CN103081991B - Continuous type infrared corncob drying machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a continuous infrared corn cob dryer, which is characterized in that: a plurality of conveying devices driven by a transmission device are arranged in the box, and two types of material levers with different lengths, type I and type II, are alternately fixed on the Between the two chains of the same conveying device, each conveying device is provided with a supporting plate corresponding to the upper and lower horizontal sections of the chain, a material guide groove is provided under the end of the supporting plate, and a radial The radiation frame of the radiation device is hoisted on the box body, and the two ends of the infrared radiation element that radiate infrared rays downward in one direction are installed on the radiation frame. The top of the box body is provided with a material inlet, and the bottom is provided with a material outlet. The invention has high heat transfer efficiency, low energy consumption and good drying uniformity.

Description

Continuous infrared corn cob dryer

technical field

The invention provides a continuous infrared corn cob dryer, which is mainly used for dehydrating and drying wet corn cobs with high moisture content just after picking from corn stalks.

Background technique

China is a large agricultural country, especially in Shandong, Henan and Northeast China, which are the major food producing areas such as corn. With the development of the breeding industry and the increase in the demand for feed, the planting area of corn has gradually expanded, and the output has increased year by year. The harvest moisture of corn is generally 25%-35%. If there is no good corn drying equipment, it will cause a lot of loss due to excessive moisture and mold. Therefore, farmers' demand for corn dryers is becoming more and more urgent. It is of great significance to develop corn dryers with high precipitation, good drying uniformity and high quality to promote the development of corn industry.

At present, there are some warehouse-type and drum-type corn dryers on the market. These equipment use mechanical equipment to reduce the moisture content of corn kernels to the range of safe packaging and storage, so as to achieve the purpose of long-term preservation. Post-harvest loss is of great significance to ensure the high yield and good harvest of maize.

However, various existing corn drying equipment are all used for dehydrating and drying corn grains. However, corn ears have a high moisture content just after they are picked from the field. If the process of threshing first and then drying is adopted, the high moisture content of corn ears will lead to a high rate of broken grains after threshing, which cannot meet actual production needs. Therefore, we have developed a continuous corn ear dryer. This machine can continuously dry wet ears of corn, and has relatively high productivity, so it has applied for a national invention patent with the application number: 201310046462.2. When using the hot air with high moisture content and relatively low temperature in the late drying stage to preheat the wet corn ears, after changing the way that the hot air and corn ears do not contact each other, we applied for a national invention patent, and the application number is: 201310049368.2; After using the hot water heated by the water-air heater to preheat the wet corn ears that have been preheated but the preheating temperature has not yet reached the required level, the company has applied for a national invention patent with the application number: 201310050556.7. The ear of corn drying equipment involved in the above patent has been able to dry the ear of corn normally, but the temperature of the ear of corn flowing out from the discharge port after drying is too high, which is not convenient for packaging and wastes energy; After the moisture content reaches the requirement, make it heat exchange with normal temperature air in the lower channel of the conveying device, and then apply for a national invention patent, the application number is: 201310052038.9. However, the cob dryers involved in the above-mentioned patents all adopt hot air convection drying, and the temperature of the hot air is generally relatively high, and the drying is carried out under normal pressure, so sometimes the corn kernels will burst; if the temperature of the hot air is lowered, the heat transfer rate will decrease. Slow, longer drying time. In addition, the energy consumption of hot air drying is relatively high.

Looking at the current situation of the corn drying industry, there is an urgent need for a corn ear drying equipment with fast drying speed, high heat transfer efficiency, low energy consumption, uniform drying, and good dry food quality.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a continuous infrared corn cob drying equipment that can overcome the problems existing in the existing corn drying equipment, has high heat transfer efficiency, low energy consumption, good drying uniformity, and good dry food quality.

