CN103001298A - Charging system with adaptive power management - Google Patents
Charging system with adaptive power management Download PDFInfo
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- CN103001298A CN103001298A CN2012101890798A CN201210189079A CN103001298A CN 103001298 A CN103001298 A CN 103001298A CN 2012101890798 A CN2012101890798 A CN 2012101890798A CN 201210189079 A CN201210189079 A CN 201210189079A CN 103001298 A CN103001298 A CN 103001298A
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Abstract
An embodiment of a charger may include an input, at least one switch having a first node coupled to a reference voltage, a current sensor coupled between the input and a second node of the at least one switch, an output coupled to a third node of the at least one switch, and a charge controller coupled to the input to determine an input voltage, to the current sensor to determine an input current and to control inputs of the at least one switch. The at least one switch may be responsive to control signals supplied by the charge controller to the control inputs thereof to control voltage and current at the output of the charger. The charge controller may be responsive to the input voltage and the input current to produce the control signals in a manner that maximizes electrical power drawn at the input.
Description
Priority request
The U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/478 of the application's request submission on April 25th, 2011,575, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/604 that submitted on February 28th, 2012,226, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/679 that submitted on March 29th, 2012,609 right and priority, and be the non-temporary patent application No.13/421 of the U.S. that submitted on March 15th, 2012,836 partial continuous application, the equal integral body of each of these applications is incorporated herein by reference.
Accompanying drawing is introduced
Fig. 1 is according to an embodiment of the invention with the functional block diagram of the charging system of adaptive power management;
Fig. 2 is the more detailed functional block diagram of the self adaptation charge controller of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the more detailed functional block diagram of an embodiment of adaptive power management (APM) control module of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the more detailed functional block diagram of MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) module of Fig. 3 according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the sequential chart of operation that the MPPT module of Fig. 4 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown;
Fig. 6 is the flow chart by the performed control procedure of the PWM controller of the APM control module of Fig. 3 and Fig. 2, the power output that is used for making the AC adapter that maximizes according to one embodiment of present invention Fig. 1 to provide.
Fig. 7 A and 7B are illustrated in the input voltage that produces during the control procedure of Fig. 6 and the sequential chart of input current;
Fig. 8 illustrates in greater detail the according to an embodiment of the invention functional schematic of the operation of the self adaptation charge controller of Fig. 2;
Fig. 9 illustrates the operation of self adaptation charge controller in the MPPT pattern of Fig. 2 according to an embodiment of the invention to obtain input current, input voltage and the input power figure of maximum power from the AC adapter of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
For example the portable electric appts of smart mobile phone, panel computer and laptop computer and so on has the battery for the power electronics in the equipment.In addition, these equipment can also exchange (AC) power supply by family expenses by using known AC adapter, and the AC adapter inserts in the wall and the AC power signal is converted to direct current (DC) signal thinks that equipment provides required electric power.The electric current that is provided by the AC adapter is used to the battery of electronic equipment to charge, and the electronic circuit of equipment is powered.
Usually, each electronic equipment uses and is the custom-designed special-purpose AC adapter of this equipment.For example, electronic equipment may need 5 watts of (W) power, so that the AC adapter provides 1 peace (A) electric current under 5 volts of (V) voltages, thereby charges for the battery of electronic equipment in a special time.If adopt this electronic equipment with the 2nd AC adapter, for example the 2nd AC adapter is rated for only 2.5 watts, and the maximum current of 5A only can be provided when 5V, and then this can cause overload loading condition and the follow-up disconnection of the 2nd AC adapter.Thus, each electronic equipment needs only to be its own special-purpose AC adapter that designs.
In operation, when the battery in the electronic equipment is charged, by the AC adapter, the output of most electric currents is provided.For example, if the output of the electric current in AC adapter 1A, then 0.05-0.1A can be used to the power electronics in the electronic equipment, and remaining 0.9-0.95A is used to be the battery charging.This situation exists only in battery and charges when hanging down very much, but when battery has been full of electricity or substantially has been full of electricity, the actual current that draws from the AC adapter will be similar to the power demand of the electronic circuit the electronic equipment, i.e. 0.05-0.1A in the present embodiment usually.
Ideally, AC adapter or other input powers (for example solar array plate) be operation like this: the energy of the maximum quantity that can obtain from adapter is provided, and no matter be applied to these variations in the load on the adapter by electronic equipment.By the power quantity maximization that is provided by the AC adapter is provided, the charging interval of battery is minimized in the electronic equipment.Because operation A C adapter is providing maximized power to guarantee the maximum electric current as battery charging, so this is correct.
Referring now to Fig. 1, the functional block diagram of charging system 10 according to an embodiment of the invention, this charging system 10 is with the adaptive power management that comprises MPPT maximum power point tracking.Charging system 10 comprises charging control unit 12, and it controllably provides the dc voltage V that produces from external power source for rechargable power supplies and one of electronic system or equipment or both
OUTAnd electric current I
OUTExternal power source is taked the form of conventional AC adapter 16, and its alternating current (AC) and voltage transitions that will be provided by AC power supplies 18 is direct current I
OAWith dc voltage V
OADc voltage V
OAAnd electric current I
OATo charging control unit 12 " input ", the input voltage that can be called as in this manual thus and electric current, and corresponding power (that is, P
OA=V
OA* I
OA) as input power.Similarly, provide or " output " dc voltage V from charging control unit 12
OUTAnd electric current I
OUT, they can be counted as output current and voltage in this specification.As shown in Figure 1, the input node 24 of charging control unit 12 receives dc voltage V
OAAnd electric current I
OA, and provide dc voltage V at the output node 26 of charging control unit
OUTAnd electric current I
OUT AC power supplies 18 can be conventional civilian or commercial electrical service, conventional generator, etc.
In one embodiment, charging control unit 12 is implemented in (that is, being placed on) electronic equipment 14, although charging control unit 12 can be separated with electronic equipment 14 (that is, separated and/or away from) in other embodiments.For example, electronic equipment 14 is portable electric appts, such as laptop computer or notebook, flat computer or other flat-panel devices, hand-hold electronic equipments, mobile phone or smart phone, etc.In alternative embodiment, electronic equipment 14 can be non-portable electric appts.Electronic equipment 14 comprises one or more electronic circuits and/or the subsystem that consumes electric energy, and this electronic equipment or subsystem are illustrated as individual system load 20 in Fig. 1.System load 20 is corresponding to electronic circuit, for example display, touch-screen, wireless network (Wi-Fi) adapter, etc., be smart phone, flat computer, laptop computer or other similar portable electric appts comprising the electronic equipment 14 of system load.
