CN103049984B - Combustible gas alarm instrument based on Wireless HART communication technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于Wireless HART通信技术的可燃气体报警仪，包括MSP430单片机，通过不同的端口分别连接信号调理电路以及WIA无线通信模块，信号调理电路连接可燃气体传感器；可燃气体传感器检测可燃气体的浓度，转换成对应的电信号至信号调理电路放大处理后输入到单片机；单片机对输入的信号进行模数转换，得到对应的数字量，经数据分析、阈值比较，判断是否达到报警值，若达到，则将报警信号通过全双工串口发送给WIA无线通信模块；WIA无线通信模块采用WIAPA-M1800无线适配器，本发明无需铺设电缆，具有很强的抗干扰能力、超低功耗、实时无线通信等优点。
The invention discloses a combustible gas alarm device based on Wireless HART communication technology, which includes an MSP430 single-chip microcomputer, which is respectively connected to a signal conditioning circuit and a WIA wireless communication module through different ports, and the signal conditioning circuit is connected to a combustible gas sensor; the combustible gas sensor detects combustible gas The concentration is converted into a corresponding electrical signal, amplified by the signal conditioning circuit, and then input to the single-chip microcomputer; the single-chip microcomputer performs analog-to-digital conversion on the input signal to obtain the corresponding digital quantity. After data analysis and threshold comparison, it is judged whether the alarm value is reached. , the alarm signal is sent to the WIA wireless communication module through the full-duplex serial port; the WIA wireless communication module adopts the WIAPA-M1800 wireless adapter, the invention does not need to lay cables, and has strong anti-interference ability, ultra-low power consumption, and real-time wireless communication Etc.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及高精度测量及实时监测领域，具体是一种可燃气体报警仪，对石油化工等企业生成过程中的可燃气体浓度进行精确检测，并可以通过Wireless HART（无线HART通信协议）通信方式实时传输的检测仪器，适合在恶劣的工业现场环境中使用。 The invention relates to the field of high-precision measurement and real-time monitoring, specifically a combustible gas alarm device, which can accurately detect the concentration of combustible gas in the production process of petrochemical and other enterprises, and can real-time monitor through Wireless HART (wireless HART communication protocol) communication mode The transmission detection instrument is suitable for use in harsh industrial field environments.
背景技术 Background technique
在工业生产中，无论是生产、加工原料还是燃料，经常会有一些可燃性气体，如氢气、甲烷和液化石油气等，这些气体一旦发生泄漏很容易导致燃烧甚至是发生爆炸，严重时会造成人员伤亡和财产损失，所以在这些场合安装可燃气体报警仪就显得特别重要。但目前可燃气体报警仪普遍采用有线方式传输检测信号。以有线连接方式存在着以下几个问题：1、维护困难、成本高。当电缆线路发生故障或者要更改线路时，势必要重新铺设电缆，这一方面现场施工有困难，另一方面原有线路被抛弃而无法利用，造成浪费增加成本。2、灵活性差。检测网络架设好后，要进行变更是相当困难的，而增加设备又要铺设更多的电缆，随着年代的增长，甚至会出现电缆线路已饱和无法再重新铺设更多的电缆这样的问题。3、适用范围窄。有线方式对于地域广、设备分散的应用场合并不适用，因为铺设电缆难度大且不太方便。显然，采用无线方式的需求越来越迫切，同时事实也证明，无线网络技术更有利于现场数据的控制和管理。 In industrial production, whether it is producing or processing raw materials or fuels, there are often some flammable gases, such as hydrogen, methane and liquefied petroleum gas, etc. Once these gases leak, it is easy to cause combustion or even an explosion. In severe cases, it will cause Casualties and property losses, so it is particularly important to install combustible gas alarms in these occasions. But at present combustible gas alarm generally adopts the wired mode to transmit the detection signal. The following problems exist in the wired connection mode: 1. Difficult maintenance and high cost. When the cable line breaks down or the line needs to be changed, it is necessary to re-lay the cable. On the one hand, it is difficult to construct the site, and on the other hand, the original line is abandoned and cannot be used, resulting in waste and increased costs. 2. Poor flexibility. After the detection network is set up, it is quite difficult to make changes, and adding more equipment requires laying more cables. With the growth of the age, there may even be problems such as the cable line is saturated and no more cables can be re-laid. 3. The scope of application is narrow. The wired method is not suitable for applications with a wide area and scattered equipment, because laying cables is difficult and inconvenient. Apparently, the need to adopt wireless methods is becoming more and more urgent, and it has also been proved that wireless network technology is more conducive to the control and management of on-site data.