Its technical scheme is as follows: including the box body, transmission device, conveying device and radiation device, one end of the top of the rectangular box body is provided with a material inlet, and the same end is provided with a discharge port at the bottom of the box body, and the box body is provided with multiple strips along the length direction. Conveying device, the conveying device includes a shaft, a sprocket, a chain and a material lever. The axes of the two shafts of the same conveying device are perpendicular to the length direction of the box body and are arranged horizontally at both ends of the box body along the length direction. Both ends of the shaft are Supported on the vertical wall of the box body, the transmission device installed on the top of the box body away from the feed inlet drives the conveying device to run step by step through the shaft of each conveying device located below the transmission device through the protruding end of the vertical wall of the box body. There are two sprockets installed at both ends of the shaft close to the inner wall of the box, and a chain is hung on the two sprockets at the two shafts of each conveying device close to the inner wall of the same side of the box. It is characterized in that: Type I and The structural shape, width, thickness and ring wall thickness of the two types of rectangular ring-shaped push rods of type II are exactly the same, but the length is different, that is, the distance between the two short sides of the push rod and the length direction is different. , the length of type I driving rod is equal to the distance between the outer surfaces of the nearest inner link between two chains of the same conveying device, and the length of type II driving rod is equal to the distance between the nearest outer surfaces of two chains of the same conveying device The distance between the outer surfaces of the chain links, the middle part of the outer surfaces of the two short sides of the type I driving rod is fixed by screws on the outer surface of the inner chain link on the inner side of the two chains of the same conveying device along the midline of the length direction, and I The short side of the type material lever is perpendicular to the inner chain link of the chain, and the middle part of the outer surface of the two short sides of the type II material lever is fixed to the outer surface of the outer link inside the two chains of the same conveying device by screws along the length direction. and the short side of the type II driving rod is perpendicular to the outer link of the chain, the distance between the inner surfaces of two adjacent driving rods, that is, the "chain pitch - the thickness of the driving rod" is greater than the ear of corn The diameter of the 4 sprockets of each conveying device is respectively provided with supporting plates corresponding to the upper and lower horizontal sections of the chain, and the upper planes of the upper and lower supporting plates are respectively located in the same position as the 4 chains In the upper and lower planes where the indexing circle of the wheel is tangent at the same time, the width of the supporting plate is smaller than the distance between the inner end faces of the pin shafts of the two chains of the same conveying device. According to the moving direction of the horizontal section of the chain, the supporting plate located above the sprocket starts from the upper part between the quadrant point of the vertical wall of the end box where the sprocket is located and the axis of the sprocket, and is located below the sprocket. The support plate of the sprocket terminates at the quadrant point of the sprocket’s indexing circle away from the vertical wall of the end box where the sprocket is located and away from the side of the sprocket axis, corresponding to the bottom of the end of the support plate and between the two sprockets. There is a material guide groove between them, the material guide groove at the bottom sprocket of the box is the discharge port, the feed port corresponds to the starting end of the support plate above the uppermost conveying device, and the sprockets below the transmission device , along the moving direction of the horizontal section of the chain, the supporting plate above the sprocket ends at the quadrant of the sprocket index circle away from the vertical wall of the end box where the sprocket is located, and above the side away from the axis of the sprocket , corresponding to the bottom of the end of the supporting plate, there is a material guide groove between the two sprockets, and the supporting plate under the sprocket The indexing circle starting from the sprocket is far away from the quadrant of the vertical wall of the end box where the sprocket is located. The radiation device above each supporting plate includes a radiation frame and an infrared radiation element that can only radiate infrared rays in one direction. The radiation frame is hoisted The two ends of each infrared radiating element, which are on the box body and can be adjusted in height and radiate infrared rays downward toward the supporting plate in one direction, are installed on the radiation frame.

In the continuous infrared corn cob dryer, the box body is provided with an insulating layer.

