Detailed description of the invention

In order to the object of the promote understanding principle of the invention, with reference now to embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and specific language will be used for describing these embodiments.But should be understood that and be not intended to limit the scope of the invention thus.The technical personnel envisioning field involved in the present invention is by any change to carry out in the described embodiment normally expected and further amendment, and other application any to the principle of the invention as herein described.

Fig. 1 illustrates with the vehicle 20 of electrobus 22 form.Electrobus 22 comprises interior living space 24, and is promoted by coach engine 26.Coach engine 26 is generally reciprocating piston, internal combustion type.In order to supplementary living space 24, passenger vehicle 22 carries various types of electric apparatus 27, such as one or more air-conditioning 88.Device 27 can comprise this type of distinct device that illumination, cooking utensils, amusement equipment and/or those skilled in the art will be known further.Passenger vehicle 22 carries the dislocation generation system 28 optionally providing electric power to device 27.Correspondingly, device 27 Load System 28 electrically.In one form, the different components distributions of system 28 in whole vehicle 20-be arranged in different compartments and/or other private space.

System 28 comprises two main power sources: come interchange (AC) power of self generating sets 30 and direct current (DC) power from electrical energy storage 70.Generator set 30 comprises dedicated engine 32 and three-phase AC electrical generator 34.Engine 32 uses Rotary-drive member 36 to provide rotational mechanical power to electrical generator 34.In one configuration, engine 32 is reciprocating piston type of direct drive generator 34, and electrical generator 34 is magneto alternator (PMA) types being installed to component 36, and component 36 is the form of the axle drive shaft of engine 32.In other form, electrical generator 34 is mechanically coupled to engine 32 by mechanical linkage, and this connecting rod mechanism provides the rate of turn of expectation, tor-con, transmission and/or those skilled in the art the multi-form rotary linking mechanism that will know.Engine control module (ECM) (not shown) that runs through of engine 32 regulates, and engine control module is again in response to from the control of system 28 and the control signal of inverter assembly 40.

The rotative speed of the rotating operation speed of engine 32 and correspondingly electrical generator 34 changes in selected opereating specification in response to the change of the power load of system 28.Within the scope of this, generator set rotative speed increases, to meet the larger power requirement produced with the power load that system 28 increases.Generator set 30 has the stable state maximum speed at the stable state minimum speed at the lower extreme value place corresponding to this speed range that low power exports and the upper extreme value place at this speed range corresponding to high-power output.When the velocity variations of generator set 30, the AC frequency and voltage change that its three-phase power exports.

Generator set 30 is electrically coupled to assembly 40.Assembly 40 comprises power control circuit 40a, produces and the electric power stored (electrical power) for managing use system 28.Circuit 40a comprises three phase rectifier 42, variable voltage DC power generatrix 44, DC to AC power inverter 46, charging and booster circuit (charge and boost circuitry) 50 and treater 100.Assembly 40 is coupled to storage equipment 70 optionally to charge to it in certain operational modes, and provides electric energy via circuit 50 from storage equipment 70 in other operation mode, and this will hereinafter further describe.Assembly 40 uses that circuit 50 is storage equipment, one or more motor coach DC loads 74 provides DC electric power, and uses inverter 46 to provide AC electric power through regulating.Export bus 80 via inverter AC and AC electric load is provided.Bus 80 is coupled to the AC power change switch 82 of system 28.One or more coach AC electrical loads 84 is provided via switch 82.System 28 also provides inverter load to distribute 86 from bus 80, and does not have the intervention of switch 82 betwixt.

As shown in Figure 1, switch 82 is electrically coupled to external AC electrical power source 90 (bank electricity).It should be understood that bank electricity can not use usually when vehicle 20 on the go, may be disabled in some places; Even and if available, bank electricity is generally limited by circuit breaker or wire fuse.When providing the power from source 90, generator set 30 is in inactive usually.Bank electricity is routed to live load 84 by change-over swith 82, and distributes 86 loads provided by inverter load.Use the providing of external AC power from source 90, assembly 40 is optionally used as one of load 84, and AC bank electricity is transformed into the form being suitable for charging to storage equipment 70.In the following description, unless be described contrary situation clearly, AC bank electricity should be interpreted as not exist.