目前，无线网络以其组网灵活、投资少、维护简单等优点正在成为工控领域的应用热点。工控领域中应用的无线网络技术有好几种，其中的Wireless HART协议对现有HART设备仪表有良好的兼容性，是一种专门为工业过程自动化应用设计的无线网格型网络通信协议，以HART协议为基础，采用工作于2.4GHz ISM（Industrial Scientific Medical 工业、科学、医学）射频频段，具有安全、稳健的网格拓扑联网技术。Wireless HART通信技术向后兼容于现有的HART设备仪表，并进行了功能补充和应用拓展，现有的HART应用无需进行任何软件升级，都可以利用Wireless HART协议。 At present, the wireless network is becoming a hot spot in the field of industrial control due to its advantages such as flexible networking, low investment, and simple maintenance. There are several wireless network technologies used in the field of industrial control. Among them, the Wireless HART protocol has good compatibility with existing HART equipment and instruments. It is a wireless mesh network communication protocol specially designed for industrial process automation applications. Based on the HART protocol, it works in the 2.4GHz ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical) radio frequency band, and has a safe and robust grid topology networking technology. Wireless HART communication technology is backward compatible with existing HART equipment and instruments, and has carried out function supplements and application expansion. Existing HART applications can use Wireless HART protocol without any software upgrade.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有以有线方式传输信号的可燃气体报警仪表存在的不足，提出一种基于Wireless HART通信技术的可燃气体报警仪，无需维护、成本低、灵活性好，适用范围广泛。 Aiming at the shortcomings of existing flammable gas alarm instruments that transmit signals in a wired manner, the present invention proposes a flammable gas alarm instrument based on Wireless HART communication technology, which requires no maintenance, low cost, good flexibility, and a wide range of applications.
本发明采用的技术方案是：包括MSP430单片机，MSP430单片机通过不同的端口分别连接信号调理电路以及WIA无线通信模块，信号调理电路连接可燃气体传感器；所述可燃气体传感器检测可燃气体的浓度，转换成对应的电信号至信号调理电路放大处理，放大后的信号输入到MSP430单片机；所述MSP430单片机对输入的信号进行模数转换，得到对应的数字量，经数据分析、阈值比较，判断是否达到报警值，若达到，则将报警信号通过全双工串口发送给WIA无线通信模块；所述WIA无线通信模块采用WIAPA-M1800无线适配器，以Wireless HART方式将数据发送到上位机，进行发送与接收串口数据，提供同步时间戳信息、本地配置信息及诊断信息的一个命令接口；所述MSP430单片机与所述WIAPA-M1800之间的所有报文全部以数据链路控制HDLC包格式成帧，对应每个命令成一帧，包含1个字节的起始位，n个字节的信息，2个字节的校验位和1个字节的截止位，信息中包含了命令号和数据。 The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: comprise MSP430 single-chip microcomputer, MSP430 single-chip microcomputer connects signal conditioning circuit and WIA wireless communication module respectively through different ports, and signal conditioning circuit connects combustible gas sensor; Said combustible gas sensor detects the concentration of combustible gas, converts The corresponding electrical signal is amplified and processed by the signal conditioning circuit, and the amplified signal is input to the MSP430 single-chip microcomputer; the MSP430 single-chip microcomputer performs analog-to-digital conversion on the input signal to obtain the corresponding digital quantity, and after data analysis and threshold value comparison, it is judged whether the alarm is reached value, if reached, the alarm signal is sent to the WIA wireless communication module through the full-duplex serial port; the WIA wireless communication module uses the WIAPA-M1800 wireless adapter to send the data to the upper computer in the Wireless HART mode, and sends and receives the serial port Data, a command interface that provides synchronous timestamp information, local configuration information and diagnostic information; all messages between the MSP430 microcontroller and the WIAPA-M1800 are framed in the data link control HDLC packet format, corresponding to each The command forms a frame, which includes a start bit of 1 byte, information of n bytes, a parity bit of 2 bytes and a stop bit of 1 byte. The information includes the command number and data.
