CN103020222B - For the visual method for digging of vehicle GPS data analysis and exception monitoring - Google Patents
For the visual method for digging of vehicle GPS data analysis and exception monitoring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of based on visualization technique, for the visual method for digging of vehicle GPS data analysis and exception monitoring.Original vehicle gps data to be converted to unique visual " fingerprint " data model by data conversion module by the present invention, and simultaneously and provide can the data directory of real-time response user interactions, assisted user analyzes data; By visualization model, vehicle vision data model is combined based on thermal map and the display based on track, city focus area detecting and the traffic track exception monitoring based on historical data are provided, thus some abstract concepts existed in data, as frequent rule and periodic law, show in a kind of mode of analyst's easy understand, reduce and analyze threshold, expand range of application, improve analysis efficiency; Realize abundant interactive operation by user interactive module, enable user carry out monitoring and analyzing, thus analyze for the decision-making of user provides and support.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method utilizing visualization technique to realize to vehicle GPS data analysis and exception monitoring.The method can support that flow data is while real-time display monitoring, with some abstract concepts that viewdata model " fingerprint " will exist in vehicle GPS data, as frequent rule and periodic law, show in a kind of mode of analyst's easy understand, reduce and analyze threshold, expand range of application, improve analysis efficiency.
Background technology
Through facts have proved of more than 20 years, gps system is a high precision, round-the-clock and global radio navigation, location and multifunction system regularly.GPS related system is widely used in public security, medical treatment, fire-fighting, traffic, the fields such as logistics.In recent years, GPS device, mobile communication equipment and various kinds of sensors equipment widely using in the world, create the track data comprising spatial geographical locations information, temporal information and other relevant information in a large number, its data volume often can reach TB level even PB level.In large scale due to this kind of data, exceed the scope that traditional data treatment technology can effectively process, therefore, efficient analysis is carried out to the gps data being representative with traffic data and track of vehicle and the degree of depth is excavated, become one of study hotspot in current IT field.Carrying out data mining to gps data and Knowledge Discovery has important social benefit and economic benefit, is the direction of scientific rersearch that current national governments, enterprise and research institution very pay attention to.After mining analysis, the knowledge obtained from vehicle GPS data has very wide application prospect, and such as, traffic data can be applied to multiple fields such as city management, roading, traffic control, trip planning.
But the data that GPS collects include time, space characteristics simultaneously, space-time data can be classified as.And in recent years along with the continuous expansion of data scale, stern challenge is proposed to the analysis of space-time data.First, due to the complicacy of geographical space, when relating to the feature of space correlation in data, traditional method such as statistics, data mining and machine learning can not carry out complete analysis by full automatic method, whole process need expert participates in the overall process, utilize the understanding that people is relevant with region to space, the attribute intrinsic to space correlation and the implicit knowledge of relation.Secondly, time correlation feature is also a complicated phenomenon.Time itself changes in a linear fashion, but the generation rule of As time goes on event, but can be periodically repeat, repeatedly be cycled to repeat; Whole formation hierarchical structure, the time attribute even between event with event has overlapping and inter-related characteristic.And temporal characteristics also has the feature of isomery, therefore, we must distinguish daytime and evening, working day and weekend, vacation and normal work period.To these knowledge professionals or participate in analyze user have very deep understanding, but this be need sense and be difficult to convey to machine one sensation.Therefore, the data with temporal characteristics also need a large amount of participations of expert in analysis, by using appropriate expression-form to analyze and relevant rule in mining data.
The mass data of miscellaneous information source generation in recent years, far beyond the ability of these data of human brain analysis interpretation, owing to lacking effective analysis means of mass data, a large amount of computational resources is wasted, this seriously inhibits the progress of scientific research, visual (Visualization) technology proposes thus.Modern data visualization (Data Visualization) technology refers to uses computer graphics and image processing techniques, data is changed to figure or image shows on screen, and carries out theory, the Method and Technology of interaction process.It relates to multiple fields such as computer graphics, image procossing, computer-aided design (CAD), computer vision and human-computer interaction technology.Data visualization concept is first from visualization in scientific computing (Visualization in Scientific Computing), scientists not only needs to analyze by graph image the data calculated by computing machine, and needs the change understanding data in computation process.In recent years, along with the development of network technology and ecommerce, the requirement of information visualization (Information Visualization) is proposed.We can pass through data visualization technique, find rule implicit in a large amount of finance, communication and business data, thus provide foundation for decision-making.This has become focus new in data visualization technique.