Electronic equipment 14 also comprises rechargable power supplies 22, and it can be maybe to comprise one or more conventional rechargeable batteries, one or more electric capacity, etc.In operation, AC adapter 16 provides dc voltage V for charging control unit 12
OAAnd electric current I
OA, charging control unit 12 then is operable as where necessary and produces thus the dc voltage V that offers system load 20 and rechargable power supplies 22
OAWith the DC electric current I
OAThe input node 24 of charging control unit 12 receives input voltage V
OAAnd electric current I
OA, input voltage V in Fig. 1
OAAnd electric current I
OAAlso be illustrated as input voltage VIIN and input current I
INWhen AC adapter 16 during from charging control unit 12 decoupling zero, rechargable power supplies 22 provides system load 20 required dc voltage V by diode D1
OUTWith the DC electric current I
OUT
The a plurality of unlike signals of self adaptation charge controller 28 sensings, and the control signal PWMI that the signal application of these sensings is produced in control and the duty ratio D of PWMV are to produce desired output voltage V
OUTAnd electric current I
OUT Charging control unit 12 also comprises by input current sensing resistor R
INWith the input current transducer that differential amplifier 30 forms, be used for the input current I of sensing charging control unit 12
IN, and notice, as shown in Figure 1, input current I
INAlso be the output current I that is provided by AC adapter 16
OAThe output of current sense amplifier 30 is voltage V
IN, voltage V
INHave and input current I
INProportional value.Charging control unit 12 is gone back sensing input voltage V
INIn alternative embodiment, can determine input current I with one or more other conventional currents and/or voltage sensor
INWith input voltage V
IN Charging control unit 12 also comprises by resistance R
OUTThe output current transducer that forms with differential amplifier 32.The output of amplifier 32 is voltage V
IOUT, voltage V
IOUTThe output current I that provides with charging control unit 12
OUTProportional.In alternative embodiment, can determine respectively with one or more other conventional currents and/or voltage sensor the output current I of charging control unit 12
OUTAnd output voltage V
OUTUnder any circumstance, all sensing input voltage and electric current V of charging control unit 12
IN, I
INAnd output voltage and electric current V
OUT, I
OUT
In the embodiment in figure 1, charging control unit 12 is gone back power ratio control metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) (MOS) transistor T, thereby limits charging current I when power supply almost completely discharges
CHFlow into rechargable power supplies 22.When the voltage of rechargable power supplies 22 hangs down very much (, when rechargable power supplies almost completely discharges), charging control unit 12 is with linear model control transistor T, so that from output voltage V
OUTThe charging current I that the output node at place flows out
CHCan not cause too much the reducing or " reduction " of output voltage.In case the voltage of rechargable power supplies 22 increases to closer to output voltage V
OUTValue (such as, when the voltage of rechargable power supplies increased to its operating voltage 75% the time), after this charging control unit 12 makes the complete conducting of transistor T, thereby allows with maximum charging current I
CHFor rechargable power supplies 22 charges.
Although in the embodiment in figure 1, DC to DC converter 29 has the buck converter topology structure, also allows to adopt in other embodiments other topological structures.For example, in an alternate embodiment of the invention, DC to DC converter 29 has buck (Buck-Boost), boosts (Boost) or Cook (Cuk) or other topological structures that is fit to.In these alternative embodiments, as known to those skilled in the art, self adaptation charge controller 28 operates to produce desired control signal with the operation of control DC to DC converter 29.
Referring now to Fig. 2, this figure is the more detailed functional block diagram of the self adaptation charge controller 28 of Fig. 1.In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, self adaptation charge controller 28 comprises pulse width modulation (PWM) controller 40, it is from a plurality of mode control module 42-50 reception control signals and produce pulse width modulation control signal PWMI and PWMV, thus the output current I that control is provided by charging control unit 12
OUTAnd output voltage V
OUTPWM controller 40 also produces control signal PWMC with the operation of control transistor T, controls thus as charging current I
CHBe provided for rechargable power supplies 22 output current I
OUTQuantity or part, and be used in more detail when the voltage on the rechargable power supplies almost completely discharges, limiting this charging current.
In the embodiment shown, mode control module 42-50 comprises constant voltage (CV) control module 42, constant current (CC) control module 44, trickle charge (TR) control module 46, dynamic power management (DPM) control module 48 and adaptive power management (APM) control module 50.Self adaptation charge controller 28 operates in a plurality of different modes, each pattern in response to and controlled by different control module 42-50.The operation of DC to the DC converter in constant voltage CV, constant current CC, disappear stream TR and static power management (SPM) pattern is well-known to those skilled in the art, and will can not describe in detail herein for succinct purpose thus.Compactly, the operation of CV control module 42 control PWM controllers 40, control signal PWMI and PWMV make charging control unit 12 at constant output voltage V thus
OUTLower generation output current I
OUTThe operation of CC control module 44 control PWM controllers 40, control signal PWMI and PWMV are to cause charging control unit to produce constant output current I thus
OUTMode come work.The operation of trickle charge TR control module 46 control PWM controllers 40, to produce control signal PWMI and PWMV, control signal PWMI and PWMV make charging control unit 12 charge to rechargable power supplies 22 with at a slow speed controlled charge rate (that is, in " stream disappears " mode).
Static power management (SPPM) control module 48 control signal PWMI and PWMV work as follows: at needs multi-output current I more
OUTThe fast transient event during reduce output voltage V
OUT" reduction ".As known to those skilled in the art, in the SPPM pattern of operation, as long as the voltage at rechargable power supplies two ends is greater than being the required minimum threshold of system load 20 normal power supplies, rechargable power supplies 22 just is connected to output node 26 (Fig. 1).By this way, rechargable power supplies 22 provides output current I
OUTA part, and in the event of some transient state situation that system load 20 occurs, for output current I
OUTNeeds increase and surpass electric current that AC adapter 16 provides (namely greater than input current I
IN), after this rechargable power supplies 22 and AC adapter 16 joint operations are to provide required output current.When the voltage at rechargable power supplies 22 two ends is lower than minimum threshold for system load 20 normal power supplies, rechargable power supplies and output node 26 (Fig. 1) isolation, and charge with " stream disappears " pattern by TR control module 46.
As input voltage V
INWith input current I
INWhen having some mode of operation, APM control module 50 control PWM controllers 40 are to produce control signal PWMI and PWMV.Especially distinguishingly, as hereinafter describing in detail, as input voltage V
INDrop to and be lower than voltage threshold or work as input current I
INWhen surpassing current threshold, APM control module 50 is controlled PWM controller 40 with the APM pattern.For example, this situation occurs in as the needed output current I of the combination of system load 20 and rechargable power supplies 22
OUTSurpassing can be from the input current I of AC adapter 16 acquisitions
INThe time (, required input current I
INSurpass the maximum output current I that 16 of AC adapters can provide
OAThe time).As known to those skilled in the art, this input voltage V
INDecline show input current I
INBecome too large, so that input voltage begins " collapse ".
Show the more detailed functional block diagram of an embodiment of the APM control module 50 of Fig. 2 during Fig. 3.In the embodiment shown, APM control module 50 comprises reception input voltage V
IN(Fig. 1) with input current signal V
INMaximum power point tracking (Fig. 1) (MPPT) module 52.As hereinafter will more describing in detail, MPPT module 52 can operate to produce in response to input voltage V
INAnd electric current I
INReference control signal V
RInput dynamic power management (IDPM) control module 54 can be come in response to reference control signal V by normal mode
RAnd in response to output current signal V
IOUTAnd output voltage V
OUTIn one or more the operation, 40 (Fig. 2) produce control signal PWMI, PWMV and PWMC as follows with control PWM controller: preferentially with output current I
OUT Offer system load 20, and will remain output current I
OUTAs charging current I
CHFor rechargable power supplies 22 charges.As well known to the skilled person, IDPM control module 54 also is operable as in response to input voltage V
INDrop to and be lower than threshold value V
IN_DPMAnd reduce output current, thereby prevent that input voltage from reducing too much.
