CN102995657B - Ecological retaining wall with embedded building blocks and construction method of retaining wall - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel retaining wall with variable dip angles and embedded building blocks, and a construction method of the retaining wall. The retaining wall is constructed by building blocks of standard layers and building blocks at a top layer, wherein the more than two standard layers of building blocks are ranked side by side horizontally and are laminated upward to form the retaining wall; and the top layer of building blocks are arranged on the top standard layer of building blocks. The construction method comprises the following steps that: building blocks are arranged on a construction base to form a first layer; building blocks are placed again to form a second layer, and lugs at the bottom of the building blocks of the second layer are completely embedded into grooves of the building blocks of the first layer; the steps are repeated till the retaining wall is constructed to a designed height; and the building blocks of the top layer are embedded so as to obtain the novel retaining wall. According to the ecological retaining wall, the stability of the lugs in the grooves of the building blocks at the lower layer is intensified through lattice block bodies at the top of holes so as to achieve the effect of embedding of building block structures at the upper layer and the lower layer; pin nails or reinforcing steel bar wire materials are not used in construction, and thus engineering costs are saved; and additionally, the sizes of the building blocks of the standard layers are different, and thus the building blocks can more effectively meet the requirements on dip angle variation of an outer vertical surface of the retaining wall in site construction.

Description

A kind of inter-embedded ecological block retaining wall and its construction method

technical field

The invention relates to a new type of retaining wall with variable-inclination inter-embedded blocks and its construction method. By changing the relative position of the grooves on the top surface of the inter-embedded ecological blocks and building blocks with different forms of standard layers, a variable-inclination type is formed. A retaining wall belongs to the fields of civil engineering, transportation and waterway engineering, and municipal engineering.

Background technique

Retaining wall refers to the retaining structure supporting subgrade fill, natural slope, waterway harbor revetment, landscape wall and hillside soil, etc. It mainly plays a role in preventing the deformation and instability of fill or soil. Among them, gravity retaining Wall is currently the most commonly used retaining wall structure in our country. Traditional gravity retaining walls (such as masonry retaining walls, concrete retaining walls, etc.) rely on the self-weight of the structure and the friction between the bottom of the retaining wall and the foundation to resist overturning and resist earth pressure to maintain the stability of the structure. Because the gravity retaining wall increases the lateral resistance effect by its own weight, the volume and weight of the gravity retaining wall are relatively large, and the construction of a gravity retaining wall on a weak foundation is often limited by the bearing capacity of the foundation. In the specific construction, the excavation volume of the gravity retaining wall is large, the masonry materials used are many, the construction cost is high, labor and time-consuming, and the ecological and landscape effects are poor, so the gravity retaining wall is constructed on weak foundations and There are relatively large application restrictions in specific projects such as waterways and landscape retaining walls.

The inter-embedded block retaining wall is a new type of retaining structure developed in the past ten years. Since the apparent density of the blocks is 16.8-17.3kN/m ³ , which is basically the same as that of the filled soil, it has a great impact on the bearing capacity of the foundation. The force requirements are lower; compared with the gravity retaining wall, the block retaining wall is small in size and prefabricated by ordinary concrete pouring, which is convenient for large-scale factory production. The block has a beautiful appearance and has both ecological and landscape functions. The traditional block retaining wall generally adopts the grout method, and the construction is relatively complicated, and the strength of the grout material has a great influence on the masonry structure; The blocks are combined to form a complete inlay and groove, and the blocks need to be connected in series by steel bars and rivets to form a vertical slope. The construction is more complicated. In specific applications, due to the corrosion of steel bars and pins, the durability of the block retaining wall still exists. Sexual problems, such as poor maintenance, can easily lead to safety problems of the retaining wall, so there are certain limitations in application.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: according to the slope requirements of the construction site, to provide a brand-new retaining wall with variable inclination angle inter-embedded blocks and its construction method, which is convenient for changing the inclination angle of the outer facade of the retaining wall, so that this type of retaining wall The applicability of the wall is greatly improved; in addition, it can also improve the problem of the firm overlap between the blocks of the retaining wall, so that it is widely suitable for the construction of the ecological landscape retaining wall. Adopt the following technical solutions:

An inter-embedded ecological block retaining wall is composed of more than two layers of standard layer blocks horizontally side by side and stacked upwards, and a top layer block is also arranged on the top standard layer block; the standard layer block The block includes the front of the block and the back of the block parallel to each other. There is an opening in the middle of the block, and a groove is opened on the top of the block; the front of the groove, the back of the groove, the front of the block, and the back of the block are parallel to each other. The width of the groove is smaller than the width of the opening, and a blocking body is arranged on the outer side of the upper part of the opening. The inner surface of the blocking body is on the same plane as the front of the groove; The size of the groove matches the protrusion; the top surface of the top block is inclined forward or backward, the bottom is provided with a protruding wedge, and the left side or the right side are respectively provided with a groove and a protruding wedge with matching dimensions.

In the masonry construction of the ecological retaining wall, the protrusions of the blocks of the upper layer are embedded in the grooves of the blocks of the next layer, and at the same time, the upper and lower layers are built in different layers, which is strengthened by the setting of the retaining body at the top of the hole. The stability of the bumps in the grooves of the lower masonry is to achieve the mutual embedding effect of the upper and lower masonry structures. No pins or steel wires are used in the construction, which saves the project cost and effectively avoids the durability caused by the corrosion of iron to materials. question. In order to ensure that the top layer of the retaining wall has an effective covering layer, prevent rainwater from directly flowing in and ensure the safety of pedestrians, the top surface can be tilted forward or backward to effectively remove water, and the tilt angle does not need to be specially set. It can be designed according to construction or drainage requirements. By arranging the protruding wedges at the lower part of the top layer of blocks and the corresponding grooves and protruding wedges on the left and right sides, the purpose of mutual embedding of the top, bottom, left, and right blocks is achieved. The standard layer blocks are provided with a retaining body, which can enhance the mutual embedding stability between the upper and lower blocks when each block is embedded. In the top block, since the left and right sides are respectively provided with matching grooves and protruding wedges, the overall stability of the top block in the transverse direction can be enhanced.

Further, the distance between the front of the block and the front of the block, the distance between the back of the block and the back of the block, and the width of the block of the above-mentioned standard layer blocks are equal. The stability of the retaining wall can be improved, and the construction is convenient.

Further, the angle between the line connecting the center of the groove and the center of the bump and the vertical direction is 0°-15°, so that it can more effectively adapt to the requirements of on-site construction on the slope angle of the retaining wall’s facade, and can be constructed Retaining walls with different wall inclination angles, so that it can more effectively adapt to the requirements of on-site construction for changes in the inclination angle of the outer facade of the retaining wall.

Further, the corners of the above-mentioned grooves and the corners of the protrusions are arc-shaped, which can reduce the stress concentration problem of the reinforcement body in the block and in the block, and improve the strength of the block retaining structure; when it is necessary to install a reinforcement in the block When the reinforced geogrid is used, the tensile properties of the reinforced material can be fully utilized.

Further, the openings on the blocks are square holes with arc edges, and the left and right sides of the openings are arc surfaces.

Further, the left side of the block and the right side of the block are curved surfaces. After the retaining wall is built, grasses and vines can grow in the holes and gaps of the blocks. If the ecological block retaining wall is used for river embankment, small aquatic animals can find habitats in the pores. Therefore, it has good ecological and landscape effects.

The present invention also provides a construction method for an inter-embedded ecological block retaining wall, comprising the following steps:

S1: Place the blocks on the construction foundation as the first layer;

S2: Place blocks on the blocks of the first layer as the second layer, and the protrusions at the bottom of the blocks of the second layer are completely embedded in the grooves of the blocks of the first layer;

S3: Repeat step S2 to construct the retaining wall to the design height;

S4: Embed the top floor blocks on the top standard floor blocks.

