CN102996773B - The right-angle drive speed reducer of bearing grease lubrication - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical deceleration. A right-angle transmission reducer with bearing grease lubrication includes a machine base, a worm gear, a worm, and a driven gear. The driven gear is connected to the worm, and the worm gear is connected to the output shaft. It is characterized in that: Both ends of the worm are supported in the wall hole of the machine base by sealed bearings. After the second sealed bearing, spacer rings, thrust bearings and glands connected to the end faces of the bearing holes are installed in sequence, and the output shaft is supported by bearings and sealed bearings in the corresponding holes of the machine base wall. Among them, there are seals on both sides of the bearing, and the sealed bearing at the end of the output shaft is followed by a spacer ring, a thrust bearing and a round end cover connected to the end face of the bearing hole. Beneficial effects: The biggest technical effect of the planetary gear box with bearing grease lubrication for rolling bearings and gear oil for gears in the box is that the bearings run reliably, so the reducer has a long service life and low noise.

Description

Bearing Grease Lubricated Right Angle Drive Reducer

【Technical field】

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical deceleration, and relates to a right-angle transmission reducer lubricated by bearing grease. lubricating,.

【Background technique】

Germany SEW company R, F, K and S four series of reducers, is the most widely imitated model after the cycloid reducer in China, and it is widely used in tobacco machinery production lines, beer production lines, mining machinery...

R series helical gear reducer is equivalent to my country's coaxial cylindrical gear reducer TZ series (JB/T7000-93); F series parallel shaft helical gear reducer is comparable to Nanjing High Speed Gear Factory's YNS series (JB/T7000-93), The S series of Tangshan Metallurgical Mining Machinery Factory is comparable; the K series spiral bevel gear reducer is comparable to the YK series conical-cylindrical gear reducer (YB/T050-93) of Nanjing High Speed Gear Factory, Tangshan Metallurgical Mining Machinery Factory and Zhengzhou Machinery Research Institute ; S series helical gear worm gear reducer and my country's worm reducer (JB/T7935-95, 6387-92 and 7008-93) equivalent.

Therefore, the failures of domestic models will definitely occur in the four major series of imitation products of R, F, K and S. A fact: the K series spiral bevel gear reducer has a high failure rate when it is applied to the rotary brush aerator. The sewage treatment plant of a leather company in Zhejiang uses the K series reducer of Zhejiang ×× reducer company for the aerator. It broke in less than two months, and it broke again shortly after it was replaced. After disassembling the machine, it was carefully checked and analyzed. The reason is that the bevel teeth are located at the highest point, and the splashed lubricating oil is difficult to lubricate the rolling bearing, which makes the bearing thirsty for oil early, and the cage Broken, the scattered steel balls broke the bevel gear teeth.

"Reducer failures account for about 40% of coal mine equipment failures. Bearings are very easily damaged parts in reducers. Bearing damage forms: bearing scratches, bearing adhesion, bearing intrusion of impurities, bearing cage fracture, etc. Reason: lubrication The high content of large particles and impurities in the oil will increase the wear of the bearing." "Causes and Treatment of Mine Reducer Damage"

"The surface of the load-bearing gear tooth is subjected to different forms of stress. The tooth surface and subcutaneous metal may produce tiny cracks to form a source of fatigue. As the number of stress cycles increases, the cracks will continue to expand and connect to each other to form small pieces of metal. pitting and spalling on the surface, and fatigue damage on the tooth surface of the gear." "Fatigue Damage and Prevention of Tooth Surface of Heavy-duty Gears"

(1) The root cause of the high failure rate of bearings:

"Poor lubrication is the main cause of early failure of bearings" (Liu Zejiu "Rolling Bearing Application Manual" page 891)

"...The early failure of the bearing is often not the fatigue damage caused by the material, but the gradual deterioration of the lubricating grease after the pollutants enter the bearing, which is caused by the indentation on the rolling contact surface." ("Sealing Technology of Sealed Deep Groove Ball Bearings" 》Bearing 2009.05)

The contact stress of the radial ball bearing σmax=5000Mpa (page 134 of "Rolling Bearing Handbook" by P. д. Betelman) is 3-4 times that of the gear pair σmax=1450Mpa, so the cleanliness of the bearing grease (oil) should be far Lubricant over gears.

