CN103053385A - Mobile multifunctional constant-pressure irrigation fertilizer distributor and irrigation and fertilizer distribution method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of farmland irrigation and fertilization, and discloses a mobile multifunctional constant-pressure irrigation and fertilization machine and an irrigation and fertilization method thereof, including a main pipeline for transporting water and fertilizer mixture; a water pump for extracting water to the main pipeline. Irrigation water and adjusting the water intake of the irrigation water, and pressurizing the irrigation water under the control of the frequency conversion constant pressure control device; the fertilizer applicator is used to deliver fertilizer and nutrient solution to the main pipeline; the frequency conversion constant pressure The control device is connected to the main pipeline through a pressure sensor, and is used for receiving the pressure signal collected by the pressure sensor and controlling the rotation speed of the water pump. Through the fertilizer and its irrigation and fertilization method of the present invention, the irrigation pressure and flow can be controlled at the same time, which can not only ensure the stability of the fertilization concentration in the system, but also prevent the irrigation system from being blocked and corroded, so as to meet the requirements of uniform and high-quality irrigation and fertilization in the field, and To achieve the purpose of energy saving.

Description

Mobile multifunctional constant pressure irrigation and fertilization machine and irrigation and fertilization method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of farmland irrigation and fertilization, and in particular relates to a mobile multifunctional constant-pressure irrigation and fertilization machine and an irrigation and fertilization method thereof.

Background technique

In recent years, with the continuous warming of the global climate, the frequency, severity and duration of extreme weather and climate events have increased rapidly, seriously affecting the survival of human beings and the sustainable development of society. Strengthening the construction of water supply projects and changing the scattered and passive drought response methods are the main measures to prevent the impact of drought disasters on crops.

Sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation technologies are important water-saving measures in the field irrigation process in my country. As of 2010, the sprinkler irrigation area in my country was 45.38 million mu, accounting for 11.1% of the total irrigated area, and the micro-irrigation area was 31.74 million mu, accounting for 7.7% of the total irrigated area. Because most of my country's farmland is a decentralized management model, sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation areas are often in a staggered distribution state. Compared with surface irrigation technology, sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation have the advantages of saving water, saving labor, occupying less cultivated land, improving yield and quality, having strong applicability to terrain and soil quality, and being able to maintain water and soil. They are widely used except in northern my country. In addition, as a symbol of modern agricultural development, they have also been applied in southern my country, and have gradually become the main irrigation method for facility agriculture and economic crops. At present, the advantages of water and fertilizer integration of spraying and micro-irrigation technology are gradually being recognized by people, and it is becoming an important measure with the functions of replenishing water and fertilizer, effectively increasing crop yield, improving taste, and increasing comprehensive nutritional content.

According to the "Technical Specifications for Sprinkler Irrigation Engineering" and "Technical Specifications for Micro-irrigation Engineering", the first pivotal equipment of sprinkler and micro-irrigation systems includes water pumps, power machines, fertilization and pesticide application equipment, filters, measuring devices and protection equipment. A part of the system is often fixedly installed in the pump room to control the irrigation and fertilization of the corresponding area. When the system control area is small, the first hub equipment occupies a large proportion in the system investment, which becomes one of the main limiting factors for the promotion and application of sprinkler and micro-irrigation systems. In addition, in semi-humid or semi-arid and slightly humid areas, sprinkler and micro-irrigation systems are often used as drought-resistant equipment for replenishing water and fertilizer/nutrient solutions in critical periods. If the first hub equipment is still fixedly installed in the pump room, its idle rate will Will greatly increase, will undoubtedly cause a waste of resources.