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of an embodiment of the MPPT module 52 of Fig. 3.In the embodiment shown, MMPT module 52 comprises comparator 58, and comparator 58 has the input voltage of reception V
INAn input and receive input threshold value V
EAnother input.Input threshold value V
EOutput voltage V corresponding to AC adapter 16 (Fig. 1)
OA, as previously described, output voltage V
OAThe input voltage V of the charging control unit 12 of Fig. 1
INTherefore, comparator 58 is determined input voltage V
INWhether drop to and be lower than input threshold value V
E, still as described above, when the output voltage V of AC adapter 16
OA(that is, input voltage V
IN) drop to be lower than and input threshold value V
EThe time, IDPM control module 54 (Fig. 3) is activated.
Comparator 58 schematically is designed to have a certain amount of hysteresis, thereby as input voltage V
IN(that is, from the output voltage V of AC adapter 16
OA) drop to be lower than and input threshold value V
EThe time, comparator 58 produces and activates enable signal E, on the contrary, and as input voltage V
INBe increased to greater than input threshold value V
EWith lagging voltage V
HAnd (V
IN＞V
E+ V
H1) time, comparator 58 produces inefficacy enable signal E.Replacedly, comparator 58 can be configured to as expression input current I
INThe input current signal V of numerical value
INIncrease to greater than input threshold value V
EThe time produce to activate enable signal E, and as input current signal I
INBe reduced to and be lower than input threshold value V
EWith lagging voltage V
HThe voltage of difference the time drive enable signal E and lost efficacy.In this case, input threshold value V
EWith lagging voltage V
HWith the I from AC adapter 16
OA/ I
INRelevant current threshold is relevant, and in the situation in front, this all with the output voltage V of AC adapter
OARelevant voltage threshold is relevant.
Schematically provide each adaptive gain and filter circuit 60,64 filtering part, to remove at analog input signal V
INAnd V
IINOn the noise that may exist.In this, in an embodiment of MPPT module 52, each adaptive gain and filter circuit 60,64 all are conventional low pass filters.In other embodiments, adaptive gain and filter circuit 60,64 can be the signal filter circuits of other known type.Filtered analog signals V
INAnd V
IINCan be called F (V respectively herein
IN) and F (V
IIN), and corresponding to by circuit 60,64 with the filtered analog signals of gain application before these signals.
Each adaptive gain and filter circuit 60,64 adaptive gain part schematically are configured to gain application that self adaptation is determined in (for example, as multiplication) filtering analog input signal F (V
IN) and F (V
IIN), so that each consequent adjusted analog signal V
AAnd V
IAValue all fall into by in predetermined low value and the determined window of high value.For adaptive gain and filter circuit 60,64 operation are shown, be applied to filtered analog signals F (V by gain and filter circuit 60
IN) on gain will be marked as G herein
60, and be applied to filtered analog signals F (V by gain and filter circuit 64
IIN) on gain will be marked as G herein
64Thus, according to these marks, V
A=G
60* F (V
IN), V
IA=G
64* F (V
IIN).
Each adaptive gain and filter circuit 60,64 schematically be designed to each output of adc circuit 62 be scheduled to low value and high value compares, if and each output of adc circuit 62 is higher than predetermined high value then reduces its yield value, if each output of adc circuit 62 is lower than and is scheduled to low value then increases its yield value.Should be appreciated that the low value that is used to adaptive gain and filter circuit 60 can be identical with high value one or both of with those low values that are used to adaptive gain and filter circuit 64 with high value one or both of, also can be different, these low values can be selected by various different modes in different embodiment with high value.Should also be appreciated that circuit 60,64 can be configured to increase or reduce its yield value separately reaches identical or different amount, and in each circuit, gain the amount that increases can be identical with the amount that gain reduces, also can be different.Circuit 60,64 any one or both increase and/or reduce its separately the amount of yield value can change between the embodiment of different MPPT modules 52 being used for.
In an illustrative example of adaptive gain and filter circuit 60,64 adaptive gain part, each circuit 60,64 predetermined low value be adc circuit 62 gamut (namely, the maximum variable of adc circuit 62) 25%, and each circuit 60,64 predetermined high value be adc circuit 62 gamut 75%, and each yield value G
60And G
64The amount that increases or reduce is 1/2 of current gain value.Use the example of 10 bit adc circuits 62, the gamut of this adc circuit 62 is 1024.Therefore predetermined low value is (0.25*1024)=256, and predetermined high value is (0.75*1024)=768.In adaptive gain and filter circuit 60, this example embodiment of 64, each circuit 60,64 is thus by with V
AAnd V
IACount value compare with 256 and 768 respectively and operate identically.If V
ACount value less than 256, yield value G then
60Double (for example, G
60=2*G
60), and if V
IACount value less than 256, yield value G then
64Double too (for example, G
64=2*G
64).If V
ACount value on the contrary greater than 768, yield value G then
60(for example, G reduces by half
60=G
60/ 2), and if V
IACount value greater than 768, yield value G then
64(for example, G too reduces by half
64=G
64/ 2).If V
AOr V
IACount value all be on the contrary between 256 and 768 corresponding yield value G
60Or G
64Then do not change respectively.This process lasts till V
AAnd V
IABoth all are positioned between predetermined low value and the high value (for example being respectively 256 and 768).Will be understood that this particular embodiment only is used for the example purpose, should not be construed and plays restriction.
Numeral multiple circuit 66 is operable as the digital signal V from adc circuit 62
ADAnd V
IADMultiply each other, thereby produce input power P
IN=V
AD* V
IAD, the electric power that its expression is received by the charging control unit 12 of Fig. 1 (that is the electric power that, is provided by the AC adapter 16 of Fig. 1).Input power P
INBe provided to storage and comparison circuit 68, storage and comparison circuit 68 comprise memory register (not shown in Figure 4), and memory register wherein stores input power P
INThe nearest value of value.Storage and comparison circuit 68 are also relatively inputted P
INCurrency and input power P
INStoring value before.Storage and comparison circuit 68 are also based on input P
INCurrency and the difference between the storing value determine step value, and based on P
INCurrency be greater than or less than P
INStoring value determine the direction value of input power.Step value determine can be weighting also can be unweighted, can be simply to count poor or comprise that more complicated difference determines.Storage and comparison circuit 68 adopt step-length and direction value that the output that provides to conventional digital to analog converter (DAC) circuit 70 is provided, and this d convertor circuit 70 is converted to numeral output with reference to control signal V
RCurrent value.
The IDPM circuit 54 of Fig. 3 can be in response to the reference control signal V from DAC70
R, control signal is applied to PWM controller 40 (Fig. 2), as previously mentioned, PWM controller 40 is controlled the duty ratio of control signal PWMI, PWMV subsequently.As hereinafter describing in detail, in the required situation of electric power greater than the electric power that can be produced by AC adapter 16 of the combination of system load 20 or system load 20 and rechargable power supplies 22, the APM control module is operating as following mode: control inputs voltage V
INWith input current I
INThereby in one or the other make the input power that is supplied to charging control unit 12 (Fig. 1) from AC adapter 16 have maximum.