(a) On page 103 of "Basics of Mechanical Design" of Shanghai Institute of Mechanical Engineering: "After the gear transmission equipment has been used for a period of time, it can be found that there are wear marks on the surface of the gear teeth, especially under the conditions of poor lubrication or impure lubricating oil. It is more obvious that the root of the tooth is more severely worn than the top, and the pinion is more severely worn than the gear. The wear is caused by the force and relative sliding between the contact surfaces. There is a relative sliding length ΔS between the tooth profiles, indicating that the teeth Outlines are going to wear out."

(b) Page 94 of Zhu Xiaolu's "Gear Transmission Design Manual": In power gear transmission, tooth surface loss is inevitable due to sliding wear, corrosion, overheating, etc. on the surface of the gear teeth;

(c) "Maintenance and maintenance of wind turbine gearbox bearings": "Operators boarded the plane and found that there were 2mm ² scale-like iron filings and a large amount of metal powder in the filter; after the high-speed shaft bearing was damaged, the gear shifted, resulting in Damaged due to abnormal meshing of the surfaces.”

(2) In theory, the bearings are required to be lubricated with grease (or mineral oil without additives), and the gears are lubricated with additives:

(a) Liu Zejiu's "Rolling Bearing Application Manual" page 893: "When bearings operating at high speeds or at high temperatures cannot be lubricated with grease or when the parts adjacent to the bearing (such as gears) are lubricated with lubricating oil, the bearings are lubricated. Grease."

Page 921: "...The lubrication of rolling bearings generally uses mineral oil without additives";

(b) Page 1087 of Zhu Xiaolu's "Gear Transmission Design Manual": For gears under boundary lubrication, lubricating oil containing extreme pressure antiwear agents (additives) should be used.

The kinematic viscosity of SH/T0017-1990L-FC first-class bearing oil is 90-100; it is much smaller than the gear oil viscosity of 288-352.

Conclusion: The root cause of the high failure rate of gearboxes and bearings is that the gears and rolling bearings are lubricated with gear oil at the same time.

【Content of invention】

Provided is a bearing grease lubricated and gear oil lubricated right-angle transmission reducer lubricated by bearing grease.

【Technical solutions】

The two ends of the worm are respectively supported in the corresponding holes of the base wall by the first and second sealed bearings. After the first sealed bearing, the spacer ring, the first thrust bearing and the first gland connected to the end face of the bearing hole are installed in sequence, and the second After the sealed bearing, the spacer ring, the second thrust bearing and the second gland connected to the end face of the bearing hole are installed in sequence, and the first and second thrust bearings are filled with grease; the two sides of the output shaft are respectively supported by bearings and the third sealed bearing. In the corresponding hole of the machine base wall, there are first and second seals on both sides of the bearing respectively. The first seal is placed in the seat connected to the outer end of the bearing hole, and the third seal bearing at the end of the output shaft is followed by a spacer. , The third thrust bearing and the round end cover connected to the end surface of the bearing hole, the bearing and the third thrust bearing are filled with grease;

The sealed bearing is a contact radial sealed bearing, such as RK, or RS, or HMS (A), or MHS (A), and the seal is a rotating shaft lip seal or a combination seal.

"The self-sealing of the bearing is divided into contact type and non-contact type according to the structure. According to the contact type, it can be divided into radial seal and axial seal. According to the structure of the sealing ring, it can be divided into single lip seal and double lip seal." ( Liu Zejiu "Rolling Bearing Application Manual" page 593)

The purpose of installing the end cover before the sealed bearing: (a) when the sealed bearing is a single-lip seal structure, the space between the end cover and the side of the bearing without a seal ring is used to store a certain amount of grease; (b) when the sealed bearing is a double-lip seal Lip seal structure, the main function of the end cover is to ensure that external adverse factors such as dust, sand, etc. enter the sealed bearing. Feasibility statements for grease lubricated bearings are as follows:

①Essmann's "Rolling Bearing Design and Application Manual" page 221: "When the structure is compact, it is best to use a radial ball bearing with double-sided seals. The radial ball bearing with double-sided seals has been loaded enough for the entire bearing Grease with an expiry date."