The design flow and design pressure of the system are important considerations in the selection of the first pivotal equipment of the sprinkler and micro-irrigation system engineering. The design flow rate of sprinkler and micro-irrigation systems is determined by the flow rate of a single sprinkler or dripper and the number of them working at the same time. The design pressure of the dripper and the working pressure of the sprinkler head are one of the important components of the system pressure. Meeting the pressure requirements of the emitter is the guarantee of uniform and high-quality irrigation in the field. For decades, the commonly used value of the design water head of the dripper is 10m (equivalent to the working pressure of 0.1MPa). Although there is a tendency to take it smaller in recent years, it is still mostly between 7 and 10m. According to the working pressure and range, the nozzles can be divided into four categories: micro pressure, low pressure, medium pressure and high pressure. The working pressure is 0.05~0.5MPa. In addition, in order to ensure stable and uniform fertilizer absorption by the spraying and micro-irrigation system, and to ensure the concentration of the mixed fertilizer solution, and to realize the precise and controllable integrated irrigation method of irrigation and fertilization, it is necessary to maintain a certain pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the fertilization device. .

Chinese patent CN202026657U discloses a mobile irrigation and fertilizer applicator, including a pump and a fertilizer dissolving bucket installed on a trolley; the pump has two suction ports, one for receiving water source, the other for receiving water and fertilizer liquid, and the discharge of the pump The outlet is used to connect to the field hose, and the front end of the outlet is equipped with a filter; the inlet and outlet ends of the filter are equipped with pressure detection instruments; the device can realize the control of irrigation pressure and flow by adjusting the throttle of the pump. However, this method can only control the irrigation pressure or flow alone, and cannot realize the combined control of the two, which brings inconvenience to irrigation and fertigation.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mobile multifunctional constant pressure irrigation and fertilizer applicator, which can simultaneously control irrigation pressure and flow.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A mobile multi-functional constant pressure irrigation and fertigation machine, comprising: a main pipeline for transporting water-fertilizer mixture; a water pump for extracting irrigation water to the main pipeline and adjusting the water intake of the irrigation water, The irrigation water is pressurized under the regulation of the constant pressure control device; the fertilizer applicator is used to deliver fertilizer and nutrient solution to the main pipeline; the frequency conversion constant pressure control device is connected to the main pipeline through a pressure sensor for The pressure signal collected by the pressure sensor is received to control the speed of the water pump.

Further: one end of the main pipeline is a water outlet pipe, and a laminated filter is arranged on the main pipeline between the fertilizer applicator and the water outlet pipe.

Further: the main pipeline is provided with a main pipeline gate valve to adjust the working flow and pressure range.

Further, it also includes: a first pressure gauge, a second pressure gauge, a fertilizer applicator gate valve and a fertilization tank, the first pressure gauge and the second pressure gauge are used to measure the pressure at both ends of the inlet and outlet of the fertilizer applicator, Installed between the fertilizer applicator and the main pipeline; the fertilizer gate valve is arranged on the fertilizer for adjusting the pressure difference at both ends of the fertilizer; the fertilizer tank is connected to the fertilizer .

Further, it also includes: a water inlet pipe and a water meter, the water inlet pipe is connected to the water pump, the water meter is used to measure the amount of irrigation fertilizer, and is installed at the water outlet of the main pipeline.

Further: a power machine is also included, the power machine is respectively connected with the water pump and the frequency conversion constant pressure device, and is used to provide power for the operation of the water pump.

Further: it also includes an electric vehicle, the power machine, the water pump, the frequency conversion constant pressure control device and the fertilization tank are fixedly arranged on the electric vehicle.

Further: it also includes a quick connector, which is used for quick connection between the outlet pipe and pipes of different diameters in the field irrigation system; the connection is established between the following at least two components: the main pipe, the water inlet pipe, The water pump, the first pressure gauge, the second pressure gauge, the gate valve of the main pipeline, the water meter, the fertilizer applicator and the water outlet pipe.

The technical effects of the technical solution of the present invention are as follows:

1. The present invention can simultaneously control the irrigation pressure and flow by setting the frequency conversion constant pressure control device, to ensure uniform and high-quality irrigation and fertilization in the field, and to achieve the purpose of energy saving.