In summary, the interembedded ecological block retaining wall provided by the present invention and its construction method have the following technical effects:

The inter-embedded ecological block retaining wall uses a hole in the middle of the block, which can reduce the apparent density of the block and reduce the requirement for the bearing capacity of the foundation soil. In the masonry construction of the ecological retaining wall, the protrusions of the blocks of the upper layer are embedded in the grooves of the blocks of the next layer, and at the same time, the upper and lower layers are built in different layers, which is strengthened by the setting of the retaining body at the top of the hole. The stability of the bumps in the grooves of the lower masonry is to achieve the mutual embedding effect of the upper and lower masonry structures. No pins or steel wires are used in the construction, which saves the project cost and effectively avoids the durability caused by the corrosion of iron to materials. question. Grass vegetation and vines can grow in the openings of the blocks and the gaps between the blocks. If the retaining wall is used as a river embankment, small aquatic animals can find habitats in the pores, which has a good ecological effect. When the angle between the line connecting the groove center of the block and the center of the convex block and the vertical direction changes within 0° to 15°, it can be more effectively adapted to the requirements of the field construction on the slope angle of the retaining wall. The standard layer blocks, because of the retaining body, can enhance the mutual embedding stability between the upper and lower blocks when each block is embedded. In the top block, since the left and right sides are respectively provided with matching grooves and protruding wedges, the overall stability of the top block in the transverse direction can be enhanced.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the side view of the used standard layer block of a kind of inter-embedded ecological block retaining wall provided by the invention;

Fig. 2 is the top view of the used standard layer block of a kind of inter-embedded ecological block retaining wall provided by the invention;

Fig. 3 is the perspective view of the used standard layer block of a kind of inter-embedded ecological block retaining wall provided by the invention;

Fig. 4 a is the sectional view of the used standard layer block of a kind of interembedded ecological block retaining wall provided by the present invention;

Fig. 4 b is the sectional view of the used standard layer block of a kind of inter-embedded ecological block retaining wall provided by the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the side view of the used top floor block of a kind of interembedded ecological block retaining wall provided by the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the perspective view of the used top floor block of a kind of interembedded ecological block retaining wall provided by the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the side view of the used standard layer block of another kind of inter-embedded ecological block retaining wall provided by the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the construction assembly diagram of the interembedded ecological block retaining wall provided by the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an interembedded ecological block retaining wall provided by the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an interembedded ecological block retaining wall provided by the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an interembedded ecological block retaining wall provided by the present invention.

Among them, 1 is the standard layer block; 2 is the opening; 3 is the groove; 4 is the bump; 5 is the front of the bump; 6 is the back of the bump; 7 is the front of the groove; 8 is the back of the groove; 9 is The front of the block; 10 is the back of the block; 11 is the groove corner; 12 is the protrusion corner; 13 is the left side of the block; 14 is the right side of the block; 15 is the retaining body; 16 is the top block; 17 is the protrusion Wedge; 18 is a groove; 19 is a protruding wedge; 20 is a top surface.

Detailed ways

In the following embodiments, a represents the width of the bump 4, b represents the distance from the front 7 of the groove to the front 9 of the block, c represents the distance from the rear 8 of the groove to the rear 10 of the block, and h is the distance of the standard layer block (1) high.

The inter-embedded ecological block retaining wall and its construction method are further explained in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

The inter-embedded ecological blocks used in this embodiment are shown in Figures 1 to 6, including a standard layer block 1 and a top layer block 16, and the standard layer block 1 includes a parallel block front 9 and 10 behind the block, the middle part of the standard layer block 1 has an opening 2, and a groove 3 on the top; The width is smaller than the width of the opening 2, and a blocking body 15 is arranged on the outer side of the upper part of the opening 2, and the inner surface of the blocking body 15 is on the same plane as the front 7 of the groove; at the bottom position of the standard layer block 1 There is a bump 4, and the groove 3 matches the size of the bump 4; the top surface 20 of the top floor block 16 is inclined backward, and the bottom is provided with a protruding wedge 17 matching the size of the groove 3, and the left side and The right side is respectively provided with a groove 18 and a protruding wedge 19 with matched dimensions.

The distance between the bump front 5 and the block front 9 of the above-mentioned standard layer block 1, the distance between the bump rear 6 and the block rear 10, and the width of the bump 4 are equal, and the groove corner 11 and the bump corner 12 are arcs. Shape, the perforation 2 on the standard layer block 1 is an arc edge square hole, and the left side and the right side of the perforation 2 are arc surfaces. The left side 13 of the block and the right side 14 of the block are arc faces. The block front 9 and the block rear 10 of the above-mentioned standard layer block 1 are split imitation granite block structures.

In this embodiment, the standard layer block size is a=b=c, and the angle between the center of the groove 3 and the center of the protrusion 4 and the vertical direction is 0°.