Storage in the MPPT module of Fig. 4 and the comparison circuit 68 one or more conventional input power maximization algorithm in is according to one embodiment of present invention determined step value.In one embodiment, storage and comparison circuit 68 are configured to use conventional MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to determine step value, and this algorithm is designed to reference to control signal V
RBe adjusted to and make the input power P that is supplied with by AC adapter 16
INMaximized value.For example, MPPT module 52 can be implemented the MPPT algorithm with the form of conventional disturbance observation algorithm.In this way, MPPT module 52 is with reference to control signal V
RValue be adjusted to the new value that comes from its current value, and determine subsequently whether this newly causes input power P with reference to the control signal value
INIncrease or reduce.If input power PIN increases, then MPPT module 52 again adjust in the same direction the VR signal (such as, again increase the value of VR with step value).MPPT module 52 determines again subsequently whether this newly causes input power P with reference to the control signal value
INIncrease or reduce.As long as input power P
INIncrease, then MPPT module 52 is adjusted the VR signal with continuing to increase by this way.When MPPT module 52 is determined to cause current input power P with reference to the new value of control signal VR
INWhen beginning to reduce from its last numerical value, then after this MPPT module 52 increases the VR signal in the opposite direction.For example, if increase continuously the value of VR signal with step value, will cause continuous more high power input PIN value, then MPPT module 52 is carried out this operation continuously, until input power reduces, the MPPT module begins to reduce the VR signal with step value at this moment.
In this, as describing in detail with reference to Fig. 7 A and 7B, comprise the APM module 50 control charging systems 10 (Fig. 1) of MPPT module, thereby make charging system can operate in the maximum power of (or more accurate being in close proximity to) AC adapter 16.Simply with reference to Fig. 7 A and 7B, as shown in FIG. in described APM operator scheme just now, the value of input voltage VIN and input current IIN is changing or " change " with around the more corresponding medians that cause from the actual value of the VIN of the maximum power of AC adapter 16 and IIN.This is correct, because as just now described, MPPT module 52 usefulness step values are adjusted the VR signal, and this limited step value causes maybe this change of such change of input voltage VIN and input current IIN, and therefore causes input power PIN change around the true maximum power of AC adapter 16.
The 52 final changes that arrive given step value of MPPT module cause the moment that input power PIN reduces, and after this MPPT module changes increases the direction that step value is adjusted the step value of VR signal.For example, suppose with step value and increase continuously the value that the VR signal causes increasing continuously input power PIN.At a time, the VR signal that increases newly will cause that input power PIN reduces.After this MPPT module changes the direction that the VR signal is adjusted, and reduces the VR signal with step value thus.This will cause that input power PIN increases, so input power PIN will reduce the VR signal again.At this moment input power PIN will reduce, and then MPPT module 52 will change the direction that the VR signal is adjusted again, and increase the VR signal with step value.MPPT module 52 operates to control charging system 10 continuously by this way, thereby the input power PIN that is supplied with by AC adapter 16 is changed or change around true maximum.In order to reduce the amount of this change, when detecting this change conditions, MPPT module 52 can reduce the amplitude of step value, and controls thus charging system 10 closer to the true maximum power PIN of AC adapter 16.
Other embodiment of MPPT module 52 adopt different MPPT algorithms, for example, and conventional increase electrical conductivity method, constant voltage method, etc.In other other embodiment, storage in the MPPT module 52 and comparison circuit 68 can replacedly be operating as according to other conventional maximums determines that technology determines step value, these conventional maximums determine that the example of technology includes but not limited to: one or more digital search techniques, one or more conventional iterative techniques, etc.
Fig. 5 shows the sequential chart according to the operation of the MPPT module 52 of Fig. 4 of an embodiment.The sequential chart that will be understood that Fig. 5 shows the reference control signal VR that is produced by MPPT module 52, and can understand that the remaining time waveform shown in the accompanying drawing is illustrated in operating period performed event in MPPT module 52.Allocation plan 5 by this way, the performed event of MPPT module 52 to be shown with respect to causing with reference to control signal V
RThe sequential chart of variation of value, be used for illustrating the power saving features that self adaptation charge controller 28 is implemented.In this, the starting point of expression by each performed event full set of MPPT module 52 that changes of low paramount (or high to low) in the clock timing waveform 86.In Fig. 5, be shown as V by MPPT module 52 performed event full set
RThe combination of signal 98 and a plurality of event waveforms, a plurality of event waveforms comprise measurement (MEASURE) waveform 88, compare (COMPARE) waveform 90, adjust gain (ADJUST GAIN) waveform 92, measure and storage (MEASURE﹠amp; STORE) waveform 94 and adjustment (ADJUST) waveform 96 wherein represent time t along trunnion axis.
For example, the first event full set starts from time t
0, clock (CLOCK) 86 and measure (MEASURE) 88 and all changes from low to high this moment, this has for example initiated by adaptive gain and filter circuit 60 and the 64 pairs of input voltages and electric current V
INAnd V
IINRespectively measurement.Within the duration of measuring (MEASURE) 88, V
INAnd V
IINBy adaptive gain and filter circuit 60 and 64, so that V
INAnd V
IINEach is filtered, and be multiplied by subsequently corresponding yield value (for example, for the first time by the time multiply by and all be set as 1 G
60And G
64), all as indicated above, adc circuit 62 is with the V that produces
ABe converted to V
AD, and with V
IABe converted to V
IAD, after this digital multiplier 66 calculates P
INAt moment t
1, measure (MEASURE) 88 and changes from high to low, relatively (COMPARE) 90 changess from low to high, and storage and comparison circuit 68 are with P during this period
INWith the P in the one or more memory registers that are stored in storage and the comparison circuit 68
INLast numerical value compare, determine step value and V with aforesaid
RThe change direction.For the first event sets, P
INStoring value can be such as but not limited to before the storage P
INValue, acquiescence performance number or current P
INValue.After this at moment t
2, relatively (COMPARE) 90 changess from high to low, changess from low to high and adjust gain (ADJUST GAIN) 92, and yield value G is adjusted on adaptive gain and filter circuit 60 and 64 ground as indicated above when needed during this period
60And/or G
64After this at moment t3, whole gain (ADJUST GAIN) 92 is changesd from high to low, and measures and storage (MEASURE﹠amp; STORE) 94 changes from low to high, and adaptive gain and filter circuit 60 and 64 are measured respectively input voltage and electric current V during this period
INAnd V
IIN, V
INAnd V
IINBy adaptive gain and filter circuit 60 and 64, thereby make V
INAnd V
IINEach is filtered and after this be multiplied by respectively accordingly (and may be adjusted) yield value G
60And G
64, after this adc circuit 62 is with the V that produces
ABe converted to V
AD, and with V
IABe converted to V
IAD, after this digital multiplier 66 calculates P
IN, and after this storage and comparison circuit 68 with current P
INWith the P that stores in one or more memory registers in storage and comparison circuit 68
INLast numerical value compare, to determine step value and V
RThe change direction.After this at moment t
4, measure and storage (MEASURE﹠amp; STORE) 94 changes from high to low, changes from low to high and adjust (ADJUST) 96, and DAC circuit 70 is converted to analog signal (for example, being voltage signal in this example) with step value and direction during this period, and with this voltage signal and V
RThe currency addition, after this it cause V
R98 responses change.In the example depicted in fig. 5, at time t
4To t
5During this time, V
R98 change on the numerical value and increase, and for example, Δ V accelerates.At moment t
5, V
R98 have been adjusted (that is, having increased Δ V), and adjustment (ADJUST) 96 changess thus from high to low.As previously mentioned, in order to reduce the variation of MPPT module 52, MPPT module 52 can reduce at some the amplitude of step value constantly in operating process, and aforesaid " step value " is corresponding to the Δ V among Fig. 5 herein.