Assembly 40 also comprises treater 100.Treater 100 performs the operation logic defining various control, management and/or regulatory function.This operation logic can be the form of specialized hardware, and such as hardwired state machine, programming instruction and/or those skilled in the art are multi-form by what know.The set of parts that treater 100 can be provided as single component or operatively be coupled; And can be made up of the hybrid combining of digital circuit, analogous circuit or this two type.When treater 100 is multicompartment forms, treater 100 can have other assembly relatively and be positioned at one or more assemblies at a distance.Treater 100 can comprise multiple processing unit, and it is configured in line treatment configuration, in concurrent processing configuration and/or those skilled in the art operate independently by this type of the different configuration known.In one embodiment, treater 100 is micro treatment equipments able to programme of solid-state integrated circuit type, and it comprises one or more processing unit and memory device.Treater 100 can comprise one or more signal conditioner, modulator, demoder, ALU (ALU), central processing unit (CPU), killer, oscillator, control clock, amplifier, signal conditioner, filter, format converter, communication port, clamping circuit, delay apparatus, memory devices and/or those skilled in the art by know carry out desired communication different circuit or function block.In one form, treater 100 comprises computer network interface on demand, so that at different system assembly and/or do not comprise in the system between assembly to use controller local area network (CAN) standard to communicate.

The circuit diagram of reference diagram 2 and the control flow chart of Fig. 3 in addition, illustrates the selected aspect of system 28 further; Wherein identical Reference numeral refers to previously described same components.In figure 3, correspond to hard-wired function with the square frame that heavier line increases the weight of to be formed, and correspond to the pass the function of the software simulating provided that treater 100 programmed with the square frame that lighter line increases the weight of formation.Assembly 40 comprises electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter 38 being coupled to three phase rectifier 42.In one form, rectifier 42 is realized by the standard six diode configuration being applicable to three-phase AC to DC conversion.When generator set 30 runs, the three-phase AC electric power that rectifier 42 receives EMI filtration from generator set 30 exports.Filter 38 removes the specific time varying characteristic that can cause undesirable interference from the output of generator set, and the filtered three-phase AC electrical power conversion of rectifier 42 self generating sets 30 in future becomes the corresponding DC voltage on bus 44.

At least one cond 45 is coupling in DC bus 44 two ends, with reduce remaining " ripple " and/or other time variation amount.In response to the inverter control logic 104 of treater 100, by inverter 46, the DC voltage on bus 44 is transformed into AC voltage.In one form, inverter 46 is the standard H bridge configurations with 4 insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), pulse width modulation (PWM) signal control of its origin self processor 100.In other form, inverter 46 can be made up of other switchtype one or more, such as: field effect transister (FET), grid-controlled transistor, silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) etc.Pwm control signal from logical one 04 drives optionally and respectively the gates/switches of inverter 46.These control signals are input to the intervention power driving circuit be coupled with inverter gates usually, and control signal is by the isolation such as optoisolator, isolating transformer.Inverter control logic 104 comprises proportional integral (PI) (PI) controller for the synthesis of approximate sinusoidal AC waveform.Sensing device 45 comprises AC voltage sensor 46a and AC current sensor 46b.Inverter control logic 104 receives the AC voltage (VAC) from voltage sensor 46a and the AC electric current (IAC) from current sensor 46b that correspond to and be transported to the power of bus 80 from inverter 46.VAC and IAC input to logical one 04 is used as feedback, with the sine waveform using PI controller to produce horsepower output.In addition, these inputs, for being calculated the horsepower characteristic needed for the sharing functionality for controlling whole system by PI controller, determine that the power factor of sinusoidal voltage and electric current output is so that PFC.Control logic 110 receives AC power stage information from inverter 104.This Information Availability in certainty annuity power, and for comparing with the power delivery capacity of generator set 30 and equipment 70, to regulate the specific operation described hereinafter.In addition, whether the transient power conditions that logical one 10 uses this AC output information to determine the Consideration ensured in these operations exists.