Visualized data analytical technology has widened traditional figure table function, makes the anatomy of user to data clearer.Such as the multidimensional data in database is become multiple figure, this situation to reminder-data, inward nature and regularity serve very strong effect.When showing the result found, map is shown as a setting simultaneously.The regularity of distribution of its knowledge feature can be shown on the one hand; Also can carry out Visual Explanation to the result excavated on the other hand, thus reach best analytical effect.Visualization technique makes user see overall process, the monitoring also control data analytic process of data processing.And be accordingly, conventional process analytical approach can only be applicable to small-scale data, well can not represent some abstract concepts of the existence in data analysis, and be difficult to show large data in a kind of mode of people's easy understand, the real-time display of flow data can not be supported.
Find through retrieval, utilize system and the company of vehicle-mounted GPS equipment at present, the secondary development vehicle monitoring system holistic conformation scheme of various GPS/GIS/GSM/GPRS vehicle monitoring system software, GSM and GPRS intelligent movable car-mounted terminal, system, does not all have the method for digging for analyzing while to vehicle GPS data monitoring.When abnormal generation, needs are expended more time and resource by user, can make a policy.
The present invention has filled up this technological gap, by the display analysis problem effectively solving extensive vehicle GPS data and bring.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, when extensive real-time stream, to the Higher Dimensional Space Time data collected, provide the city thermal map detecting of density based for user and extremely monitor in real time based on the traffic track of historical data, and being aided with historical data and statistical information, frequent rule in effective analysis data and periodic law, find out hiding rule and mistake, show in a kind of mode of analyst's easy understand, reduce and analyze threshold, expand range of application, improve analysis efficiency.
The present invention is intended to propose a kind of visual method for digging for vehicle GPS data analysis and exception monitoring; user is monitored and real-time analysis detects the concrete condition of result when extensive spatio-temporal data stream; find the hiding exception that can not be detected by conventional statistics and data mining algorithm or error message; and by a kind of visual data model " fingerprint ", these abstract concepts are shown in the mode of analyst's easy understand; thus reduce analysis threshold; expand range of application, improve analysis efficiency.
Technical scheme adopted for achieving the above object comprises data conversion module, visualization model, user interactive module design, by data conversion module, the process of original vehicle gps data is converted to visual " fingerprint " data model, numeric data is made to become the visual elements (shape of readability, color, size etc.), and provide can the data directory of real-time response user interactions, assisted user analyzes data; By visualization model, vehicle vision data model is treated to based on thermal map and the display based on track, allows user have direct feel to data; Realize abundant interactive operation by user interactive module, enable user carry out monitoring and analyzing, thus analyze for the decision-making of user provides and support.
The present invention is monitored and the extensive vehicle GPS data of com-parison and analysis by a kind of visual data model " fingerprint ", and extremely shows analyst or expert with the formal intuition of people's readability to what wherein exist.This viewdata model is intended to utilize advanced visualization technique the intelligence of people to be embedded in the process of large data analysis, the distance furthered between analyst and extensive vehicle GPS data, reduce the analysis threshold brought by large-scale data, the scope of application of application is provided.The mode that visual " fingerprint " model provides a kind of easy understand shows extensive gps data, and supports the real-time display of flow data.Whole model is used for monitoring and the extensive vehicle GPS data of com-parison and analysis, be therefore designed to space (S), time (T), and attribute (A) is to a mapping of fingerprint model (Fingerprint): S × T × A → Fingerprint." fingerprint " data model (Fingerprint) is different from traditional data models, there are two data structures, numeric data after abstract data structure (Abstract Form) corresponding original data processing, the geological information that viewdata structure (Visual Form) corresponding data shows on screen.According to definition, first certain space scope (S) is selected, coordinate information and the size of selection area is recorded in fingerprint model (F), in this scope (S) according to according to the time (T) with row with row relational organization raw GPS data, a line in table represents a complete time period, such as one day, the corresponding row of burst of complete each regular length of time period, such as each arranges one hour of corresponding one day, each field finally in table represents the respective value of attribute (A), the statistical value in such as a hour.Fingerprint model can according to the abstract data structure defined for every bar attribute adds corresponding geological information territory to generate viewdata model (Visual Form) afterwards, built-in placement algorithm can generate corresponding geological information, as the size, shape type, coordinate information etc. of visualized elements bounding rectangles.The fingerprint data model of the present invention placement algorithm that have employed based on the ring-type nested structure of map realizes the display of S × T × A → Fingerprint, and on map, the position of corresponding fingerprint represents the spatial information (S) that this visual structure is analyzed; Adopt corresponding time attribute display (T) of the nested layout of many rings in structure, the time period that each ring correspondence one is complete, as one day, on ring, the corresponding time slicing of each fan-shaped burst was as in a day hour; Fan-shaped burst carrys out corresponding attribute (A) display with color.This kind realizes based on the abstract data structure of table, can produce corresponding index, greatly can improve the query rate of data, thus reaches optimization system performance support real time data query analysis.