Moment t
5Termination is by the first performed event full set of MPPT module 52.Referring again to Fig. 4, MPPT module 52 also comprises saving circuit of power 72, and saving circuit of power 72 schematically receives with reference to control signal V
RAs input, and produce enable signal EN as output.Enable signal EN is provided among adaptive gain and filter circuit 60 and 64, ADC 62, multiple circuit 66, storage and comparison circuit 68 and the DAC 80 input that enables of each.Schematically, saving circuit of power 72 monitoring are with reference to control voltage V
R, and at t
1-t
4(that is, work as V during this time
RWhen not being adjusted), enable signal EN is set to the operation value of enabling, for example logic height or logic low, thus make circuit 60,62,64,66,68 and 70 complete operations of MPPT module 52.Work as V
RAdjusting (ADJUST) time durations (for example, at t
4And t
5Between) (for example reach steady state value or other burning voltage level after being changed, Δ V shown in Fig. 5) time, saving circuit of power 72 changes the value (for example, change to logic low or change to the logic height) of EN, EN is set as the circuit malfunction value.In the embodiment of MPPT module 52 shown in Figure 4, circuit 60,62,64,66,68 and 70 enters standby mode in response to the circuit malfunction value of EN.Schematically, be used for circuit 60,62,64 and 66 standby mode is shutdown mode, these circuit 60,62,64 and 66 are closed fully in this pattern, thereby make them no longer consume any electric current.Circuit 68 and 70 shutdown mode schematically are sleep patterns, and they only consume and keep its effectively enough electric current of (that is, stored and current) data in this pattern.Thus, in response to detected V
RSteady state value or other stability numbers, saving circuit of power 72 lost efficacy MPPT module 52, for example by at time interval t
5To t
6Between disconnect MPPT module 52 some or all of residual circuits electric power or make it to lose efficacy, thus at this time interval conserve power.A scheduled wait time cycle (that is, at t
5To t
6Between) afterwards, saving circuit of power 72 changes the value of EN again, it is high or change to logic low for example to change to logic, with at moment t
6EN is reset to the circuit value of enabling.At moment t
6Beginning is by the performed new event full set of MPPT module 52, at t
0-t
6Between described all event again begin and at time t
6And t
11Between as just now described, be performed, and after that as long as MPPT module 52 is activated and just repeats.Certainly some that occurs that given variation causes that input power PIN reduces with step value Δ V at reference control signal VR constantly,, as previously described, will reduce continuously and can not increase with step value Δ V with reference to the value of control signal.
Fig. 6 is the flow chart that an instantiation procedure 100 is shown, this instantiation procedure 100 is by the MPPT module 52 in the APM module among Fig. 2 and IDPM unit 54 and 40 execution of PWM controller, be used for making AC adapter 16 in front described operational circumstances (that is, as the required input current I of the combination of system load 20 and rechargable power supplies 22
IN16 electric currents that can provide of AC adapter are provided) the lower maximizes power that produces.In one exemplary embodiment, MPPT module 52 realizes with the form of analog circuit that fully in this embodiment, process 100 expressions shown in Fig. 6 are by the performed algorithm of this analog circuit.(for example can comprise one or more conventional processors circuit, one or more microprocessors, signal processor, etc.) embodiment in, process 100 can be implemented at least partly as be stored in the memory and carry out one or more software algorithms with at least part of complete process 100 by processor circuit.
For illustration purpose, process 100 can be described as being implemented and being carried out by the MPPT module 52 among Fig. 2, IDPM unit 54 and PWM controller 40.Process 100 is in step 102 beginning, and this moment, MPPT module 52 was by signal V
IINMonitor and the output voltage V that is produced by AC adapter 16
OAWith output current I
OACorresponding input voltage V
INAnd input current (IOA=IIN).After this in step 104, MPPT module 52 is determined input voltage V
INWhether less than input threshold value V
E1, or replacedly, determine V
IINWhether greater than another scheduled voltage V
E2The input threshold value VE of the above-mentioned describe environment that is used for this process comes from the input voltage VIN of AC adapter 16 or the threshold value of voltage VOA, is called as in this case VE1.Replacedly, input threshold value VE is the threshold value that comes from input current IIN or the electric current I OA of AC adapter 16, is called as in this case VE2.Input threshold value V
E1It is the output voltage V that is produced by AC adapter 16
OANumerical value or amplitude, as known to those skilled in the art, when output current was lower than the rated current of adapter, it was lower than the output voltage V that is produced by adapter 16 fully
OARelative constant amplitude.The required electric current I OA (that is, input current IIN) of system load 20 and rechargable power supplies 22 is greater than by AC adapter 16 producible electric currents.In an example embodiment, V
OARelative steady state value typically be 5 volts, V
E1It can be for example 4.75 volts, although can contemplate V according to the disclosure
E1Other value.
V in the reference control signal
IREmbodiment in, V
E2Schematically in response to the output current I that is produced by AC adapter 16
OANumerical value or amplitude, this output current is higher than rated current fully, this shows the combination of charging control unit 12 and system load 20 or the required output current I of combination of charging control unit 12, system load 20 and rechargable power supplies 22
OAAmplitude greater than the amplitude of the output current that is produced by AC adapter 16.In another situation, the "No" branch of step 104 is back to step 102 with process, and the "Yes" branch of step 104 advances to step 106, and MPPT module 52 is operating as input power P in step 106
INBe calculated as V
IINAnd V
INWell known function, P for example
IN=K*V
IIN* V
IN, wherein K is with V
IINBe converted to I
INThe constant that sets of actual value.Input power P
INThe power output that yes is produced by AC adapter 16, step 106 advances to step 108, and described like that with reference to figure 3-5 as mentioned in step 108, MPPT module 52, IDPM unit 54 and PWM controller 40 co-operate are adaptively modifying V
INAnd/or V
IINWith maximization P
INAfter this in step 110, MPPT module 52 is operable as waits for a predetermined period of time, and during this wait cycle, saves the power that MPPT module 52 consumes by all or the most of circuit that disconnect MPPT module 52 inside.Thus, during the latency time period of step 110, MPPT module 52 consumes seldom electric weight or does not have electric quantity consumption, has saved thus electric weight when not needing the MPPT module operation.After this in step 112, MPPT module 52 is operable as V
INWith V
E1+ V
H1Compare, or with V
IINWith V
E2-V
H2Compare, herein V
H1And V
H2The lagging voltage value that expression is predetermined.Thus, if V
INNo longer with V at least
H1Increase to greater than V
E1If (or V
IINNo longer with V at least
H2Be decreased to less than V
E2), process 100 cycles back to step 106.Otherwise process cycles back to step 102 with restart procedure 100.Will be understood that, no matter be V with reference to control signal
ROr V
IR, can estimate V
INAnd V
IINIn one or all whether should advance to step 106 from step 104 with deterministic process 100, namely activate MPPT module 52, and/or whether deterministic process 100 should withdraw from from step 106 and 108, namely whether makes the operation failure of MPPT module 52 or otherwise no longer continue.