本发明无需铺设电缆，有利于现场数据的控制和管理。具有很强的抗干扰能力、超低功耗、实时无线通信等优点；适用于地域广、设备分散的应用场合，也适合在恶劣的工业现场环境使用。 The invention does not need to lay cables, and is beneficial to the control and management of on-site data. It has the advantages of strong anti-interference ability, ultra-low power consumption, and real-time wireless communication; it is suitable for applications with a wide area and scattered equipment, and is also suitable for use in harsh industrial field environments.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明基于Wireless HART通信技术的可燃气体报警仪的硬件结构示意图； Fig. 1 is the hardware structural representation of the combustible gas alarm instrument based on Wireless HART communication technology of the present invention;
图2是图1中信号调理电路的结构图； Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the signal conditioning circuit in Fig. 1;
图3是图1中WIA无线通信模块的应用电路原理图； Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the application circuit of the WIA wireless communication module in Fig. 1;
图4是HDLC包格式示意图； Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of HDLC packet format;
图中：5.MSP430单片机；6.可燃气体传感器；7.信号调理电路；8.片外存储器；9.按键电路；10 .WIA无线通信模块；11.声光报警电路；12.LCD显示器；13.电源。 In the figure: 5. MSP430 single-chip microcomputer; 6. Combustible gas sensor; 7. Signal conditioning circuit; 8. Off-chip memory; 9. Button circuit; 10. WIA wireless communication module; 11. Sound and light alarm circuit; 12. LCD display; 13. Power supply.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
如图1所示，本发明包括MSP430单片机5，MSP430单片机5通过不同的端口分别连接信号调理电路7、片外存储器8、按键电路9、WIA无线通信模块10、声光报警电路11、LCD显示器12和电源13。信号调理电路7连接可燃气体传感器6。在报警仪外壳上端开口处安装可燃气体传感器6的可燃气体敏感探头，正面开口处安装LCD显示器12和按键，在外壳内部安装WIA无线通信模块10和主控制器电路板，在外壳右侧开口处安装无线天线。 As shown in Figure 1, the present invention comprises MSP430 single-chip microcomputer 5, and MSP430 single-chip microcomputer 5 connects signal conditioning circuit 7, off-chip memory 8, button circuit 9, WIA wireless communication module 10, sound and light alarm circuit 11, LCD display respectively by different ports 12 and power supply 13. The signal conditioning circuit 7 is connected to the combustible gas sensor 6 . The combustible gas sensitive probe of the combustible gas sensor 6 is installed at the upper opening of the alarm device shell, the LCD display 12 and buttons are installed at the front opening, the WIA wireless communication module 10 and the main controller circuit board are installed inside the shell, and at the opening on the right side of the shell Install a wireless antenna.
通过可燃气体传感器6检测可燃气体的浓度，并转换成对应的电信号VOUT，通过信号线连接到信号调理电路7的Header2输入端进行放大处理，然后将信号输入到MSP430单片机5，MSP430单片机5内置有16位A／D单元，A／D单元对输入的信号进行模数转换，得到对应的数字量，经过MSP430单片机5的数据分析、阈值比较，判断是否达到报警值，若达到，则将报警信号通过全双工串口发送给WIA无线通信模块10，然后再由WIA无线通信模块以Wireless HART方式将数据发送到上位机的报警平台，实现无线远程报警，同时，也以声光报警电路11进行传统声光报警，并且将测量数据通过片外存储器8存储，通过LCD显示器12进行显示；电源13采用3.3V锂电池供电。主控制器电路板中使用3.3V转3V可控开关芯片对模拟部分和数字部分提供所需的电源。按键电路9实现系统复位、阈值设定等功能。 The concentration of the combustible gas is detected by the combustible gas sensor 6, and converted into a corresponding electrical signal V OUT , connected to the Header2 input terminal of the signal conditioning circuit 7 through the signal line for amplification processing, and then the signal is input to the MSP430 single-chip microcomputer 5, MSP430 single-chip microcomputer 5 There is a built-in 16-bit A/D unit. The A/D unit performs analog-to-digital conversion on the input signal to obtain the corresponding digital quantity. After data analysis and threshold comparison of the MSP430 single-chip microcomputer 5, it is judged whether the alarm value is reached. The alarm signal is sent to the WIA wireless communication module 10 through the full-duplex serial port, and then the WIA wireless communication module sends the data to the alarm platform of the upper computer in the Wireless HART mode to realize wireless remote alarm. At the same time, the sound and light alarm circuit 11 Carry out the traditional sound and light alarm, and store the measurement data through the off-chip memory 8, and display it through the LCD display 12; the power supply 13 is powered by a 3.3V lithium battery. The main controller circuit board uses a 3.3V to 3V controllable switch chip to provide the required power for the analog and digital parts. The button circuit 9 realizes functions such as system reset and threshold value setting.