Inducer 47a and cond 47b provides the further filtration and conversion that export inverter 46 to obtain expecting AC power waveform.Electromagnetic interface filter 48 provides interference to filter to the AC power waveform thus formed, and exports to provide the single phase AC power through regulating on bus 80.In a nonrestrictive example, nominal 120VAC, 60 hertz (Hz) output are provided on bus 80, genset three-phase to rectifier 42 exports and lies prostrate change in the voltage range of AC (VAC) and the frequency limit of 200-400 hertz (Hz) at 150-250, and the variable voltage on DC bus 44 is between 200 volts of DC to 300 volts of DC (Vdc).

Except inverter control logic 104, treater 100 comprises genset power request control logic 102, to regulate the rotative speed of the generator set 30 relevant to the operation of system 28.Logical one 02 provides incoming signal to generator set 30, and it represents the targeted loads requiring to be powered by generator set 30.The Genset governor 103 of generator set 30 regulates engine rotative speed in response to logical one 02, the rotative speed of engine rotative speed regulator generator 34 again.There is provided the control of logical one 02, make to cause different genset speed rate of changes (acceleration/deceleration) according to one or more condition (as transient state), composition graphs 4 and Fig. 5 hereinafter explain by this point more fully.

In a specific form, in the engine control module (ECM) of generator set 30, realize governor 103, it is communicated with treater 100 by CAN interface.Alternatively or additional, governor 103 can be included in assembly 40 at least partially.The engine speed feedback signal that speed control logic 102 provides in response to the system control logic 110 be included in the operation logic of treater 100 and engine speed sensor 112.The charging of electrical load change and/or equipment 70 or boosting (boost) operation can cause use logical one 02 and carry out speed adjustment, and this point will further describe hereinafter.Conversely, logical one 02 provides control inputs to charging and power boost control logic 106.

Controlled DC-DC converter 60 is electrically coupled to DC bus 44 and electrical energy storage 70.In fig. 2, equipment 70 is more particularly shown as the form of the electrochemical cell apparatus 75 shown in Fig. 2.Current sensor 76 is used to monitor electric current between device 70 and converter 60, and at the DC voltage of node 78 watch-dog 70.In one embodiment, more than one current sensor and/or multiple current sensor type (not shown) can be used.Such as, in one configuration, can be used for the electric current that power management object uses a sensor (such as Hall transducer type) watch-dog 70, and another sensor (such as shunt type) can be used to monitor various charge condition.In other embodiments, sensor more or less and/or sensor type can be utilized.

Changer 60 provides the bi-directional conversion of the electric power between DC bus 44 and equipment 70.Changer 60 charges to equipment 70 for using the power from DC bus 44, and can be used for the power of DC bus 44 to the operating power requirements on bus 80 supplementary (boosting).Changer 60 comprises the DC bus interface circuitry 54 and via memory interface circuit 64 that are controlled by charging and power boost (power boost) control logic 106.Bus interface circuitry 54 comprises charge inverter 54a and power boost rectifier 54b.Via memory interface circuit 64 comprises battery-charging rectifier 64a and power boost inverter 64b.Voltage transformer 58 is coupling between circuit 54 and circuit 64.Charge inverter 54a and boosting inverter 64b can be the H bridge type of this type of other suitable gates/switches equipment will known based on IGBT, FET (comprising MOSFET type), grid-controlled transistor, SCR or those skilled in the art.In addition; although each for rectifier 54b and 64a being expressed as is different from corresponding inverter 54a or 64b; but; in other embodiments; can provide one or more rectifier 54b and 64a of full wave type form, this full wave type is made up of protection type " afterflow " diode of electrical hookup at the two ends that corresponding inverter 54a or 64b assembly export.For the rectifier operation of this configuration, corresponding inverter components keeps inoperative and becomes non-conductive.