Under any circumstance, input dynamic power management (IDPM) unit 54 is in a usual manner in response to reference control signal VR, to produce control signal, PWM controller 40 comes the duty ratio of control signal PWMI or PWMV is controlled in the following manner according to these control signals: control switch S1 or S2 are to draw from AC adapter 16 and can be obtained by the maximum that AC adapter 16 is produced the corresponding input current I of power output respectively
IN(corresponding to the output current I of AC adapter 16
OA) and input voltage V
IN(corresponding to the output voltage V of AC adapter 16
OA).By the switching circuit of such control charging control unit 12, can be provided for by the peak power output that AC adapter 16 produces system load 20 and rechargable power supplies 22.
As previously mentioned, Fig. 7 A and 7B are illustrated in the input voltage VIN that produces during the APM control procedure of Fig. 6 and the sequential chart of input current IIN.In the APM pattern of operation, the value of input voltage VIN and input current IIN is change around some median, these medians with cause that the actual value from the VIN of the maximum power of adapter 16 and IIN is corresponding.As seen this, be used for the APM pattern in the operation in Fig. 7 A right side and Fig. 7 B left side in Fig. 7 A and 7B.In Fig. 7 A and 7B, also show another kind of operator scheme, i.e. constant voltage CV pattern.As shown in FIG., during the CV pattern of operation, 40 pairs of DC to DC converters 29 of the CV control module 42 shown in Fig. 2 and PWM controller (Fig. 1) are controlled, with at constant output voltage V
OUTThe place produces constant output current I
OUT, and therefore input voltage VIN and input current IIN have corresponding continuous steady state value, as shown in Figure 7A and 7B.Under this fine condition, AC adapter 16 can provide charging control circuit 12 (Fig. 1) that expectation constant output current I is provided
OUTWith constant output voltage V
OUTRequired input current IIN.After this in Fig. 7 A, at t0 certain event occurs constantly, the electric current that can be provided by AC adapter 16 is provided for example required mutation current of system load 20 (Fig. 1), and output current IO UT.The result is, input voltage VIN at t1 constantly begins operate in APM pattern afterwards in t0 constantly " collapse " or begin to reduce so that APM module 50 postpones a period of times.Input voltage VIN during this pattern and electric current I IN change as has been describ.In a certain moment in the after this time, system load 20 required mutation currents finish.This can be in the moment of Fig. 7 B t0 as seen.Therefore, in this example, charging control circuit 12 begins to operate in the CV pattern subsequently again, and this occurs in the moment t1 among Fig. 7 B.
Fig. 8 is shown in further detail the according to an embodiment of the invention functional schematic of the operation of the self adaptation charge controller 28 of Fig. 2.Self adaptation charge controller 28 switches operating between these different operator schemes of charging control unit 12 during operation.In the example of Fig. 8, except new input current restriction control module 80, also show CV control module 42, CC control module 44 and APM control module 50.Can comprise more or less control module in other embodiments, for example TR of Fig. 2 and SPPM control module 46,28, but only discuss in those modules shown in Fig. 8 with reference to Fig. 8 at present.
Fig. 8 shows for determining which kind of operator scheme is preferably applied in the operator scheme of control charging control unit 12 (Fig. 1).As shown in Figure 8, each control module 42,44,50 and 80 includes corresponding error amplifier E/A, and error amplifier E/A drives the corresponding output transistor T that is connected between earth terminal and the public output node 82.Input current restriction control module 80 also comprises interrupteur SW, interrupteur SW is operable as the enable signal E that produces in response to the comparator 58 by Fig. 4, optionally corresponding output transistor T is isolated from or is couple to public output node 82, as hereinafter will be in greater detail.
Each control module 42,44,50 and 80 receives respective threshold or operating parameter reference signal and monitoring or sensing.Especially distinguishingly, CV control module 42 receives output voltage with reference to V
OUT-REF, and go back the sensing output voltage V
OUT CC control module 44 receives output current with reference to I
OUT-REF, and go back sensing output current I
OUT, while APM module 50 sensing input voltage V
INAnd receive input voltage with reference to V
IN-REFFinally, input current restriction control module 80 sensing input current I
INAnd input current is with reference to I
IN-REFAs input current I
INSurpass input current with reference to I
IN-REFThe time, error amplifier E/A and control module 80 produce an output, and this output makes PWM controller 40 (Fig. 2) controlled hypotension converter 29 (Fig. 1) with the value of limiting input current, and protects in this way AC adapter 16.
As shown in Figure 8, the output of error amplifier E/A is connected to output node 82 with wired OR structure, and error amplifier is controlled the voltage level on the output node with its corresponding output transistor T conducting " the most difficult " or maximum thus.Public output transistor 84 is controlled by the voltage on the output node 82, and is coupled in series in voltage source V with constant current source 86
CCAnd between the earth terminal.Public output transistor 84 has defined a comparison node 88 with the interconnection of constant current source 86, and this comparison node 88 is couple to an input of comparator 90, and another input of comparator receives oblique wave or serrated signal.Comparator 90 produces the PWM output signal in response to the voltage on ramp signal and the comparison node 80.
In operation, error amplifier E/A controls the voltage level on the output node 82 with its corresponding output transistor T conducting " the most difficult ", the scope of the voltage level on the output node 82 and then definite public output transistor 84 conductings.The scope of public output transistor 84 conductings has been determined the voltage level on the comparison node 88.Constant current source 86 discharges to comparing node 88 with a fixed rate, simultaneously from voltage source V
CCFlow through the electric current of transistor 84 to relatively charging.Voltage level on the comparison node 88 is determined by the scope of transistor 84 conductings thus, and determines by flowing through this transistorized electric current thus.Therefore, error amplifier E/A is with its corresponding output transistor T conducting " the most difficult ", the voltage level of control on the output node 82, the voltage level on the output node 82 and then determine the scope of public output transistor 84 conductings, and come in this way to determine voltage level on the comparison node 88.Voltage level on the comparison node is certainly determined the duty ratio of the pwm signal that produced by comparator 90.
Example below describing now combines integrated operation to the integral body control of Fig. 1 charging system is provided so that control module 42,44,50 and 80 to be shown.Suppose that rechargable power supplies 22 almost completely discharges when initial, expression charging control unit 12 provides relatively large output current IO UT, the load current IL that output current IO UT comprises the charging current ICH that rechargable power supplies is charged and is provided for system load 20.In this case, the required output current IO UT input current IIN that can provide greater than 16 of AC adapters.Allow AC adapter 16 to provide this high input current IIN will make the AC adapter overload, adapter is damaged or fault.In this case, the too high input current IIN of input current restriction control module 80 sensings, thereby make this control module determine voltage level on the public output node 82, the voltage level on the comparison node 88 and then control thus the pwm signal that is produced by comparator 90.The input current IIN that the pwm signal restriction that produces is drawn from AC adapter 16.Adopt this input current IIN that required load current IL is provided to system load 20, adopt residual current (IIN-IL=ICH) as charging current ICH so that rechargable power supplies 22 is charged.The transistor T of self adaptation charge controller 28 control charts 1 is to be set as admissible value with charging current ICH.
