CN103038582A - 组合式太阳能收集器 - Google Patents

组合式太阳能收集器 Download PDF

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CN103038582A
CN103038582A CN2011800383427A CN201180038342A CN103038582A CN 103038582 A CN103038582 A CN 103038582A CN 2011800383427 A CN2011800383427 A CN 2011800383427A CN 201180038342 A CN201180038342 A CN 201180038342A CN 103038582 A CN103038582 A CN 103038582A
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莱诺尔德.弗希茨
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莱诺尔德.弗希茨
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
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    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
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    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
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    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
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    • F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRA-RED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
    • F24S2020/17—Arrangements of solar thermal modules combined with solar PV modules
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    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Abstract

本发明涉及一种带有透明真空管（1）的组合式太阳能收集器，在所述真空管内具有吸收器板（2），所述吸收器板上装有可被流体流过的热管（3），其中组合式太阳能收集器以可旋转的方式支承以便跟踪太阳位置。在真空管（1）的内侧上优选以薄层模块结构方式布置光伏元件（4）。由此根据组合式太阳能收集器的旋转角度实现对于获得热水或电流的最优运行条件。

Description

组合式太阳能收集器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种带有真空管和光伏元件的组合（组合式）太阳能收集器，在所述真空管内具有其上装有可被流体流过的热管的吸收器板，其中组合式太阳能收集器以可旋转的方式支承。
背景技术
从DE19709653C2中已知一种带有真空管和光伏元件的组合式太阳能收集器，在所述真空管内具有在其上装有可被流体流过的热管的吸收器，其中组合式太阳能收集器以可旋转的方式支承。通过组合式太阳能收集器的可旋转性，组合式太阳能收集器可相应地跟踪太阳位置。要么只跟踪吸收器要么只跟踪光伏元件的独立跟踪是不可能的。
从DE4338735中已知一种可旋转的组合式太阳能收集器，其中热量从布置在真空管内的收集器板通过热导体向外散发。两个光伏元件的加载通过反射系统实现。此收集器的明显缺点在于，热量的产生仅以很低的效率进行，因为通过热传导传输热量伴随有很大的损失。
另外，已知一些光伏模块，其中，在玻璃板上蒸镀有光伏薄层模块。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，创造一种组合式太阳能收集器，其中，在相应地降低各其他能量形式的产率情况下可提高电能产率或热效率。
该技术问题在前述类型的组合式太阳能收集器中通过光伏元件布置在真空管内侧上解决。
为旋转组合式太阳能收集器，有利地设有步进马达。另外有利的是，为控制旋转存在用于记录太阳位置的传感器和用于相应地控制步进马达的控制单元。也有利的是，为驱动伺服马达存在附加的其它光伏模块。
在一种有利的实施形式中规定，为改善能量，例如热水或电流的获取，在组合式太阳能收集器下方，并且在下部构造上安设抛物面镜。
本发明也涉及一种带有多个并列布置的此类组合式太阳能收集器的组合式太阳能收集器设备。
附图说明
本发明还在下文中根据附图中所示的优选实施例进一步阐述。附图中：
图1以放大的比例示出剖切组合式太阳能收集器的横截面；
图2a示出带有多个平行布置的组合式太阳能收集器的平面图，以及通过步进马达、用于太阳位置检测的传感器和用于驱动步进马达的光伏模块实施可旋转性的实施方式；
图2b示出组合式太阳能收集器的侧视图；
图3a示出用于获得热水的组合式太阳能收集器的运行位置，以及示意性地示出根据太阳位置跟踪组合式太阳能收集器以达到用于此运行状态的最高的能产率；
图3b示出用于发电的组合式太阳能收集器的运行位置，以及示意性地示出根据太阳位置跟踪组合式太阳能收集器以达到用于此运行状态的最高的能产率；
图3c示出处于获取热水的运行位置中的组合式太阳能收集器以及为改进电能获取而安装在下部构造上的抛物面镜；和
图4示出整个设备的线路图，其中，通过控制单元控制设备的能量管理。
具体实施方式
在图1中图示了组合式太阳能收集器在原理上如何构造商用的真空管收集器。在透明真空管1内具有吸收器板2，所述吸收器板2带有安装在其上的可被流体流过的热管3。
此外，在真空管1的内侧上以薄层方法，以薄层模块结构方式施加光伏元件4。以此，与商用真空管收集器相比，为整合光伏元件4不需要附加的结构元件，因为施加通过在玻璃管1内侧上的蒸镀实现。这样的光伏元件4在散射光下也实现了良好的效率。
在图2a中图示，多个相互平行布置的组合式太阳能收集器结合为一个组合式太阳能收集器设备17。单独的组合式太阳能收集器以可旋转的方式支承在示意性地表示的支座9上，且这些单独的组合式太阳能收集器通过外部供电借助伺服马达8和带传动件7旋转为各要求的或希望的运行状态，且跟踪借助传感器11检测的太阳位置。
如果不存在外部供电，或在改装现有的真空管收集器设备的情况下，在由马达8、带传动件7和传感器11构成的旋转单元中，在其封装10中集成光伏模块12，所述光伏模块12负责获取能量，用于伺服马达8的旋转。所产生的热能的输出通过用于联接在换热器内的冷凝器5（在附图中未图示）上的插套实现。
所产生的电流的输出通过插塞连接装置6实现。
在图2b中图示了组合式太阳能收集器优选地以大于或等于25°的角度α（Alpha）倾斜地布置，以便在热管3内出现由热造成的对流流动（热管）。热量输出通过冷凝器5进行。因此，也可借助于循环泵实现热管3的穿流。
在图3a中图示用于在获得热水时最大能产率的运行位置。其上安装有可被流体流过的热管3的吸收器板2根据太阳位置被最优地定向，使得吸收器板2的整个面都被太阳辐射。光伏元件4在此被吸收器板2遮挡。
在图3b中图示用于在获得电能时最大能产率的运行位置。光伏元件4根据太阳位置最优地定向，且整个面都被太阳辐射。吸收器板2在此被光伏元件4遮挡。此外，光伏元件4以薄层模块结构方式构造的优点是，所述光伏元件4蒸镀在真空管1的玻璃圆筒的内径上。以此，一方面不要求用于蒸镀薄层模块的附加的结构体，另一方面实现光伏元件4相对于在直面上的蒸镀面积增大。作为薄层模块的光伏元件的优点也在于，可利用散射光来获取能量。
从图3c中显见，在下部构造14的区域内装有抛物面镜13，以增强背向入射的太阳光的收集器侧的能产率。
在图4中图示，组合式太阳能收集器至少组装为组合式太阳能收集器设备17，且通过控制单元15和控制线路16，单独的组合式太阳能收集器设备17根据运行状态并且与借助传感器11和伺服马达8所跟踪的太阳位置相应地运行。
此外，此线路具有很大的优点，即单独的组合式太阳能收集器设备17可在“发电”运行状态下运行，而剩余的组合式太阳能收集器设备17可在“获取热水”的运行状态下运行。
因此，与商用的真空管收集器相比得到的优点是，热水不会被过度加热，因为如果产生了足够的热水，就可通过控制单元15将组合式太阳能收集器设备17置于发电的运行状态。
如果不存在局部耗电，就将剩余产量馈送到公共电网内来获取回报。
未设置有可旋转性的商用真空管收集器主要是仅设计用于热水获取和供热支持的真空管收集器。
但对于供热支持，这些控制器的缺点是，在寒冷的季节可能发生真空管收集器被雪覆盖，从而太阳不再可能辐射到真空管上。
组合式太阳能收集器的可旋转性的优点在于，在无太阳辐射或太阳辐射很少时，太阳能收集器可旋转为发电运行状态，且如果被雪覆盖，这不会对热水获取的运行位置产生负面影响。在通过弹簧复位的伺服马达8的构造中，在停电的情况下可导致组合式太阳能收集器旋转到定义的位置（例如，发电位置）。
除有效的能量获取之外，此收集器类型提供统一的外观的优点并且实现“正能量住宅”（Plus-Energie-Haus）（所产生的能量多于其中以热水或电流形式消耗的能量的对象）。