The above-mentioned method for constructing a retaining wall with inter-embedded ecological blocks is an example with ten layers of blocks.

As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, during the construction of the first layer of standard layer blocks, after the site is leveled to meet the requirements, lay the bottom standard layer blocks 1 according to the baseline of the retaining wall. After the first layer of blocks is laid, when the second layer of standard layer blocks 1 is laid, the protrusions 4 are embedded in the grooves 3 of the first layer of standard layer blocks 1, and the upper and lower layers are built with staggered joints. The blocking body 15 provides effective lateral support for the inserted protrusion 4, and the overlapping length of the blocks between layers is the width of the arc edge, in this way the construction of the second standard layer is completed. In this way, the standard layer masonry construction process is completed.

After the standard layer masonry is completed, the top layer of blocks 16 is laid, and the connected bottom protruding wedges 17 are inserted into the grooves 3 of the standard layer blocks 1, and the side protruding wedges 18 are embedded with the adjacent side long grooves 19. Together, the laying of the top layer of blocks is finally completed, and the introverted top surface 20 of the surface layer can have a certain safety guarantee.

The retaining wall after construction is shown in Figure 9.

Example 2

The difference between the interembedded ecological building block that adopts and embodiment 1 is: a=100mm, b=120mm, c=80mm, h=150mm, b/c=1.5, at this moment, above-mentioned groove 3 center and bump 4 The angle between the connecting line of the center and the vertical direction is 7.6°;

The retaining wall after construction is shown in Figure 10, and the inclination angle of the outer wall of the retaining wall is 7.6°.

If the size of the inter-embedded ecological block used is: a=100mm, b=140.3mm, c=59.7mm, h=150mm, b/c=2.35, at this time, the center of the above-mentioned groove 3 and the center of the protrusion 4 The angle between the connecting line and the vertical direction is 15°.

The inclination angle of the outer surface of the retaining wall after construction is 15°.

Example 3

As shown in Figure 11, it is possible to select appropriate standard layer blocks of different sizes based on the slope change of the natural slope at the root, and use the same masonry method as that in steps S1 to S4 to complete the retaining wall masonry process. Different types of blocks are used to build the height, and finally a variable-inclination retaining wall structure with different inclination angles in the same retaining wall section is formed, which effectively improves the applicability of the retaining wall structure to natural slopes.

Claims (1)

1. the construction method of an inter-embedding type ecological block retaining wall, it is characterized in that, described inter-embedding type ecological block retaining wall is by two-layer above typical floor building block (1) laterally side by side and stackingly to form, on the typical floor building block (1) at top, be also provided with top layer building block (16); Described typical floor building block (1) to include before the building block that is parallel to each other after (9) and building block (10), there is perforate (2) at the middle part of typical floor building block (1), has groove (3) at block tops; Before groove after (7), groove before (8), building block after (9), building block (10) be parallel to each other, the width of groove (3) is less than the width of perforate (2), it is characterized in that: have lattice block body (15) in the arranged outside on perforate (2) top, before the medial surface of described lattice block body (15) and groove, (7) at grade; Projection (4) is provided with, the dimensional fits of groove (3) and projection (4) at typical floor building block (1) bottom position; The end face (20) of described top layer building block (16) tilts forward or backward, bottom arranges the protrusion wedge (17) with groove (3) dimensional fits, and left surface and right flank arrange the groove (18) of dimensional fits respectively and protrude wedge (19); Before the projection of described typical floor building block (1), after the distance of (5) and (9) before building block, projection, the width of the distance of (6) and (10) after building block, projection (4) is equal; Described groove corner (11) and projection corner (12) are arc; Perforate (2) in described typical floor building block (1) is arc limit square hole, and the left side of perforate (2) and the right side are cambered surface; The described building block left side (13) and the building block right side (14) are arcwall face; Described groove (3) center and the line at projection (4) center and the angle of vertical direction are 0 ° ~ 15 °; Described construction method, comprises the following steps: S1: typical floor building block be placed on construction basis, as first floor; S2: place typical floor building block in the typical floor building block of above-mentioned first floor, as the second layer, the projection bottom the typical floor building block of the second layer is embedded in the groove of first floor typical floor building block completely; S3: repeat step S2, by retaining wall construction to design height; S4: embed top layer building block in the typical floor building block of the superiors.