CN103069182B - 车轮轴承单元 - Google Patents

车轮轴承单元 Download PDF

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CN103069182B
CN103069182B CN201180039584.8A CN201180039584A CN103069182B CN 103069182 B CN103069182 B CN 103069182B CN 201180039584 A CN201180039584 A CN 201180039584A CN 103069182 B CN103069182 B CN 103069182B
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ring
spacer ring
bearing unit
wheel bearing
inner ring
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CN103069182A (zh
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沃尔弗拉姆·亨内贝格尔
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Fifth Schaeffler Investment Management & CoKg GmbH
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/24—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/28—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly with two or more rows of rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/001—Hubs with roller-bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/546—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
    • F16C19/547—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings
    • F16C19/548—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings in O-arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F16C35/067—Fixing them in a housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C43/00—Assembling bearings
    • F16C43/04—Assembling rolling-contact bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/36—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers
    • F16C19/364—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2226/00—Joining parts; Fastening; Assembling or mounting parts
    • F16C2226/50—Positive connections
    • F16C2226/70—Positive connections with complementary interlocking parts
    • F16C2226/74—Positive connections with complementary interlocking parts with snap-fit, e.g. by clips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
    • F16C2326/02—Wheel hubs or castors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/60—Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings

Abstract

本发明涉及一种带有两个镜像布置的圆锥滚子轴承（02）的车轮轴承单元，所述圆锥滚子轴承分别带有内圈（04）和外圈（03）。圆锥滚子轴承的连接经由内圈实现。依据本发明，车轮轴承单元包括内间隔圈（08）和外间隔圈（07），它们分别沿轴向方向布置在圆锥滚子轴承的内圈之间或外圈之间。车轮轴承单元的连接经由卡锁连接（16、17）在内圈和内间隔圈之间实现。

