30分钟内升温至1080-1120°C，保持加热时间20分钟，用淬火油进行淬火，再将淬火后的螺栓在500°C下进行回火保持30分钟，再从回火炉中取出放入250-270°C 200号溶剂油中中随油缓冷；第二次是将螺栓的螺栓头在800°C ±20°C下，用水性淬火液进行淬火，再将淬火后的螺栓在600°C下进行回火，持续时间60分钟；
[0023] d、对热处理后的螺栓进行深冷处理，液氮温度为-125〜_150°C，深冷处理的时间为2-5小时，在液氮中的等温时间为:螺栓的横截面积的乘以2〜3min/mm2，深冷处理后将温度已回升到室温的螺栓放入100°C的沸水中加热60-80分钟；
[0024] e、磷化处理，首先用14%氢氧化钠溶液洗涤进行脱脂处理，温度控制在55_60°C之间，时间为5-6分钟，然后水洗；再用25%KHS04溶液洗涤进行酸洗处理，温度控制在18-20°C，时间为1-2分钟，然后水洗；最后在温度40°C情况下，浸入十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液中，温度控制在45-57 °C，浸入时间为3分钟，之后清洗干净；
[0025] f、发黑处理，在温度为120_140°C的条件下，将螺栓置于亚硝酸钠溶液内处理至表面呈黑灰或全黑色，然后将螺栓从亚硝酸钠溶液中取出，并自然固化15〜20min，再以水充分清洗、风干后得到成品螺栓。
[0026] 根据本发明的扭剪型高强度螺栓的制备方法生产的螺栓，经过检测试验其机械性能数值如下，螺栓心部硬度达40-43HRC、螺栓螺纹段硬度达38-40HRC，抗剪切强度达到900Mpa，屈服强度达到lOOOMpa，延伸率大于12%，断面收缩率大于35%，冲击韧性大于56J/cm2，综合机械性能比现有工艺制造出的螺栓高10-12%。
[0027] 最后应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (1)
1.扭剪型高强度螺栓的锻造方法，其特征在于，加工步骤包括: a、通过铸造工艺制得杆料毛坯，控制杆料毛坯的各化学成分的重量百分比应满足下述要求:0.25 彡 C 彡 0.35、0.15 ^ Mn ^ 0.25, 0.15 彡 Si 彡 0.35、0.0l 彡 W 彡 0.04、.0.015 ^ P ^ 0.025,0.015 ^ S ^ 0.035,0.15 彡 Ni 彡 0.20、0.025 彡 Zn 彡 0.045、.0.02 ^ Sn ^ 0.03、Cr < 0.02，余量为铁； b、对铸造成型后的杆料进行锻造成形加工，锻打温度控制为600-650°C，在锻打模具的模膛内壁上覆盖薄层草木灰，草木灰的粒度控制为200-300目，锻打次数不多于25次，锻打成型后通过往复式辗牙机的两片牙板将杆料推入，通过往复式动作将螺纹辗制成型，形成螺栓的外螺纹； C、热处理，第一次是将無制成型后的螺检外螺纹在460-550 °C下加热8_9小时，在.20-30分钟内升温至1080-1120°C，保持加热时间20分钟，用淬火油进行淬火，再将淬火后的螺栓在500°C下进行回火保持30分钟，再从回火炉中取出放入250-270°C 200号溶剂油中随油缓冷；第二次是将螺栓的螺栓头在800°C ±20°C下，用水性淬火液进行淬火，再将淬火后的螺栓在600°C下进行回火，持续时间60分钟； d、对热处理后的螺栓进行深冷处理，液氮温度为-125〜-150°C，深冷处理的时间为.2-5小时，在液氮中的等温时间为:螺栓的横截面积乘以2〜3min/mm2，深冷处理后将温度已回升到室温的螺栓放入100°C的沸水中加热60-80分钟； e、磷化处理，首先用14%氢氧化钠溶液洗涤进行脱脂处理，温度控制在55-60°C之间，时间为5-6分钟，然后水洗；再用25%KHS04溶液洗涤进行酸洗处理，温度控制在18-20°C，时间为1-2分钟，然后水洗；最后在温度40°C情况下，浸入十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液中，温度控制在45-57°C，浸入时间为3分钟，之后清洗干净； f、发黑处理，在温度为120-140°C的条件下，将螺栓置于亚硝酸钠溶液内处理至表面呈黑灰或全黑色，然后将螺栓从亚硝酸钠溶液中取出，并自然固化15〜20min，再以水充分清洗、风干后得到成品螺栓。
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