The present invention is based on the existing patented technologies. One end of the top of the rectangular box body is provided with a material inlet, and the same end is provided with a material outlet at the bottom of the box body. There are multiple conveying devices along the length direction in the box. The two shafts of the same conveying device are arranged horizontally at both ends of the box along the length direction. Both ends of the two shafts are supported on the vertical wall of the box, and the axis of the shaft is vertical. In the length direction of the box body; the transmission device installed on the top of the box body away from the feed inlet, drives the conveying device to run step by step through the extension end of the shaft of each conveying device located below the transmission device after passing through the vertical wall of the box body; each Two sprockets are respectively installed near the inner wall of the box at the two ends of the shaft, and a chain is respectively hung on the two sprockets near the inner wall of the same side of the box on the two shafts of each conveying device. In addition to the different lengths of the two types of rectangular ring-shaped push rods of type I and type II, that is, the distance between the outer surfaces of the two short sides perpendicular to the length direction of the push rod is different, the structural shape, width, The thickness and the wall thickness of the ring are exactly the same; the length of the type I driving rod is equal to the distance between the outer surfaces of the nearest inner chain link between the two chains of the same conveying device, and the length of the type II driving rod is equal to that of the same conveying device The distance between the outer surfaces of the nearest outer links between two chains. The middle part of the outer surface of the two short sides of the type I driving rod is fixed by screws on the outer surface of the inner chain link inside the two chains of the same conveying device along the midline along the length direction, and the short side of the type I driving rod is in line with the chain The inner link of the inner chain link is vertical; the middle part of the outer surface of the two short sides of the type II driving rod is fixed to the center line of the outer surface of the outer chain link inside the two chains of the same conveying device along the length direction by screws, and the type II driving rod The short side of the rod is perpendicular to the outer chain link of the chain; the distance between the inner surfaces of two adjacent driving rods, that is, "the pitch of the chain - the thickness of the driving rod" is greater than the diameter of the ear of corn. Between the 4 sprockets of each conveying device, there are supporting plates corresponding to the upper and lower horizontal sections of the chain, and the upper planes of the upper and lower supporting plates are respectively located at the points of the 4 sprockets. The upper and lower planes where the degree circle is tangent at the same time; the width of the support plate is smaller than the distance between the inner end faces of the pin shafts of the two chains of the same conveying device. At each sprocket below the feed inlet, along the moving direction of the horizontal section of the chain, the supporting plate above the sprocket starts from the quadrant point of the vertical wall of the box at the end where the sprocket is located and the indexing circle of the sprocket. Above between the axes of the sprockets; the support plate located below the sprockets terminates at the quadrant of the sprocket’s index circle away from the vertical wall of the end box where the sprocket is located, and below the side away from the axis of the sprocket; corresponding to Below the end of the support plate, there is a material guide groove between the two sprockets. The material guide groove at the bottom sprocket of the box is the discharge port; The top, that is, the top of the box is the feed port. At each sprocket below the transmission device, along the moving direction of the horizontal section of the chain, the supporting plate above the sprocket terminates at the quadrant of the sprocket’s index circle away from the vertical wall of the end box where the sprocket is located, and away from Above the side of the sprocket axis, corresponding to the bottom of the end of the supporting plate, there is a material guide groove between the two sprockets; the supporting plate under the sprocket starts from the index circle of the sprocket and is away from the The wheel is located below the quadrant of the vertical wall of the end box. The height-adjustable radiation frame of the radiation device located above each supporting plate is hoisted on the box body, and the two ends of each infrared radiation element that radiates infrared rays downward toward the supporting plate in one direction are installed on the radiation frame.

Its working principle is: after the transmission device is energized, it will drive the shafts below the transmission device to run, and then drive the shift rod to run through the chain. When the ear of corn is added into the box from the feed port, it will enter between the two adjacent driving rods of each conveying device successively, and be supported on the supporting plate. The rod runs forward. At the same time, the ear of corn will absorb the radiant heat of the infrared radiation element to increase its own temperature, forcing the moisture inside the corn kernel to overflow. Due to the friction between the ear of corn and the supporting plate, the ear of corn will roll and slide while moving forward under the action of the lever, which is conducive to the uniform absorption of radiant heat by the corn kernels throughout the ear of corn , Improve the uniformity of drying.

When the ear of corn runs to the material guide groove at the end of the support plate, because the support plate terminates in front of the material guide groove, the ear of corn suddenly loses its support and falls to the lower support plate along the material guide groove, and turns to The rear toggle rod moves in the opposite direction. The ears of corn are forcibly turned during blanking, disrupting the original order of the ears of corn, thus improving the uniformity of drying. During the whole drying process, the ears of corn will experience "n=number of conveying devices × 2-1" times of blanking, which is equivalent to forcibly turning them n times, so the ears of corn can be completely dried evenly.

Infrared radiation does not require a medium, and infrared rays have a strong penetrating ability, so infrared heating does not heat the air, but directly heats the inside of the material, so that the temperature gradient of the internal heat transfer of the corn kernels and the humidity gradient of the moisture transfer outward The direction is the same, which is beneficial to heat and mass transfer in the drying process, and greatly reduces the hindrance effect of temperature gradient on water migration. Therefore, the heat transfer efficiency of infrared heating is high, the drying time is short, and the energy consumption is low because there is no need to heat the air. In addition, since there is no infrared radiation element near the chute, the ear of corn will temporarily stop heating to implement slow recovery when it is approaching the chute for feeding. Therefore, this dryer adopts the optimized drying procedure of "heating-slowing-slowing-heating-slowing", which effectively improves the drying effect.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the technical scheme of drying first and then threshing the wet corn ears after picking, which completely solves the problem of high grain broken rate caused by directly threshing wet corn ears; corn ears During the running process, it is rolling and slipping, so it is beneficial for the corn kernels in the whole corn ear to absorb radiant heat evenly, which improves the uniformity of drying; during the whole drying process, the corn ear has experienced "n = number of conveying devices × 2 -1" blanking, which is equivalent to forcibly turning it n times, thus further improving the uniformity of drying; because infrared radiation directly heats the inside of the material, the temperature gradient of heat transfer inside the corn kernels and the movement of moisture outward The direction of the humidity gradient is the same, which greatly reduces the hindering effect of the temperature gradient on the migration of water, so the infrared heating has high heat transfer efficiency and fast drying speed, and the energy consumption is low because there is no need to heat the air.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a first partial enlarged sectional view of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a second partial enlarged sectional view of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a partial view along the direction A of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shift rod in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 .