Claims (6)

1.一种带有透明真空管（1）和光伏元件（4）的组合式太阳能收集器，在所述真空管（1）内具有吸收器板（2），在所述吸收器板上装有可被流体流过的热管（3），其中，所述组合式太阳能收集器以可旋转的方式支承，其特征在于，所述光伏元件（4）布置在所述真空管（1）的内侧上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合式太阳能收集器，其特征在于，设有用于旋转的步进马达（8）。
3.根据权利要求2所述的组合式太阳能收集器，其特征在于，具有用于检测太阳位置的传感器（11）和用于相应地控制所述步进马达的控制单元（15）以便控制旋转。
4.根据权利要求2所述的组合式太阳能收集器，其特征在于，具有附加的其它光伏模块（12）用于驱动伺服马达。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组合式太阳能收集器，其特征在于，在所述组合式太阳能收集器下方并且在下部构造（14）上设有抛物面镜（13），以便改善对能量，例如热水或电流的获取。
6.一种组合式太阳能收集器设备（17），其特征在于，多个根据权利要求1至5中一项所述的组合式太阳能收集器并排地布置。
CN2011800383427A 2010-06-11 2011-05-23 组合式太阳能收集器 Pending CN103038582A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA956/2010 2010-06-11
AT0095610A AT507964B1 (de) 2010-06-11 2010-06-11 Kombi-solarkollektor
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CN105605798A (zh) * 2014-08-08 2016-05-25 北京建筑大学 一种真空管式太阳能集热器及热泵系统
CN114440471A (zh) * 2020-11-05 2022-05-06 广西大学 一种光伏太阳能热水器一体化装置

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AT13267U1 (de) 2012-09-04 2013-09-15 Reinold Ing Ferschitz Kombi-Solarkollektor
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CN114440471A (zh) * 2020-11-05 2022-05-06 广西大学 一种光伏太阳能热水器一体化装置

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