信号调理电路如图2所示，采用高精度仪用放大器LTC2053，对可燃气体传感器TGS6812的输出电信号进行高精度的放大处理。LTC2053的输入偏移电压最大为10μV，共模抑制比CMRR和电源抑制比PSRR可以达到116dB。工作电源采用低电压2.7V电源，消耗电流非常低，典型值为85μA，满足低功耗要求，采用3.3V锂电池供电。 The signal conditioning circuit is shown in Figure 2, using a high-precision instrument amplifier LTC2053 to amplify the output electrical signal of the combustible gas sensor TGS6812 with high precision. The maximum input offset voltage of LTC2053 is 10μV, and the common mode rejection ratio CMRR and power supply rejection ratio PSRR can reach 116dB. The working power supply adopts a low-voltage 2.7V power supply, and the current consumption is very low, the typical value is 85μA, which meets the low power consumption requirements, and is powered by a 3.3V lithium battery.
图2中插座Header2的1号和2号引脚连接放大器TGS6812的输入电信号，电容C17（102）一端接到插座1号引脚，另一端接到插座2号引脚；电阻R2（10K）一端接到插座2号引脚，另一端接到LTC2053的2号引脚；电阻R3（10K）一端接到插座1号引脚，另一端接到LTC2053的3号引脚；电阻R5（10M）一端接到LTC2053的8号引脚，另一端和电阻R6、R8相连；电阻R6（10M）一端和电阻R5、R7、R8相连，另一端接地；电阻R7（1M）一端和电阻R5、R6、R8相连，另一端和插座1号引脚相连；电阻R8（1M）一端和电阻R5、R6、R7相连，另一端和插座2号引脚相连；电容C15（102）一端和插座1号引脚相连，另一端接地；电容C16（102）一端和插座2号引脚相连，另一端接地；电阻R4（10Ω）一端接LTC2053的6号引脚，另一端接地；电容C_feedback（104）一端接LTC2053的6号引脚，另一端接LTC2053的7号引脚；可调电阻Radj_1（100Ω）一端接LTC2053的6号引脚，另一端和中间引脚接LTC2053的7号引脚；LTC2053的1号、4号引脚接地；可调电阻Radj_2（100Ω）一端接LTC2053的1号引脚，另一端接LTC2053的5号引脚，中间引脚接LTC2053的8号引脚；LTC2053的8号引脚接3.3V电源。电容C15和C16有助于吸收射频干扰及抑制在TGS6812的输出端出现的采样干扰。在反馈电路中增加了电容C_feedback可以加速放大器的响应。电阻R5～R8提供高阻抗偏置，能够在输入信号无电压降的情况下使其抗干扰性达到最大。通过调节Radj_1和R4可以方便对电路增益进行编程。 In Figure 2, pins 1 and 2 of the socket Header2 are connected to the input electrical signal of the amplifier TGS6812, one end of the capacitor C17 (102) is connected to the pin 1 of the socket, and the other end is connected to the pin 2 of the socket; resistor R2 (10K) One end is connected to pin 2 of the socket, and the other end is connected to pin 2 of LTC2053; one end of resistor R3 (10K) is connected to pin 1 of the socket, and the other end is connected to pin 3 of LTC2053; resistor R5 (10M) One end is connected to pin 8 of LTC2053, and the other end is connected to resistors R6 and R8; one end of resistor R6 (10M) is connected to resistors R5, R7, R8, and the other end is grounded; one end of resistor R7 (1M) is connected to resistors R5, R6, R8 is connected, and the other end is connected to pin 1 of the socket; one end of resistor R8 (1M) is connected to resistors R5, R6, and R7, and the other end is connected to pin 2 of the socket; one end of capacitor C15 (102) is connected to pin 1 of the socket One end of capacitor C16 (102) is connected to pin 2 of the socket, and the other end is grounded; one end of resistor R4 (10Ω) is connected to pin 6 of LTC2053, and the other end is grounded; one end of capacitor C_feedback (104) is connected to LTC2053 pin 6 of LTC2053, the other end is connected to pin 7 of LTC2053; adjustable resistor Radj_1 (100Ω) is connected to pin 6 of LTC2053 at one end, and the other end and the middle pin are connected to pin 7 of LTC2053; pin 1 of LTC2053 , No. 4 pin is grounded; one end of the adjustable resistor Radj_2 (100Ω) is connected to No. 1 pin of LTC2053, the other end is connected to No. 5 pin of LTC2053, and the middle pin is connected to No. 8 pin of LTC2053; No. 8 pin of LTC2053 Connect to 3.3V power supply. Capacitors C15 and C16 help absorb radio frequency interference and suppress sampling interference that appears at the output of the TGS6812. Adding capacitor C_feedback in the feedback circuit can speed up the response of the amplifier. Resistors R5-R8 provide high-impedance bias, which can maximize its anti-interference performance under the condition of no voltage drop of the input signal. The gain of the circuit can be easily programmed by adjusting Radj_1 and R4.