2. The present invention can apply multiple fertilizers and nutrient solutions at the same time through the parallel arrangement of fertilizer applicators.

Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an irrigation and fertilization method using a mobile multifunctional constant-pressure irrigation and fertilization machine, which can be applied to various types of spraying and micro-irrigation systems, and can meet the requirements of drought resistance and Water and fertilizer integration needs.

Another technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

An irrigation and fertilization method using a mobile multi-functional constant-pressure irrigation and fertilization machine, comprising: performing equipment selection on the mobile multi-functional constant-pressure irrigation and fertilization machine and assembling the mobile multi-functional constant-pressure irrigation and fertilization machine according to equipment selection. Fertilizer; set the working parameters of the frequency conversion constant pressure control device according to the working pressure required by the field irrigation system; set the working pressure of the fertilizer according to the hydraulic performance of the fertilizer; calculate the fertilization time according to the AmosTeitch empirical formula, and use the mobile multi- The function constant pressure irrigation and fertilization machine performs irrigation and fertilization according to the fertilization irrigation method of 1/4 time irrigation-1/2 time fertilization-1/4 time irrigation.

Further, the equipment type selection includes: investigating and counting the maximum flow rate, minimum flow rate and working pressure variation range of all sprinkler and micro-irrigation systems in the working area of the mobile multifunctional constant pressure irrigation and fertilizer applicator; according to the maximum working pressure should not If it exceeds 2/3 of the range, the minimum working pressure should not be lower than 1/3 of the range to select the first pressure gauge and the second pressure gauge; the maximum flow rate is used as the rated flow rate of the pump, and the maximum lift is enlarged by 5%~ After 10% is used as the rated head of the water pump, check the series type spectrum of the water pump to determine the model of the water pump; after selecting the water pump, calculate the shaft power of the water pump and the equipped power of the power machine, and select the power machine; after selecting the power machine, according to The power of the frequency conversion constant voltage control device is equal to the rated power of the power machine, and the selection of the frequency conversion constant voltage control device is carried out.

The technical effect of another technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

1. Through the selection of water pumps, power machines and frequency conversion constant pressure control devices, the mobile multifunctional constant pressure irrigation and fertilizer applicator has a large pressure and flow adjustment range, and can be applied to various types of spraying and micro-irrigation systems. Meet the needs of drought resistance and water and fertilizer integration in the area to be controlled by the fertilizer applicator, and achieve the purpose of energy saving.

2. Irrigate and fertilize according to the fertilization and irrigation method of 1/4 time irrigation-1/2 time fertilization-1/4 time irrigation, which can not only ensure the stability of the fertilization concentration of the system, but also prevent the irrigation system from being blocked and corroded, so as to meet the uniform high Quality irrigation and fertilization requirements.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of mobile multifunctional constant pressure irrigation and fertilizer applicator of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the irrigation and fertilization method using the mobile multifunctional constant-pressure irrigation and fertilizer applicator of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