Charge Proportional-Integral (PI) control circuit 52 is electrically coupled to charge inverter 54a, and power boost PI control circuit 62 is electrically coupled to power boost inverter 64b.The corresponding charging of each reception of circuit 52 and 62 and boost current reference 106a and 106b are as input.Purpose processor 100 calculating current reference value 106a and 106b is made by charging and power boost control logic 106.These reference values are determined in existence according to power requirement, system power available and any transient power conditions.Overall system power is provided as the function being supplied to the power (inverter power) of bus 80, the generating capacity of generator set 30 and the power output capacity of equipment 70 by inverter 46.That inverter power produces corresponding to the power load of bus 80, indicated by VAC voltage, IAC electric current and corresponding power factor AC electric load " power requirement ".Generator set generating capacity is determined with reference to required generating set power/load by logical one 02.When the power requirement on bus 80 can be provided by generator set 30 and be had residual capacity, then, by using PI control circuit 52 to regulate changer 60 surplus can be used for charging to equipment 70; And when power requirement exceedes the capacity of generator set 30, can regulate changer 60 that supplemental capacity is supplied to bus 80 from equipment 70 by using PI control circuit 62.The many aspects that composition graphs 4 and Fig. 5 further describe system 28 hereinafter dynamic " power is shared " operates; But, first other side and the operation thereof of changer 60 are hereafter described.

System control logic 110 is used to control changer 60, to enable/to forbid charging and boost operations.Under control of logic 110, charging operations pattern and boost operations pattern repel mutually-namely, they can not be enabled simultaneously.When charge mode is enabled, charge to the equipment 70 of electrochemical battery form in its charge stage according to a kind of pattern-dependent in several different mode.These charge stage can be types, and can realize in hardware, software, or a combination thereof.In one form, three level methods comprise in batch, absorb and floating charge.When charging, circuit 52 exports pwm control signal, and described pwm control signal drives the grid of charge inverter 54a in the standard fashion.Typically, pwm control signal is input to the standardized power driving circuit (not shown) be coupled with the input of each grid, and by optoisolator, isolating transformer etc., pwm control signal and standardized power driving circuit can be isolated.In response to PWM input control signal, inverter 54a is by the DC power conversion from DC bus 44 to AC form, and it is supplied to the rectifier 64a of circuit 64 via voltage transformer 58.AC power conversion from voltage transformer 58 is become suitable DC form by rectifier 64a, charges to give battery apparatus 75.In a kind of form that the nominal 12Vdc relating to battery apparatus 75 exports, the AC voltage that inverter 54a exports by voltage transformer 58 is progressively reduced to the comparatively low level being suitable for charging to storage equipment 70.For the equipment 70 of non-battery type, optionally recharging in " charge mode "/stored energy is revised accordingly.

When power boost mode is enabled, boost PI control circuit 62 provides pwm control signal to boosting inverter 64b, to control the power carried from equipment 70.The output of circuit 62 is forms of pwm control signal, and this signal drives the grid of boosting inverter 64b with the standard mode that transformer boost configures.Typically, on demand or requirement, these control signals are input to the power driving circuit (not shown) with suitably isolation.When supplementing the power provided by electrical generator 32, circuit 62 is used to realize the power boosting technique of current control.Difference between these two, the electric current input of the storage equipment 70 using current sensor 76 to detect in response to (1) boost current reference 106b and (2), circuit 62 provides proportional integral (PI) Drazin inverse.In the response, the DC power conversion from equipment 70 is become AC form by inverter 64b, and it is supplied to the rectifier 54b of circuit 54 via voltage transformer 58.AC power conversion from voltage transformer 58 is become to be used for the suitable DC form of DC bus 44 by rectifier 64b.In a kind of form that the nominal 12Vdc relating to equipment 70 exports, voltage transformer 58 progressively raises the AC voltage exported from inverter 64b, and AC voltage is transformed back to the DC power for bus 44.