MSP430单片机5内核是16位RISC处理器，单指令周期，其运算能力和速度和实现超低功耗特性上都具有一定的优势。MSP430F425内部集成16位模数转换控制器、LCD控制器和FLASH控制器，在软件上通过休眠模式减少CPU的运行时间，能够将运行功耗控制在微安级。 MSP430 MCU 5-core is a 16-bit RISC processor with a single instruction cycle, its computing power and speed, and its ultra-low power consumption characteristics have certain advantages. MSP430F425 integrates a 16-bit analog-to-digital conversion controller, LCD controller and FLASH controller. In the software, the CPU running time is reduced through sleep mode, and the running power consumption can be controlled at the microampere level.
WIA无线通信模块10采用具有Wireless HART通信技术的WIAPA-M1800无线适配器，WIAPA-M1800是一种低能耗、短程无线通信设备，工作在全球免费的基于工业标准802.15.4的2.4GHz频段。WIAPA-M1800集成了SIA2420无线模块及WIA-PA核心协议，可以连接现场仪表设备，使其可以接入无线网络中，并且具备网络路由功能，以Wireless HART方式进行数据通信。 The WIA wireless communication module 10 adopts the WIAPA-M1800 wireless adapter with Wireless HART communication technology. WIAPA-M1800 is a low-energy, short-range wireless communication device that works in the global free 2.4GHz frequency band based on the industry standard 802.15.4. WIAPA-M1800 integrates SIA2420 wireless module and WIA-PA core protocol, which can be connected to field instrumentation equipment, so that it can be connected to the wireless network, and has the function of network routing, and performs data communication in the way of Wireless HART.
MSP430单片机5通过全双工串口P3.4/UTXD0和P3.5/URXD0引脚分别与WIAPA-M1800提供的串口P3.7/RXD和P3.6/TXD引脚相连，WIAPA-M1800应用电路原理图如图3所示。串口传输参数为1位起始位、8位数据位和1位停止位，波特率为9600。通过这个端口，WIAPA-M1800能够通过无线网络进行发送与接收串口数据，以及提供同步时间戳信息、本地配置信息及诊断信息的一个命令接口。 The MSP430 single chip microcomputer 5 is connected to the serial port P3.7/RXD and P3.6/TXD pins provided by WIAPA-M1800 through the full-duplex serial port P3.4/UTXD0 and P3.5/URXD0 pins respectively, WIAPA-M1800 application circuit principle The picture is shown in Figure 3. The serial port transmission parameters are 1 start bit, 8 data bits and 1 stop bit, and the baud rate is 9600. Through this port, WIAPA-M1800 can send and receive serial port data through the wireless network, and provide a command interface for synchronizing time stamp information, local configuration information and diagnostic information.
MSP430单片机5与WIAPA-M1800之间的所有报文全部以高级数据链路控制HDLC（High level Data Link Control）包格式成帧，对应每个命令成一帧。HDLC包格式如图4所示。包含1个字节的起始位（0X7E），n个字节的信息（HDLC负载），2个字节的校验位和1个字节的截止位（0X7E），其中信息中包含了命令号和数据。命令号占1个字节，主要命令号有0x11表示写设备Network ID，0x12表示读设备Network ID，0x13表示设置设备MAC地址，0x14表示读取设备MAC地址，0x17表示数据透明上传，0x18表示数据透明下发。 All messages between MSP430 MCU 5 and WIAPA-M1800 are framed in HDLC (High level Data Link Control) packet format, corresponding to each command into a frame. The HDLC packet format is shown in Figure 4. Contains 1 byte of start bit (0X7E), n bytes of information (HDLC load), 2 bytes of check digit and 1 byte of end bit (0X7E), where the information contains commands number and data. The command number occupies 1 byte, the main command number is 0x11 means write device Network ID, 0x12 means read device Network ID, 0x13 means set device MAC address, 0x14 means read device MAC address, 0x17 means data transparent upload, 0x18 means data Transparent delivery. the
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