As shown in Fig. 1, it is a schematic structural view of the mobile multifunctional constant pressure irrigation and fertilization machine of the present invention. The mobile multifunctional constant-pressure irrigation and fertilization machine of the present invention includes a main pipeline 9, a water inlet pipe 4, a power machine 1, a water pump 2, a frequency conversion constant pressure control device 3, a fertilizer applicator 7, a fertilization tank 13, an outlet pipe 12 and an electric vehicle 14. The power machine 1, the water pump 2, the frequency conversion constant pressure control device 3 and the fertilization tank 13 are fixedly arranged on the electric vehicle 14. Electric car 14 is as the mobile equipment of mobile multifunctional constant pressure irrigation and fertilizer applicator, and is responsible for its convenient and rapid movement to the next position that needs irrigation after irrigation finishes. The main pipeline 9 is used to transport the water-fertilizer mixture. The water pump 2 communicates with the water inlet pipe 4 and the main pipe 9 respectively, and is used for extracting irrigation water to the main pipe 9 and adjusting the water intake of the irrigation water, and pressurizes the irrigation water under the control of the frequency conversion constant pressure control device 3 . The power machine 1 is connected to the water pump 2 and is used to provide power for the operation of the water pump 2 . The frequency conversion constant voltage control device 3 is connected with the power machine 1 . The variable frequency constant pressure control device 3 is also connected to the main pipeline 9 through a pressure sensor 15 , and the pressure sensor 15 is arranged on a side of the main pipeline 9 close to the water outlet pipe 12 . The variable frequency constant pressure control device 3 receives the pressure signal collected by the pressure sensor 15 and controls the speed of the power machine 1 and the water pump 2 . The variable frequency constant pressure control device 3 can simultaneously control the irrigation pressure and the flow rate to ensure uniform and high-quality irrigation and fertilization. The fertilizer applicator 7 communicates with the fertilization tank 13 for delivering fertilizer and nutrient solution to the main pipeline 9 . In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fertilizer applicator 7 is a Venturi fertilizer applicator. For the Venturi fertilizer applicator, when the inlet pressure is small, the amount of fertilizer absorption increases with the increase of the pressure difference; when the inlet pressure is high (0.20~0.50MPa), the amount of fertilizer absorption is not greatly affected by the pressure difference. Multiple fertilizer applicators 7 can be set in parallel, the number of which is determined by the types of fertilizers and nutrient solutions applied at the same time. By applying the fertilizer/nutrient solution solution uniformly in proportion to the irrigation system, the mobile multi-functional constant pressure irrigation and fertilizer applicator can be guaranteed to spray. , The commonality in the micro-irrigation system and the realization of its integrated function of water and fertilizer. The main pipe 9 communicates with the outlet pipe 12 . A filter 10 is arranged on the main pipeline 9 between the fertilizer applicator 7 and the water outlet pipe 12 . The filter 10 is used for filtering the water-fertilizer mixture, so as to avoid the clogging of the pipeline system and the sprinkler and prolong its service life. The filter 10 is a laminated filter. The main pipeline 9 is provided with a main pipeline gate valve 5 . The gate valve 5 of the main pipeline is used in conjunction with the frequency conversion constant pressure control device 3 to adapt to different working flow and pressure ranges and ensure that the water pump 2 operates in a high-efficiency zone. A first pressure gauge 6 and a second pressure gauge 16 are respectively arranged between the fertilizer applicator 7 and the main pipeline 9 . The first pressure gauge 6 and the second pressure gauge 16 are used to measure the pressure at both ends of the inlet and outlet of the fertilizer 7 to ensure the fertilization quality of the water supply system. The fertilizer applicator 7 is provided with a fertilizer applicator gate valve 8 . The fertilizer applicator gate valve 8 is used to adjust the pressure difference at both ends of the fertilizer applicator 7 . Water meter 11 is installed at the water outlet of main pipeline 9, and is used for measuring and recording the amount of irrigation fertilizer.

In addition, the mobile multifunctional constant pressure irrigation and fertilizer applicator uses quick connectors as connection devices. The quick connector is used for the quick connection of the outlet pipe 12 and the pipelines of different diameters of the field irrigation system. The quick connector can also be used to establish a connection between at least two of the following components: main pipeline 9, water inlet pipe 4, water pump 2, first pressure gauge 6, second pressure gauge 16, main pipeline gate valve 5, water meter 11, fertilization Device 7 and outlet pipe 12.

As shown in Fig. 2, it is a flow chart of the irrigation and fertigation method using the mobile multifunctional constant pressure irrigation and fertilizer application machine of the present invention.

The irrigation and fertilization method that adopts mobile multifunctional constant pressure irrigation and fertilizer applicator of the present invention is as follows:

Step S1: Investigate sprinkler and micro-irrigation systems

Investigate and count the maximum flow, minimum flow and working pressure variation range of all sprinkler and micro-irrigation systems in the working area of the mobile multifunctional constant-pressure irrigation and fertilizer applicator.