The electric current that now supposition system load 20 and/or rechargable power supplies 22 need still less means that output current IO UT is now lower.Suppose that also AC adapter 16 can provide required output current IO UT now.In this case, CC control module 44 can be controlled integrated operation now, mean that this control module drives public output node 88 to control the voltage on this node, and control by this way voltage level on the comparison node 88, and control thus the pwm signal that comparator 90 produces.In this way, CC control module 44 makes 28 operations of self adaptation charge controller, thereby provide constant output current IOUT, the part of constant output current IOUT becomes the charging current ICH that rechargable power supplies 22 is charged, and a part becomes the load current IL to system load 20 power supplies.
After now supposition a period of time, rechargable power supplies 22 almost completely charges, and means that required charging current ICH correspondingly reduces.Therefore, the value of required output current IO UT reduces, at this constantly, CV control module 42 by determine on the public output node 82 voltage level and and then definite comparison node 88 on voltage level control.CV control module 42 is controlled the pwm signal that is produced by comparator 90 in this manner, output voltage VO UT is maintained at the constant value on required output current IO UT.
APM module 50 is controlled integrated operation similarly, and is being reduced to when being lower than corresponding reference value VIN-REF when input voltage VIN and enable signal E controls system 10 in the MPPT pattern for effectively with closing switch SW the time.When MPPT pattern when being effective, APM module 50 operates to adjust input voltage VIN and input current IIN as the aforementioned like that, draws maximum power from AC adapter 16 thus.In this way, can offer rechargable power supplies 22 from AC adapter 16 obtainable maximum currents, and can not cause the overload of AC adapter 16.In the operation that the integrated operation of APM module 50 in the MPPT pattern controlled, if the input current IIN that produces surpasses the input current restriction reference value IIN-REF of input current restriction control module 80, the then integrated operation of input current restriction control module adapter charging system 10.Therefore in the operating period of APM module 50 in the MPPT pattern, the APM module can be adjusted input voltage the trial of attempting to make the maximizes power of drawing from the AC adapter, and input current IIN is increased reach the input current restriction reference value IIN-REF of input current restriction control module 80.When this situation occured, 80 pairs of integrated operations of input current restriction control module were controlled, and APM module 50 inefficacies (that is, enable signal E drives quilt for losing efficacy to open interrupteur SW).
Fig. 9 is that the self adaptation charge controller 28 of according to an embodiment of the invention Fig. 2 operates to draw input current, input voltage and the input power figure of maximum power from the AC adapter 16 of Fig. 1 in the MPPT pattern.Corresponding power P IN=VIN*IIN also is shown in the drawings.In operation, the operation of self adaptation charge controller 28 in APM module 50 control charts 1 makes charging system 10 operations point M shown in Figure 9.In this, AC adapter 16 provides input current IIN, and input current IIN equals IAPM under input voltage VIN equals VAPM, so that the maximum power that provided by AC adapter 16 is provided at the M point.In order to compare purpose, other operating point A and B is shown also in Fig. 9.The point that some A AC adapter 16 when operating in input current restriction (that is, referring to Fig. 8 module 80) pattern when system 10 is operated.Point B is corresponding to AC adapter and the points of for example inputting dynamic power management IDPM co-operate for the control module 54 described routines of Fig. 3.At the figure of input power PIN a M, A and B are shown, as seen from the figure, some M causes than an A or the larger input power PIN of some B, and some M is the maximum power point of AC adapter 16.Arrow 90 among Fig. 9 illustrates self adaptation charge controller 28 in the operating period of MPPT pattern, and as described with reference to the input voltage VIN among Fig. 3-6 and electric current I IN before, how input voltage VIN changes around maximum power point M or change.
Even it will be understood to those of skill in the art that to have proposed various embodiment and advantage of the present invention in the aforementioned specification, above-mentioned openly also only is schematically, can make various variations in detail, and it is still within the wide in range principle of the present invention.For example, can use numeral or analog circuit or its combination to realize above-mentioned many assemblies, and suitable, can realize by the software of in the processor circuit that is fit to, carrying out.Therefore, the present invention not only is confined to claim.
Claims (20)
1. charger comprises:
Input,
At least one switch has the first node that is couple to reference voltage,
Current sensor is coupled between the Section Point of described input and described at least one switch,
Export, be couple to the 3rd node of described at least one switch, and
Charge controller, be couple to described input and be configured to determine input voltage, be couple to described current sensor and be configured to determine input current, and the control inputs that is couple to described at least one switch, described at least one switching response is in the voltage and current that is provided by described charge controller in the described output of controlling described charger to the control signal of its control inputs, described charge controller is configured in response to described input voltage and described input current so that the electrical power of drawing in the described input almost maximized mode produce described control signal.
2. charger as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises filter, is coupled between described the 3rd node of described output and described at least one switch.
3. charger as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described charge controller has a plurality of operator schemes, described a plurality of operator scheme comprises the dynamic power management pattern, surpassing the electrical power of in described input, drawing in the electrical power requirements in the described input during the dynamic power management pattern, described charge controller is configured in the described dynamic power management pattern and produces described control signal based on the reference control signal
And wherein, described charge controller comprises the adaptive power management unit, described adaptive power management unit is configured to produce described with reference to control signal, described adaptive power management unit be configured to by so that the electrical power of drawing in the described input almost maximized mode change described with reference to control signal, so that described input voltage and described input current are made response.
4. charger as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described adaptive power management unit comprises:
The first simulation adaptive gain circuit has the input that receives described input voltage and the output that produces regulated voltage, and described regulated voltage is the product of described input voltage and the first yield value,
The second simulation adaptive gain circuit has the input that receives described input current and the output that produces the adjusted electric current, and described adjusted electric current is the product of described input current and the second yield value,
The first converter is used for described regulated voltage is transformed to discrete voltage, and is the discrete electrical flow valuve with the adjusted current transformation,
Multiple circuit, for generation of the input power value, described input power value is the product of described discrete voltage and described discrete electrical flow valuve,
Comparison circuit, for generation of and described input power value and the input power value determined before between the proportional step value of difference, and
The second converter is used for described step value is transformed to described with reference to control signal.
5. charger as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described the first simulation adaptive gain Circuit responce is adjusted described the first yield value in described discrete voltage, makes described discrete voltage between predetermined low value and predetermined high value.
6. charger as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described the second simulation adaptive gain Circuit responce is adjusted described the second yield value in described discrete electrical flow valuve, makes described discrete electrical flow valuve between predetermined low value and predetermined high value.
7. charger as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, each includes the analog signal filter circuit described the first and second simulation adaptive gain circuit.
8. charger as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described comparison circuit comprises one or more memory registers, is used for storing therein the input power value, is used for comparing with the input power value of determining afterwards.
9. charger as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described charge controller is made with analog circuit fully.