Fingerprint visual structure is suitable for detection, the analysis and comparison of frequent rule (Frequent Pattern) and periodic law (Periodic Pattern) very much.First, in the nested layout of many rings, each ring represents complete time period, each ring in layout has identical start time and end time, each time slicing is corresponding with the fan-shaped burst on a ring, the position of the fan-shaped burst of the nested representative same time burst made on each ring of many rings can be presented on adjacent position, as a fingerprint represents the data (having 7 rings) of a week, a ring represents one day, a fan-shaped burst represents corresponding one hour (ring having 24 fan-shaped bursts), the fanning strip of so all 8pm of the representative position on corresponding ring is all near the position turning over 270 degree clockwise, the color of fan-shaped burst represents again corresponding property value simultaneously.Therefore, whether have periodically as long as observe the change of color in fingerprint, burst as fan-shaped in similar color if distributing similar on ring; Whether change has frequent rule, and such as some Similar color repeats or concentrates on a certain section of region on ring and occurs.Such abstract concept changes the visual information being easy to analyst and understanding into.
When data conversion module receive vehicle GPS track data as input after, first process correction can be carried out to the GPS raw data collected, mainly through map-matching algorithm, the GPS positioning error existed in Data Collection, numerical map error and coordinate projection mapping fault are revised, road net informational linkage in vehicle location track and numerical map is got up, and determines that moving target produces to reduce the uncertain factor in analyzing relative to the position of map thus.Then the GPS numeric data after correction is converted to visual " fingerprint " data model, generates a series of data directory simultaneously, for online (Online) real-time response user interactions.
After the data directory receiving generation when visualization model and vehicle vision data model, by the abstract data these being eliminated noise in raw data and change into, changed into the visual pattern of data by built-in placement algorithm, finally played up again on screen.The view that placement algorithm provides two types is selected for user and switches, and is respectively the city thermal map detecting of density based and extremely monitors in real time based on the traffic track of historical data.This module, by by the display of map on abstract data model and relationship map to analytic system, strengthens the readability of data visualization display, is beneficial to the analysis of user's comparison combining cartographic information.Therefore carry out visual to the data after process, user can carry out Real-Time Monitoring to the change of the data collected.By be supplied to user based on thermal map and based on two kinds of track dissimilar displays, and a kind of visualized data of novelty " fingerprint " shows historical data, while guarantee monitoring effect, assisted user analysis.
The city thermal map detecting of density based is shown as background with geographical map, is then aided with thermal map and " fingerprint " model corresponding to regional carrys out corresponding display.First city map grid is turned to pixel, then we calculate the vehicle fleet record that leave or arrive to each pixel.Then, we use thermal map on 2D map, show the region of the pixel composition of those focuses very high (namely total vehicle number).Afterwards again according to the situation of thermal map, the fingerprint selecting the very high region of those corresponding focuses carries out analysis and comparison.
Traffic track based on historical data is abnormal to be monitored to show vehicle GPS track in real time on map in real time, generate corresponding " fingerprint " according to the Region dividing defined simultaneously, so that historical data is converted to easy visual elements, facilitate analyst's fast understanding and find rule, thus analyze abnormal, improve analysis efficiency.