Description

车轮轴承单元
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的、尤其是用于商用车辆的车轮轴承单元，其带有两个镜像布置的圆锥滚子轴承。
背景技术
车轮轴承和车轮轮毂是用于机动车辆底盘的车轮悬挂的公知的高需求部件，所述部件尤其是在商用机动车辆中必须承担不同的需求。在此，车轮轴承的和车轮轮毂的高寿命以及免维护安装是这种商用车辆的决定性的竞争优势。尽管它们具有高寿命和免维护性，损坏轴承的维修经常是必需的并且比重新购置更便宜。为此，车轮轴承单元作为备用部件而在售后市场领域提供。
在用于商用机动车辆的车轮轴承单元中，主要使用所谓的插入式圆锥滚子轴承单元。
所谓的插入式轴承在DE 10 2006 017 162 A1中公知。这里所描述的插入式车轮轴承单元是能替换的单元，该单元能够在没有特殊专业知识和没有特殊工具的情况下利用简单的、在维修车间中配备的辅助工具在装配时没有特别清洁度要求的情况下进行装配。轴承单元包括两个分别带有外圈和内圈的圆锥滚子轴承，在外圈和内圈之间分别布置有一列圆锥滚子。圆锥滚子轴承彼此镜像地布置在车轮轮毂中并且用固定圈固定。在装配时，这些单个的车轮轴承轴向地压入车轮轮毂，其中，车轮轮毂中的凸起部相应地用作止挡件。通过将固定圈轴向地推入相应的内圈凹槽来实现内圈的相互连接和轴承的固定。
用于将相邻的轴承的内滚道区段接合的连接圈在DE 694 09 511T2中公知。连接圈具有高强度并且使两个轴承例如简单地组合成一个车轮轴承成为可能。连接圈由弹簧材料制造并且拥有两列对置的、分布在周向上的向外突出的弹性舌形件。基于这些弹性舌形件，连接圈能够轻松地安装到轴承的内滚道中。当连接圈在轴承的端部位置时，舌形件向外弹起，以便将该圈锁止在它的位置上。第二轴承的内滚道能够随后挤压到该连接圈的暴露的半体上，直到它通过第二周向列的舌形件锁止。外圈从各不同的侧引入车轮轮毂直至止挡件。轴承的内圈以它们的端面相互碰触，也就是说，必须比外圈具有更大宽度地来制造内圈。这意味着对昂贵的滚动轴承钢的高的材料使用。
由DE 10 2004 018 901 B3公知滚动轴承组件，其能装配在截锥体形的轮毂上。滚动轴承组件包括一件式构造的外圈和至少两件式的内圈。滚动体是圆锥滚子。在两个内圈通常彼此贴靠的位置，两个内圈在轴向方向上能相互嵌接地设计。为此，每个内圈在向着所提及的侧面的端部区域中分别设有环形的凹槽，该凹槽在轴向方向上与在向着所提及的端部的方向上置于该凹槽之前的环形区域共同作用地设计为底切部。环形区域的彼此面向的侧面设有螺纹，由此能够在第一次装配时防丢失地相互拧紧所述内圈。在装入的状态中，所述螺纹彼此松开。该连接是能松开的并且在轴向方向上是能负载的。内圈和外圈的总宽度必须相应于轴承单元的总宽度。
DE 198 58 973 C1描述了带有至少两个单独的内圈和/或外圈的多列滚动轴承。两个轴向相邻的内圈或外圈在共同的装配接缝的区域中借助连接元件相互连接。在分离接缝的轴向圆柱形区段中存在凹口，在该凹口中置入线形的连接元件。
由DE 10 2006 026 443 A1公知的滚动轴承带有两个内圈和用于密封内圈之间的分离接缝的密封设施。
由DE 199 61 712 B4公知的多列滚动轴承带有至少两个直接相互连接的、单独的内圈和/或外圈。内圈分别具有带有凹口的轴向延长的区域，其中，一个内圈的外轮廓相应地卡入另一个内圈的凹口。这种轴承拥有唯一的、完整的外圈。昂贵的滚动轴承钢的高的材料成本在这里同样存在。
公知的插入式轴承单元根据轴承单元的总宽度拥有长的并且因此昂贵的内圈。带有一件式外圈的轴承单元的制造在高的滚动轴承材料使用的情况下是昂贵的。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于如下，即，创造能便宜制造的车轮轴承单元，该车轮轴承单元能简单地装配并且确保了非常高的寿命。
依据本发明，该任务通过带有权利要求1的特征的车轮轴承单元来解决。
依据本发明的车轮轴承单元包括两个彼此镜像布置的、分别带有内圈和外圈的圆锥滚子轴承。圆锥滚子作为滚动体优选地引入内圈和外圈之间的保持架。
此外，车轮轴承单元依据本发明包括内间隔圈和外间隔圈，它们分别沿轴向方向布置在圆锥滚子轴承的内圈之间或外圈之间。
两个通常单幅的（einfachbreit）圆锥滚子轴承与车轮轴承单元的连接借助内间隔圈实现，该内间隔圈用作距离保持器和连接机构。该连接优选在预先装配好的单个圆锥滚子轴承的情况下经由卡锁连接在间隔圈和两个内圈之间实现。
本发明的优点尤其见于如下，即，能够提供相对于较耗费的和较昂贵的公知解决方案的成本低廉的替选方案。因此，从商品目录系列轴承（Kataloglager）转换到能由顾客简单装配的、具有寿命保障的封闭式轴承单元是可能的。
其它的优点主要在于材料的使用。基于单个的圆锥滚子轴承的很小的圈宽，塔形毛坯件（Turmrohling）的使用是可能的。由此实现显著降低的对昂贵的滚动轴承钢的材料使用。间隔圈优选由标准的、便宜的结构钢制成，由此在总体上达到成本的减少。
在依据本发明的车轮轴承单元的优选实施形式中外间隔圈在它的端面具有间隔圈型面，该间隔圈型面分别贴靠外圈的端侧上的互补成形的外圈型面。
型面优选地分别为阶梯型面。该阶梯型面能简单地制造，例如通过各个部件的车削部。通过这些型面的规格能够以简单的方式进行轴承间隙的调整。
通过依据本发明的结构来提供封闭式的、不可拆卸的轴承单元。其它有利的实施方案在从属权利要求中说明。
附图说明
接下来借助附图阐述本发明的优选实施形式，其中：
图1示出了装配到轮毂上的车轮轴承单元的剖视图；
图2示出了根据图1的预装配的车轮轴承单元；
图3示出了针对本发明的优选实施形式的外圈的和间隔圈的可能的型面设计；
图4示出了卡锁连接的优选实施形式；
图5示出了针对图4中示出的连接方案的替选实施形式；
图6示出了内间隔圈的细节图；
图7示出了内圈和内间隔圈之间带有密封件的连接；
图8示出了图7中的连接方案的替选实施形式。
具体实施方式
图1示出了装配到轮毂01上的车轮轴承单元的剖视图。该车轮轴承单元包括两个圆锥滚子轴承02，所述圆锥滚子轴承分别带有外圈03、内圈04和布置在其间的作为滚动体的圆锥滚子06。
外间隔圈07布置在外圈03之间，内间隔圈08设置在内圈04之间。经由内间隔圈08和内圈04，轴承单元连接为整体（参见图4和图5）。为了防止污染，密封件09将轴承内部密封。
在预装配的状态下，车轮轴承单元从一侧直至止挡件10地推入/压入车轮轮毂01并且随后利用固定圈11固定在轮毂01中。装配能够基于简单的轮毂形状利用常规工具无需特殊知识地进行。
图2示出了在预装配状态下的车轮轴承单元，如它能够示例性地在备用件交易中所提供的那样。车轮轴承单元的部件与之前描述的部件是相同的。
在外圈03和外间隔圈07之间形成有基本上呈阶梯形的连接接缝12。外圈03和外间隔圈07在它们的端侧各具有互补成形的型面13、14（也可参见图3），所述型面优选通过外圈03的车削部13和外间隔圈07的互补的车削部14构造为阶梯型面。利用外间隔圈处的连接接缝12，轴承间隙能被调整，也就是说，一个轴承圈相对于另一个轴承圈沿径向方向（径向间隙）或沿轴向方向（轴向间隙）在没有测量载荷的情况下从一个边界位置到另一个边界位置所能移动的量能被调整。
优选通过卡锁连接（在图2中未示出）经由内间隔圈08进行轴承单元的连接。内圈04和内间隔圈08之间也基本上呈阶梯形地分布着连接接缝15。卡锁连接在图4和图5的优选实施形式中示出。该卡锁连接不仅能够在内间隔圈08的和内圈04的外直径处实现（图4），也能够在内直径处实现（图5）。
在图4中示出的实施形式中，径向凹口16在连接接缝15的区域中嵌入内圈04的外轮廓，而径向凹口17引入内间隔圈08的内轮廓。
在图5中示出的实施形式中，径向凹口16引入内圈04的内轮廓，而径向凹口17设置在内间隔圈08的外轮廓中。
在这两个之前所述的实施形式中，径向延伸的卡锁元件18、19均在轴向方向上接在凹口16、17上，所述卡锁元件在卡入连接时分别卡入另一个部件的凹口。
必要时，为了使车轮轴承单元的装配变得容易，可以于内间隔圈08中在周向分散地布置有轴向分布的狭隙20，如图6中示出的那样。由此，实现了在内圈04和内间隔圈08连接时的卡锁元件19的弹簧作用。这些卡锁连接的设计对于本领域技术人员来说是公知的，因此在这里舍弃了进一步的细节。
在图7和图8中示出了附加的密封件21的使用。该密封件优选使用在后桥支承装置中。密封件21布置在凹槽22中，该凹槽在连接接缝15闭合的情况下沿径向方向构造于内圈04和内间隔圈08之间。凹槽22的底面23大于凹槽22的径向开口。这样的密封件示例性地在DE102006026443A1中描述。
附图标记列表
01     轮毂
02     圆锥滚子轴承
03     外圈
04     内圈
05     -
06     圆锥滚子
07     外间隔圈
08     内间隔圈
09     密封件
10     止挡件
11     固定圈
12     连接接缝
13     车削部
14     车削部
15     连接接缝
16     凹口
17     凹口
18     卡锁元件
19     卡锁元件
20     狭隙
21     密封件
22     凹槽
23     底面