10. charging system comprises:
Adapter is used for the AC electrical power is converted to the DC electrical power, and the dc voltage that is wherein produced by described adapter reduces rapidly along with the DC electric current that is produced by described adapter is increased to above load current value,
Electronic equipment has the power input, and described power input is couple at least one electric rechargable power supplies and is couple at least one electronic circuit, described at least one electronic circuit define system load,
Charging control unit, have: be couple to the input of described adapter, be couple to the output of the described power input of described electronic equipment, be used for DC electric current that sensing produces by described adapter and the transducer of generation current sensing signal, and be coupled in commutation circuit between the described charging control unit input and output, described commutation circuit controllably offers described charging control unit with dc voltage and DC electric current by described adapter in response to the control signal that is produced by described charging control unit, described charging control unit is in response to the dc voltage that is provided by described adapter and in response to described current signal, when surpassing described rated current by the required described DC electric current of electronic equipment of living in, so that the maximized mode of DC electrical power that described adapter produces produces described control signal.
11. charging system as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, when dropping to, the described dc voltage that is produced by described adapter is lower than scheduled voltage, when following described charging control unit to the demand of the DC electric current that surpasses rated current, described charging control unit is in response to the described dc voltage that is produced by described adapter and in response to described current signal, so that the maximized mode of DC electrical power that described adapter produces produces described control signal.
12. charging system claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, described charging control unit comprises the charge controller that produces described control signal, described charge controller has a plurality of operator schemes, described a plurality of operator scheme comprises the dynamic power management pattern, the DC electric current required in charging control unit described in described dynamic power management pattern surpasses rated current, described charge controller operates in described dynamic power management pattern, based on the reference control signal, to produce described control signal
And wherein, described charge controller comprises the adaptive power management unit, described adaptive power management unit produces described with reference to control signal, described adaptive power management cell response is in the described dc voltage that is produced by described adapter and in response to described current signal, and is described with reference to control signal so that the maximized mode of the electrical power that described adapter produces changes.
13. charging system as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, described adaptive power management unit comprises:
The first simulation adaptive gain circuit, have the input that receives the described dc voltage that is produced by described adapter and and the output that produces regulated voltage, described regulated voltage is the described dc voltage that produced by described adapter and the product of the first yield value,
The second simulation adaptive gain circuit has the input that receives described current signal and the output that produces the adjusted electric current, and described adjusted electric current is the product of described current signal and the second yield value,
The first converter is used for described regulated voltage is transformed to discrete voltage, and is the discrete electrical flow valuve with the adjusted current transformation,
Multiple circuit, for generation of the input power value, described input power value is the product of described discrete voltage and described discrete electrical flow valuve,
Comparison circuit, for generation of and described input power value and the input power value determined before between the proportional step value of difference, and
The second converter is used for described step value is transformed to described with reference to control signal.
14. charger as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described the first simulation adaptive gain Circuit responce is adjusted described the first yield value in described discrete voltage, so that described discrete voltage is at predetermined low value with between predetermined high the value,
And wherein, described the second simulation adaptive gain Circuit responce is adjusted described the second yield value in described discrete electrical flow valuve, so that described discrete electrical flow valuve is between predetermined low value and predetermined high value.
15. method that dc voltage is offered electronic equipment from adapter, described adapter is DC electric current and voltage with AC electric current and voltage transitions, the described dc voltage that is wherein produced by described adapter reduces rapidly along with the DC electric current that is produced by described adapter is increased to above load current value, and described method comprises:
One of the described dc voltage that monitoring is produced by described adapter and described DC electric current, and
If dropping to, one of described dc voltage and described DC electric current be lower than predetermined voltage, and the DC electric current of monitoring surpasses described rated current, then so that the described DC electrical power that is provided by described adapter almost maximized mode control adaptively the level one of at least that is offered the described dc voltage of described electronic equipment and described DC electric current by described adapter.
16. a method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, controls adaptively the level one of at least that offers the described dc voltage of described electronic equipment and described DC electric current by described adapter and comprises:
Repeat following step:
The described DC electric current that measurement is provided by described adapter, and produce the analog current signal corresponding with it,
Sample described dc voltage and described analog current signal,
Calculate power, as the function of the dc voltage of sampling with the analog current signal of sampling,
Direction larger towards described power and that be stored in the nearest previous power value in the memory is determined tracking direction,
Always adjust with reference to control signal based on described track side, and
Based on the described level one of at least that is offered the described dc voltage of described electronic equipment and described DC electric current by described adapter of controlling with reference to control signal.
17. method as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Amplify the described dc voltage that is produced by described adapter with the voltage gain value, and
Amplify by described analog current signal with the current gain value;
And wherein, sample described dc voltage and described analog current signal comprise: the dc voltage that sampling has been amplified and the analog current signal that has amplified.
18. method as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, also comprises: adjust described with reference to control signal before:
If the dc voltage of sampling is not between predetermined low value and predetermined high value, then repeatedly revise described voltage gain value as the function of the dc voltage of sampling, and the dc voltage that is amplified by the voltage gain value of revising sampled, until the dc voltage value of sampling is between described predetermined low value and described predetermined high value
If the analog current signal of sampling is not between described predetermined low value and described predetermined high value, then repeatedly revise described current gain value as the function of the analog current signal of sampling, and the analog current signal that is amplified by the current gain value of revising sampled, until the analog current signal of sampling is between described predetermined low value and described predetermined high value
Calculate previous power value, as the dc voltage of nearest sampling and the function of nearest analog current signal of sampling, and
Described previous power value is stored in the memory.
19. method as claimed in claim 17, it is characterized in that, described method also comprises: at dc voltage and the analog current signal that has amplified measuring described DC electric current, amplify described dc voltage, amplify described analog current signal, sampling has been amplified, between each iteration of calculating described power, determine described tracking direction and adjusting described combination with reference to control signal carries out, postpone a predetermined period of time.
20. method as claimed in claim 19, it is characterized in that, also comprise: the adaptive power management circuit, comprise be used to amplifying described dc voltage, be used for amplifying described analog current signal, be used for dc voltage and the analog current signal that has amplified that sampling amplified, be used for calculating described power, be used for determining described tracking direction and be used for adjusting described electronic circuit with reference to control signal
And wherein, described method is closed described adaptive power management circuit during also being included in described predetermined period of time, to save during described predetermined period of time by the employed electrical power of described adaptive power management circuit.
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201161478575P | 2011-04-25 | 2011-04-25 | |
| US61/478,575 | 2011-04-25 | ||
| US201261604226P | 2012-02-28 | 2012-02-28 | |
| US61/604,226 | 2012-02-28 | ||
| US13/421,836 US20120235630A1 (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2012-03-15 | Charging system with adaptive power management |
| US13/421,836 | 2012-03-15 | ||
| US201261617609P | 2012-03-29 | 2012-03-29 | |
| US61/617,609 | 2012-03-29 |
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|---|---|
| CN103001298A true CN103001298A (en) | 2013-03-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012101890798A Pending CN103001298A (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2012-04-25 | Charging system with adaptive power management |
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| CN (1) | CN103001298A (en) |
| TW (1) | TW201251269A (en) |
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| CN103219783A (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2013-07-24 | 重庆邮电大学 | Frequency converting control method appropriate for charging process of electric automobile |
| CN103647334A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-03-19 | 苏州贝克微电子有限公司 | Current-adjustable battery charging circuit |
| CN103855782A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-06-11 | 深圳市普林泰克科技有限公司 | Self-adaption power output power control algorithm of wireless charger |
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