Detailed ways

1. Box body 2. Transmission device 3. Material inlet 4. Material outlet 5. Shaft 6. Sprocket 7. Chain 8. Material lever 9. Screw 10. Supporting plate 11. Material guide trough 12. Radiation frame 13. Infrared radiation element 14. Thermal insulation layer.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-5 : the top left end of the rectangular box body 1 is provided with a material inlet 3 , and the same end is provided with a material outlet 4 at the bottom of the box body 1 . There are four conveying devices along the length direction in the box body 1, and two shafts 5 of the same conveying device are arranged horizontally at both ends of the box body 1 along the length direction, and both ends of the two shafts 5 are supported on the vertical wall of the box body 1 , and the axis of the shaft 5 is perpendicular to the length direction of the box body 1; the transmission device 2 installed on the top of the box body 1 away from the right end of the feed port 3 passes through the box body 1 through the shaft 5 located below the transmission device 2 through each conveying device The protruding end behind the standing wall drives the conveying device to run step by step; two sprockets 6 are installed at both ends of each shaft 5 close to the inner wall of the box 1, and the two shafts 5 of each conveying device are close to the inner wall of the same side of the box 1 A chain 7 is hung on the two sprockets 6 at the place respectively. Type Ⅰ and Type Ⅱ two kinds of rectangular ring-shaped push rods 8 have different lengths, that is, the distance between the outer surfaces of the two short sides perpendicular to the length direction of the push rod 8 is different, and the structural shape of the push rod 8 is different. , width, thickness and the wall thickness of the ring are exactly the same; the length of the type I driving rod 8 is equal to the distance between the outer surfaces of the nearest inner chain link between the two chains 7 of the same conveying device, and the length of the type II driving rod 8 The length is equal to the distance between the outer surfaces of the nearest outer links between two chains 7 of the same conveying device. The middle part of the outer surface of the two short sides of the type I driving rod 8 is fixed to the center line of the inner chain link outer surface of the inner side of the two chains 7 of the same conveying device along the length direction by four screws 9, and the type I driving rod The short sides of 8 are perpendicular to the inner chain links of chains 7; The center line of the length direction, and the short side of the type II driving rod 8 is perpendicular to the outer link of the chain 7; The "thickness" of the rod 8 is greater than the diameter of the ear of corn. Between the 4 sprockets 6 of each conveying device, the upper and lower two sections of the chain 7 are respectively provided with supporting plates 10, and the upper planes of the upper and lower two supporting plates 10 are respectively located in the four The indexing circle of the sprocket 6 is simultaneously tangent to the upper and lower two planes; the width of the supporting plate 10 is less than the distance between the inner end surfaces of the pin shafts of the two chains 7 of the same conveying device. At each sprocket 6 below the feed port 3 at the left end of the box body 1, along the moving direction of the horizontal section of the chain 7, the supporting plate 10 above the sprocket 6 starts from the right quadrant of the indexing circle of the sprocket 6 Above between the axis of the sprocket 6; the supporting plate 10 located below the sprocket 6 ends at the right side of the right quadrant of the indexing circle of the sprocket 6; corresponding to the bottom of the end of the supporting plate 10, two chains A material guide groove 11 is arranged between the wheels 6, and the material guide groove 11 at the lowermost sprocket 6 of the box body 1 is the discharge port 4; The top of the box body 1 is the feed port 2. At each sprocket 6 below the transmission device 2 at the right end of the box body 1, along the moving direction of the horizontal section of the chain 7, the supporting plate 10 above the sprocket 6 ends to the left of the left quadrant of the index circle of the sprocket 6. On the upper side, corresponding to the bottom of the end of the supporting plate 10, there is a material guide groove 11 between the two sprockets 6; below. The height-adjustable radiation frame 12 of the radiation device located above each supporting plate 10 is hoisted on the box body 1, and the two ends of each infrared radiation element 13 that radiates infrared rays downward toward the supporting plate 10 in one direction are installed on the radiation frame 12 .