Step S2: Selection of the first pressure gauge 6 and the second pressure gauge 16

The first pressure gauge 6 and the second pressure gauge 16 are selected according to the principle that the maximum working pressure should not exceed 2/3 of the range and the minimum working pressure should not be lower than 1/3 of the range.

Step S3: Type selection of water pump 2

Take the maximum flow rate as the rated flow rate of the water pump 2, and the maximum head amplified by 5%~10% as the rated head of the water pump 2, check the series type spectrum of the water pump 2 to determine the model of the water pump 2.

Step S4: Type selection of power machine 1

After selecting the water pump, calculate the shaft power of the water pump 2 and the equipped power of the power machine 1, and select the power machine 1.

Step S5: Type selection of variable frequency constant voltage control device 3

After the power machine is selected, the frequency conversion constant voltage control device 3 (for example, frequency converter) is selected according to the principle that the power of the frequency conversion constant voltage control device 3 is equal to the rated power of the power machine 1 .

Step S6: Assemble the mobile multifunctional constant pressure fertigation machine

Assemble the mobile multi-functional constant pressure irrigation and fertilizer applicator, select the quick connector for the quick connection of the outlet pipe 12 and the pipes of different diameters in the field irrigation system, and the quick connection between different components of the mobile multi-functional constant pressure irrigation and fertilizer applicator connect.

Step S7: Setting the working parameters of the variable frequency constant voltage control device 3

The working parameters of the variable frequency constant pressure control device 3 are set according to the required working pressure of the field irrigation system. During the irrigation process, when the flow rate changes, the pressure sensor 15 samples the water pressure of the pipe network, converts the pressure signal into an electrical signal, and sends it to the regulator inside the frequency conversion constant pressure control device 3 and the user-set The pressure value is compared and calculated, and then the result is converted into a frequency adjustment signal to adjust the power frequency of the power machine 1, so as to adjust the speed of the water pump 2 and keep the water pressure of the pipe network constant.

Step S8: Setting the working pressure of the fertilizer applicator 7

In order to ensure the normal operation of the fertilizer applicator, a certain pressure difference needs to be formed at both ends of the fertilizer applicator 7 . The minimum differential pressure when the fertilizer applicator 7 works normally is called the critical differential pressure ΔP _min . The critical pressure difference ΔP _min is linearly positively correlated with the inlet pressure P ₁ . According to the reading P ₁ of the first pressure gauge 6 and the critical pressure difference ΔP _min, the value of the second pressure gauge 16 is set by adjusting the gate valve 8 of the fertilizer applicator to realize the setting of the working pressure of the fertilizer applicator 7 .

Step S9: Irrigate and fertilize according to the method of fertilization

Calculate the fertilization time according to the AmosTeitch empirical formula. A mobile multi-functional constant pressure irrigation and fertilization machine is used to perform irrigation and fertilization according to the fertilization and irrigation method of 1/4 time irrigation-1/2 time fertilization-1/4 time irrigation. After 1/4 time irrigation, the system pressure is stabilized, which can ensure the stability of the fertilization concentration during 1/2 time fertilization. After fertilization, 1/4 time irrigation is used to clean the pipe network to prevent system blockage and corrosion.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only some of the specific implementation modes of the present invention, and the usual changes and substitutions performed by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a multifunctional mobile constant irrigation fertilizer distributor is characterized in that, comprising:

Trunk line is for delivery of the liquid manure mixed liquor;

Water pump is used for extracting to the irrigation water of described trunk line and the inflow of the described irrigation water of adjusting, and the described irrigation water that pressurizes under the regulation and control of frequency conversion and unvarying pressure control device;

Fertilizer applicator is used for carrying fertilizer and nutrient solution to described trunk line;

Described frequency conversion and unvarying pressure control device, by pressure sensor be connected trunk line and connect, be used for receiving the pressure signal that described pressure sensor gathers, control the rotating speed of described water pump.