Claims (9)

1.带有两个镜像布置的圆锥滚子轴承(02)的车轮轴承单元，所述圆锥滚子轴承分别带有内圈(04)和外圈(03)，其中，所述内圈(04)的连接经由连接机构建立，其特征在于，所述车轮轴承单元还包括内间隔圈(08)和外间隔圈(07)，它们沿轴向方向布置在所述圆锥滚子轴承(02)的内圈(04)之间或外圈(03)之间，其中，所述的内间隔圈(08)作为所述连接机构，所述外间隔圈(07)在它的端面具有间隔圈型面，所述间隔圈型面分别以形成连接接缝(12)的方式贴靠在所述外圈的互补成形的外圈型面上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车轮轴承单元，其特征在于，所述间隔圈型面是阶梯型面。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车轮轴承单元，其特征在于，所述内圈(04)借助卡锁连接(16、17、18、19)与所述内间隔圈(08)连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车轮轴承单元，其特征在于，在所述内圈(04)和所述内间隔圈(08)处的卡锁连接通过径向的凹口(16、17)和各在轴向方向上接在所述凹口上的保持钩(18、19)形成，其中，为了装配所述车轮轴承单元，所述内圈(04)的或所述内间隔圈(08)的保持钩(18、19)能分别卡入所述间隔圈(08)的或所述内圈(04)的凹口(16、17)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的车轮轴承单元，其特征在于，所述内圈(04)的凹口(16)和保持钩(18)设置在所述内圈(04)的外周上并且所述内间隔圈(08)的凹口(17)和保持钩(19)设置在所述内间隔圈(08)的内周上。
6.根据权利要求4所述的车轮轴承单元，其特征在于，所述内圈(04)的凹口(16)和保持钩(18)设置在所述内圈(04)的内周上并且所述内间隔圈(08)的凹口(17)和保持钩(19)设置在所述内间隔圈(08)的外周上。
7.根据权利要求3所述的车轮轴承单元，其特征在于，所述内间隔圈(08)在它的端侧具有至少一个轴向分布的狭隙(20)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的车轮轴承单元，其特征在于，它还具有密封件(21)，所述密封件分别布置在所述内圈(04)和所述内间隔圈之间。
9.根据权利要求1所述的车轮轴承单元，其特征在于，它还具有外密封件，所述外密封件分别布置在所述外圈和所述外间隔圈之间。
CN201180039584.8A 2010-08-09 2011-05-23 车轮轴承单元 Expired - Fee Related CN103069182B (zh)

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BR112013003063A2 (pt) 2018-10-09
ES2460790A2 (es) 2014-05-14
ES2460790R1 (es) 2014-06-20
ES2460790B1 (es) 2014-11-18
CN103069182A (zh) 2013-04-24
WO2012019799A1 (de) 2012-02-16
DE102010033823A1 (de) 2011-02-24
US8764305B2 (en) 2014-07-01
RU2013110303A (ru) 2014-09-20

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