While providing user data to show, realized abundant mutual by user interactive module, and the data that these operational feedback are arrived conversion and visualization model, allow user carry out space attribute analysis and time series analysis to the data after process in time.In analytic process, user to interested or feel valuable region, by carrying out alternately the visualization structure of selection area, thus can understand the space-time characteristic of this area's data further.After completing, user can check raw data or carry out correlation inquiry according to existing analysis result, thus compares result of study and arrange, finally for the decision-making of user provides analysis and supports.
The present invention utilizes and monitors visual method for digging based on the space-time data of visualization technique, and the beneficial effect that can reach is as follows:
1) based on the abnormality detection directly perceived of visualization technique;
2) dynamic Higher Dimensional Space Time data characteristics is analyzed, and has good ductility;
3) abundant expert is interactive.It can provide more statistical information, is the visual cues of readability by historical data from numerical value Knowledge conversion, as shape, and color, size etc.The object of this way keeps analyst to participate in all the time in the process of whole analysis, and utilize their analysis ability to adjust parameter and to sum up research.
4) user can aware the correlativity between different attribute, and filters by noise data and the eliminating of incoherent track, and then to the analysis for further study of interested situation.This structural support interactive mode simultaneously, thus allow user progressively refinement can revise the parameter analyzed, finally obtain better analysis result.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of vehicle GPS data processing and monitoring.
Fig. 2 is visualized data structure " fingerprint " schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is data visualization analysis process schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is based on thermal map display generative process schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is based on track display generative process schematic diagram.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, data conversion module defines and is applied to visualized data structure " fingerprint " in vehicle GPS data analysis and exception monitoring and the corresponding interface, additionally provide necessary I/O operation-interface simultaneously, user can read raw GPS data easily in the middle of file, database and network flow, and is converted into the abstract structures such as table, figure, tree.Two parts content is contained, visualized data process and layout processing in visualization model.The abstract data element defined from data conversion module is added corresponding geological information territory by visualized data process, to safeguard the size of visualized elements, the information such as position; Layout processing uses placement algorithm, generates geological information, and is set to the geological information territory of visualized data.The invention provides as shown in Figure 1 density based the detecting of city thermal map and based on the dissimilar placement algorithm of abnormal two kinds of monitoring in real time of traffic track of historical data to user.Also comprise two parts in interactive module, play up process and interaction process.Playing up process utilizes the geological information obtained from visualization model to generate graphic element, and it represents in front of the user the most at last; Interaction process, among modules, is collected and processes various alternative events, and by the data of result retroaction and modules.
As shown in Figure 1, the visualized data structure " fingerprint " of the assistant analysis of our definition, at data conversion module, the most basic data structures is defined, according to the relational organization raw GPS data of row with row, each raw data as a line in table, the row in this corresponding line corresponding of each attribute in data.This kind realizes based on the abstract data structure of table, can produce corresponding index, greatly can improve the query rate of data, thus reaches optimization system performance support real time data query analysis.
Viewdata processing section simultaneously in visualization model, by in data conversion module to the definition of visual structure " fingerprint ", extract corresponding geological information record, comprise the size of visualized elements bounding rectangles, shape type, coordinate information etc., all there is the visual copy of this correspondence in any data element in data conversion module and data structure.Visualization model maintains abstract data element and the direct biaxial stress structure of visualized data element by this mechanism, for the data modification in reciprocal process provides convenient, the change of abstract data element or visualized data element can be reflected on the opposing party's data element rapidly.
As shown in Figure 2, visual structure " fingerprint " specific design have employed the radial topological design based on annular map, helps customer analysis historical data or statistical information.This design can use different color-coded scheme to distribute and represent other attribute such as density, speed.Structural each ring represents the time, can select as required to be display 7 ring design of a week or the display design of 31 rings of month.In ring, each sector represents one hour, and time growing direction clockwise.Whole layout is just as a clock, and midnight 12, the whole time, lowest position represented 12 noon, finally gets back to the point at midnight 12 of top along increasing clockwise in top.The growth on date is according to the radius growing direction of structure, and the ring of innermost circle represents the date the earliest, and outmost turns is the nearest date.Such as show the record of January 18 to January 24, so the record of 18 days is finally positioned at the position of innermost circle, within 24th, is then outset part.