2. multifunctional mobile constant irrigation fertilizer distributor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: an end of described trunk line is outlet pipe, is provided with laminated filter on the trunk line between described fertilizer applicator and the described outlet pipe.

3. multifunctional mobile constant irrigation fertilizer distributor as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: be provided with the trunk line gate valve of regulating working flow and pressure limit on the described trunk line.

4. multifunctional mobile constant irrigation fertilizer distributor as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: also comprise: the first manometer, the second manometer, fertilizer applicator gate valve and fertilizer spreading tank, described the first manometer and described the second manometer are installed between described fertilizer applicator and the described trunk line for the pressure at two ends of the import and export of measuring described fertilizer applicator; Described fertilizer applicator gate valve is arranged on the described fertilizer applicator, is used for the pressure differential of regulating described fertilizer applicator two ends; Described fertilizer spreading tank be connected fertilizer applicator and connect.

5. multifunctional mobile constant irrigation fertilizer distributor as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: also comprise: water inlet pipe and water meter, described water inlet pipe be connected water pump and connect, described water meter is used for measuring the amount of irrigating fertilizer, is installed in the delivery port of described trunk line.

6. multifunctional mobile constant irrigation fertilizer distributor as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: also comprise engine, described engine respectively be connected water pump and frequency-changing pressure stabilizing device and connect, be used to the operation of described water pump that power is provided.

7. multifunctional mobile constant irrigation fertilizer distributor as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: also comprise electric motor car, described engine, described water pump, described frequency conversion and unvarying pressure control device and described fertilizer spreading tank are fixedly installed in the described electric motor car.

8. multifunctional mobile constant irrigation fertilizer distributor as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: also comprise snap joint, described snap joint is used for described outlet pipe and is connected with the quick of pipeline of field irrigation system different-diameter; Between following at least two parts, connect: described trunk line, described water inlet pipe, described water pump, described the first manometer, described the second manometer, described trunk line gate valve, described water meter, described fertilizer applicator and described outlet pipe.

9. a fertigation method that adopts multifunctional mobile constant irrigation fertilizer distributor claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, comprising:

Described multifunctional mobile constant irrigation fertilizer distributor is carried out lectotype selection and assembles described multifunctional mobile constant irrigation fertilizer distributor according to lectotype selection;

The running parameter of frequency conversion and unvarying pressure control device is set according to the required operating pressure of field irrigation system;

Set the operating pressure of described fertilizer applicator according to the hydraulic performance of fertilizer applicator;

Calculate fertilization time according to the AmosTeitch empirical equation, the fertilizer irrigation method that adopts described multifunctional mobile constant irrigation fertilizer distributor to pour water according to-1/4 time of applying fertilizer-1/2 time of pouring water 1/4 time is carried out fertigation.

10. the fertigation method of multifunctional mobile constant irrigation fertilizer distributor as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described lectotype selection comprises:

Maximum stream flow, minimum discharge and the change of pressure scope of all sprays in the working region of the described multifunctional mobile constant irrigation fertilizer distributor of investigation statistics, irrigation system;

Should not surpass 2/3 of range according to maximum working pressure (MWP), minimum working pressure power should be not less than 1/3 principle of range and carry out the first manometer and the second manometric type selecting;

With metered flow, H-Max amplification 5% ~ 10% rear rated head as water pump of maximum stream flow as water pump, the series type spectrogram of looking into water pump is determined the model of water pump;

After choosing water pump, calculate the shaft power of water pump and the matched power of engine, carry out the type selecting of engine;

After choosing engine, equal the rated power principle of engine according to the power of frequency conversion and unvarying pressure control device, carry out the type selecting of frequency conversion and unvarying pressure control device.

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