②Bu Yan's "Practical Bearing Technical Manual" page 95: "In those places where the structure is compact, the axial size requirements are small, the sealing requirements are strict, the maintenance and oil replenishment are difficult, and it is inconvenient to use additional sealing devices, sealed bearings can be preferred."

③ Liu Zejiu's "Rolling Bearing Application Manual" page 593: "The sealed bearing can not only have a good sealed lubrication environment, but also save the complicated lubrication system. Therefore, it is recommended to use sealed bearings in the parts with compact structure and strict sealing requirements."

【Beneficial effect】

The biggest technical effect of the planetary gearbox with bearing grease lubrication for rolling bearings and forced lubrication with gear oil in the box is that the bearings run reliably, so the reducer has a long service life and low noise.

【Description of drawings】

Fig. 1. is the structural representation of the present invention

【detailed description】

Referring to Fig. 1. A kind of bearing grease lubricated right-angle transmission speed reducer, comprises machine base 1, worm gear 7, worm screw 8, driven gear 9, and described driven gear 9 is connected on the journal of worm screw 8, and described worm gear 7 Connected on the output shaft 3, it is characterized in that:

The two ends of the worm 8 are respectively supported in the corresponding holes of the frame wall by the first and second sealed bearings 10 and 17. After the first sealed bearing 10, a spacer ring, a first thrust bearing 11 and a bearing connected to the bearing are sequentially installed. The first end cover 12 on the end face of the hole, the second sealed bearing 17 is followed by a spacer ring, the second thrust bearing 18 and the second end cover 19 connected to the end face of the bearing hole, the first and second thrust bearings 11, 18 filled with grease;

The two sides of the output shaft 3 are respectively supported in the corresponding holes of the frame wall by the rolling bearing 2 and the third sealed bearing 14. The two sides of the rolling bearing 2 have first and second seals 4, 6 respectively. The seal 4 is placed in the seal seat 5 connected to the outer end of the bearing hole, and the third sealed bearing 14 at the tail end of the output shaft 3 is then sequentially installed with a spacer ring, a third thrust bearing 15 and a round end connected to the end surface of the bearing hole Cover 16, the rolling bearing 2 and the third thrust bearing 15 are filled with grease;

The sealed bearing is a contact type radial seal bearing. "The self-sealing of the bearing can be divided into contact type and non-contact type according to the structural form. According to the contact type, it can be divided into radial seal and axial seal. According to the structure of the sealing ring, it can be Divided into single-lip seal and double-lip seal." (Liu Zejiu "Rolling Bearing Application Manual" page 593);

The sealing member is a rotary shaft lip-shaped sealing ring, or a car's combined seal (Cheng Daxian "Machine Design Handbook" volume 3-10-269, page 300).

Claims (1)

1. A bearing grease lubricated right-angle drive reducer, comprising a base (1), a worm wheel (7), a worm (8), and a driven gear (9), the driven gear (9) is connected to the worm (8) ), the worm gear (7) is connected to the output shaft (3), and it is characterized in that: The two ends of the worm (8) are respectively supported in the corresponding holes of the frame wall by the first and second sealed bearings (10, 17). The bearing (11) and the first end cover (12) connected to the end face of the bearing hole, the second sealed bearing (17) is followed by a spacer ring, the second thrust bearing (18) and the second end cover connected to the end face of the bearing hole The end cover (19), the first and second thrust bearings (11, 18) are filled with grease; The two sides of the output shaft (3) are respectively supported in the corresponding holes of the frame wall by the rolling bearing (2) and the third sealed bearing (14), and the two sides of the rolling bearing (2) are respectively provided with first and second seals (4, 6), the first seal (4) is placed in the seal seat (5) connected to the outer end of the bearing hole, and the third seal bearing (14) at the tail end of the output shaft (3) is followed by Install the spacer ring, the third thrust bearing (15) and the round end cover (16) connected to the end face of the bearing hole, the rolling bearing (2) and the third thrust bearing (15) are filled with grease; The sealed bearing is a contact radial sealed bearing; The seal is a rotary shaft lip seal or a combination seal.