Every attribute such as density, the speed etc. in the region that visual structure " fingerprint " represents are shown intuitively by color coding, the analysis and designation of such as on-board and off-board behavior focus can be the brighter secter pat of color, density is lower, and the darker secter pat of color represents that this area's on-board and off-board activity is very frequent.The size of " fingerprint " structure is directly proportional to the data count of selected areas, and the more sizes of data record are larger, otherwise structure is little at least for data.
As shown in Figure 3, be the mutual relationship in order to study clearly between data dimension to the object of vehicle GPS data analysis, particularly at space (S), between time (T) and attribute (A), thus.On the dependence basis distinguishing independently dimension and attribute, vehicle GPS data analysis can be counted as the behavior being similar to a mathematical function, and namely the value of dependant variables is relative to the change of independent variable.For vehicle GPS data, fundamental purpose to understand functional dependence S × T → A, namely relative to the behavior property of room and time.
Therefore first with regard to the vehicle data after usage data module processing, to two kinds of dissimilar general views of the city hot spot region of all data genaration collected based on thermal map and the traffic track based on historical data, and show the overall Data distribution8 in city further in conjunction with viewdata " fingerprint ", comprise statistical information or the historical data of each department.This is visual combining geographic information and statistics can show the behavior property relative to room and time in selected area, as analyzed the traffic conditions in identical area over time, and the change spatially of same alike result variable.Then respectively space attribute analysis and time series analysis are carried out to data, the situation that main concern (1) time dependent space distribution (situation) and (2) local time correlated variables spatially distributes and development.We call spatial analysis (Spatial Analysis) (1), (2) called after local time series analysis (Local Temporal Analysis).In analytic process, user freely can explore any interesting place, and checks the details of the visual structure " fingerprint " of any generation.
After this, user can to interested or feel valuable region, and the fragment intercepting random time length does investigation further.Such as user can select the regional study of constant size, but or each block size discrete all consistent; Or one section regular time interval, or there is gradual change or catastrophe characteristics in time; The trend in analysis time or space, or the rule of the repetition of data on room and time, as the periodicity of time, detect local or global abnormal value, etc.The speed of a motor vehicle of an example Shi Yan highway exceedes limit value, and such as 60 kilometers are per hour, all vehicles in one day behavioural characteristic.After completing, user can check raw data or carry out correlation inquiry according to existing analysis result, thus compares result of study and arrange.
As shown in Figure 4, we need to identify the hot zones that in city, vehicle dealing ratio is higher.Thermal map in figure on background map represents the high-density region of vehicle with darker regions, and white portion represent the region of relatively low density with.User can use thermal map to the place selecting some interesting, for further analysis.Fan-shaped burst in fingerprint structure in figure is then that color is more shallow brighter, illustrates that the vehicle dealing number in the corresponding time is higher, and color is more dark more secretly illustrates that number is fewer.As: community, hospital, school, market, cinema, Subway station, recreation ground, square etc., the flow of different vehicle dealing is had in different time sections, can be the setting of traffic route and platform, other Related service facilities such as the length of red street lamp, provide Data support.
As shown in Figure 5, trace information by connecting the position of every portion car departure place and destination on map, and uses Bezier husband curve to play up GPS sampled point track between any two.Length of a curve is directly proportional to the track distance of vehicle registration.The shade of curve represents the number of this path vehicle, more deeply feels and shows that the vehicle by path is more frequent.Multi-section vehicle can leave similar track through identical path, and we can merge a part of subset in track according to the quantity of same paths.Fan-shaped burst in fingerprint structure in figure is then that color is more shallow brighter, illustrates that the vehicle average velocity in the corresponding time is faster, and color is more dark more secretly illustrates that average velocity is slower.