Claims (2)

1. A continuous infrared corn ear dryer, including a box body (1), a transmission device (2), a conveying device and a radiation device. The top end of the rectangular box body (1) is provided with a feeding port (3), and the same end There is a discharge port (4) at the bottom of the box (1), and there are multiple conveying devices along the length of the box (1). The conveying devices include shafts (5), sprockets (6), and chains (7). and the material rod (8), the axes of the two shafts (5) of the same conveying device are perpendicular to the length direction of the box (1), and are arranged horizontally at both ends of the box (1) along the length direction, the shaft (5) Both ends are supported on the vertical wall of the box body (1), and the transmission device (2) installed on the top of the box body (1) away from the feed inlet (3) passes through the shafts ( 5) The protruding end passing through the vertical wall of the box body (1) drives the conveying device to run step by step. Two sprockets (6) are installed at both ends of each shaft (5) close to the inner wall of the box body (1). A chain (7) is hung on the two sprockets (6) of the two shafts (5) of the strip conveying device close to the inner wall of the same side of the box (1). It is characterized in that: Type I and Type II are rectangular The structural shape, width, thickness and wall thickness of the ring-shaped push rod (8) are exactly the same, but the length is different, that is, the distance between the outer surfaces of the two short sides of the push rod (8) perpendicular to the length direction Different, the length of type I driving rod (8) is equal to the distance between the outer surfaces of the nearest inner chain link between two chains (7) of the same conveying device, and the length of type II driving rod (8) is equal to the distance between the two chains (7) of the same conveying device. The distance between the outer surfaces of the nearest outer chain links between the two chains (7) of the device, the middle part of the outer surface of the two short sides of the type I shift rod (8) is fixed on the two sides of the same conveying device by screws (9). The outer surface of the inner chain link on the inner side of the chain (7) is along the midline of the length direction, and the short side of the type I driving rod (8) is perpendicular to the inner chain link of the chain (7), and the type II driving rod (8) The middle of the outer surface of the two short sides of the ) is fixed to the center line of the outer surface of the outer chain link inside the two chains (7) of the same conveying device along the length direction by screws (9), and the type II shift rod (8) The short side of the chain (7) is perpendicular to the outer link of the chain (7), and the distance between the inner surfaces of two adjacent shifting rods (8), that is, "the pitch of the chain (7) - the thickness of the shifting rod (8)" is greater than The diameter of the ear of corn, between the 4 sprockets (6) of each conveying device, the upper and lower horizontal sections of the chain (7) are respectively provided with supporting plates (10), and the upper and lower two supporting plates The upper plane of the material plate (10) is respectively located in the upper and lower planes that are simultaneously tangent to the indexing circles of the four sprockets (6), and the width of the material support plate (10) is smaller than that of the two chains (7) of the same conveying device. ), at the sprockets (6) below the feed inlet (3), along the moving direction of the horizontal section of the chain (7), the supporting material above the sprocket (6) The plate (10) starts from the index circle of the sprocket (6) away from the quadrant point of the vertical wall of the end box (1) where the sprocket (6) is located and above the axis of the sprocket (6), and is located on the sprocket ( 6) The lower support plate (10) terminates at the sprocket ( 6) The indexing circle is away from the quadrant point of the vertical wall of the box (1) at the end where the sprocket (6) is located, and away from the side below the axis of the sprocket (6), corresponding to the bottom of the end of the support plate (10) 1. There is a material guide groove (11) between the two sprockets (6), and the material guide groove (11) at the lowermost sprocket (6) of the box body (1) is the discharge port (4). The feed port (2) corresponds to the starting end of the support plate (10) above the uppermost conveying device, at each sprocket (6) below the transmission device (2), along the moving direction of the horizontal section of the chain (7), The support plate (10) located above the sprocket (6) terminates at the indexing circle of the sprocket (6) away from the quadrant point of the vertical wall of the box (1) at the end where the sprocket (6) is located, and away from the sprocket ( 6) Above the side of the axis, corresponding to the bottom of the end of the supporting plate (10), there is a guide groove (11) between the two sprockets (6), and the supporting plate ( 10) The indexing circle starting from the sprocket (6) is far away from the quadrant point of the vertical wall of the end box (1) where the sprocket (6) is located, and the radiation device above each supporting plate (10) includes the radiation frame ( 12) and the infrared radiation element (13) that can only radiate infrared rays in one direction. The radiation frame (12) is hoisted on the box body (1) and its height is adjustable. It radiates infrared rays downward toward the support plate (10) in one direction The two ends of each infrared radiation element (13) are installed on the radiation frame (12). 2. The continuous infrared corn ear dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the box body (1) is provided with an insulating layer (14).

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