Claims (9)
1. the visual method for digging for vehicle GPS data analysis and exception monitoring, it is characterized in that: the data visualization based on visualization technique excavates, when extensive real-time stream, by data conversion module, original vehicle gps data is converted to visual " fingerprint " data model, namely process correction is carried out to GPS raw data, road net informational linkage in vehicle location track and numerical map is got up, and determine that moving target produces to reduce the uncertain factor in analyzing relative to the position of map thus, then the GPS numeric data after correction is converted to visual " fingerprint " data model, generate a series of data directory simultaneously, for online real-time response user interactions, after the data directory receiving generation by visualization model and vehicle vision data model, by the abstract data these being eliminated noise in raw data and change into, changed into the visual pattern of data by built-in placement algorithm, finally played up again on screen, abundant interactive operation is realized by user interactive module, user is allowed to carry out space attribute analysis and time series analysis to the data after process in time, thus provide the city thermal map detecting of density based for user and extremely monitor in real time based on the traffic track of historical data, and be aided with historical data and statistical information, frequent rule in effective analysis data and periodic law, find out hiding rule and mistake, thus provide the visual monitoring method for digging analyzed with supporting for the decision-making of user.
2. the visual method for digging for vehicle GPS data analysis and exception monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: based on visualization technique, be applicable to visualization technique and be applied to the Higher Dimensional Space Time Data Detection analysis simultaneously including time, space characteristics.
3. the visual method for digging for vehicle GPS data analysis and exception monitoring according to claim 1, is characterized in that: data conversion module is revised GPS positioning error, numerical map error and coordinate projection mapping fault by map-matching algorithm.
4. the visual method for digging for vehicle GPS data analysis and exception monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: abstract concept is shown in the mode of analyst's easy understand, even if numeric data becomes visual elements by a kind of visual data model " fingerprint ".
5. the visual method for digging for vehicle GPS data analysis and exception monitoring according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: " fingerprint " model is used for monitoring and the extensive vehicle GPS data of com-parison and analysis, therefore space, time is designed to, with the mapping of attribute to fingerprint model Fingerprint: S × T × A → Fingerprint, wherein S representation space, T represents the time, and A represents attribute; And " fingerprint " data model is different from traditional data models, there are two data structures, numeric data after the corresponding original data processing of abstract data structure Abstract Form, the geological information that viewdata structure Visual Form corresponding data shows on screen.
6. the visual method for digging for vehicle GPS data analysis and exception monitoring according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: first " fingerprint " model selects certain space scope S, coordinate information and the size of selection area is recorded in fingerprint model F, in this scope S according to according to time T with row with row relational organization raw GPS data, a line in table represents a complete time period; Fingerprint model can according to the abstract data structure defined for every bar attribute adds corresponding geological information territory to generate viewdata model Visual Form afterwards, built-in placement algorithm can generate corresponding geological information, as the size, shape type, coordinate information etc. of visualized elements bounding rectangles.
7. the visual method for digging for vehicle GPS data analysis and exception monitoring according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the fingerprint data model placement algorithm that have employed based on the ring-type nested structure of map realizes the display of S × T × A → Fingerprint, and the corresponding fingerprint position on map represents the space S that this visual structure is analyzed; With the nested layout of many rings corresponding time attribute display T in structure, the time period that each ring correspondence one is complete, many rings have identical start time and end time, each time slicing is corresponding with fan-shaped burst, many rings are nested makes the fan-shaped burst on each ring can be presented on adjacent position, and the color of fan-shaped burst represents again corresponding property value.
8. the visual method for digging for vehicle GPS data analysis and exception monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the placement algorithm of visualization model provides the view of two types for user's selection and switching, be respectively the city thermal map detecting of density based and extremely monitor in real time based on the traffic track of historical data, wherein the city thermal map detecting of density based is shown as background with geographical map, is then aided with thermal map and " fingerprint " model corresponding to regional carrys out corresponding display; Traffic track based on historical data is abnormal to be monitored to show vehicle GPS track in real time on map in real time, generates corresponding " fingerprint ", so that historical data is converted to easy visual elements according to the Region dividing defined simultaneously.
9. the visual method for digging for vehicle GPS data analysis and exception monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: visualization model is passed through the display of map on abstract data model and relationship map to analytic system, strengthen the readability of data visualization display, be beneficial to user's comparison and combining cartographic information analysis.
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