It should be understood that the DC voltage on DC bus 44 is variable, instead of regulate.The change of the speed along with generator set 30 and/or the boost power from equipment 70 or the charge power to equipment 70, when AC power is supplied to bus 80, the change of voltage on DC 44 extends on a large scale.In a preferred embodiment, in time providing power to the power load on bus 80, the lower extreme value of described variation range is at least 75% of the upper extreme value of this scope.In preferred form, lower extreme value is at least 66% of upper extreme value.In even preferred form, lower extreme value is at least 50% of upper extreme value.

Fig. 4 illustrates the power management process 120 of the system 28 that the operation logic performed by treater 100 performs.Simultaneously with reference to figure 1-Fig. 3, process 120 starts with condition 122, and condition 122 tests the bank electricity whether applied from external source 90.If the test of condition 122 is true (YES), then perform bank electricity operation 124.In operation 124, apply bank electricity to charge to device from bus 80.AC bank electricity from bus 80 uses inducer 47a and circuit 46 to provide PFC, and by protectiveness " afterflow " the diode opposite bank electric rectification of electrical hookup at the grid two ends of inverter 46.The DC voltage thus formed on bus 44 is adjusted to the value of relative constancy, makes the size of the AC bank electricity on bus 80 keep constant.This DC voltage obtained from bank electricity is supplied to changer 60, charges to give battery 76.During operation 124, also bank electricity is supplied to coach AC loads 84, is supplied to the load of inverter distribution 86 and is supplied to coach DC loads 74 by change-over swith 82.

If the test of condition 122 is false (no), then process 120 proceeds condition 126.Whether condition 126 test macro 28 runs in quiet mode.If the test of condition 126 is true (YES), then perform the operation 128 only having storage/battery.When the noise level produced from the operation of generator set 30 be not allowed to or in undesirable situation, and when bank electricity unavailable or otherwise when not being provided, general quiet mode.Correspondingly, in operation 128, generator set 30 is out-of-action, and only provides power from storage equipment 70.For the operation in this quiet mode, the power that storage equipment 70 is carried is voltage-controlled, instead of current control, the voltage of constant is supplied to DC bus 44, so that carry the AC voltage of constant on the bus 80 of assembly 40.In one form, the AC power obtained from assembly 40 is only supplied to the load of inverter distribution 86, and switch 82 is configured to stop the power division to coach AC loads 84.DC coach loads 74 is also provided service during operation 128.

Operator's input control and display equipment 115 are operatively coupled to treater 100, input and output state information to provide various operator to system 28.In a nonrestrictive form, equipment 115 is arranged in the car cabin of passenger vehicle 22, and communicates with the treater 100 in assembly 40 via CAN interface.

If the test of condition 126 is false (no), then carry out condition 130.Condition 130 test bank electricity shared model whether effective.In response to the change of the power load of system 28, power share mode is the dynamically speed of regulator generator group 30 and boost/charge according to the total power capability of system 28 and transition condition.It should be understood that gross horsepower contains: (a) uses the inverter 46 of contravarianter voltage and current measurement to export ac power, the dc power that (b) measures at storage equipment, and the watt loss that (c) inverter assembly 40 is intrinsic.Loss calculation is convenient to the determination of the rate of pressure rise of target genset speed and steady state operation, and this point binding operation 138 is discussed further.

If the test of condition 130 is true (YES), then executive condition 132.Condition 132 tests power level change or transient state whether detected.If the test of condition 132 is true (YES), then perform transient state process routine 150, this point composition graphs 5 is described further.Different standards or " test " can be used to detect the dissimilar transient state of eligible 132.Some examples have been related in description hereafter to routine 150.If the test of condition 132 is false (no), then power is in the stable state in power share mode.Steady state power delivery is carried out, depending on steady state electrical load magnitude one of in two ways.Condition 134 achieves this possibility.Whether condition 134 tests power load lower than the selected threshold value (steady state genset rated value) relevant with the available output of generator set 30.This test comprises increases DC and AC power level, solves loss, and compares gross horsepower and generating set power rated value to determine whether to charge while actuating equipment 70.If like this, the test of condition 134 is true (YES), and executable operations 136.

In operation 136, (charging is enabled/boosted and forbids) supports " genset plus charge " power share mode on demand, and it uses extra generating set capacity for charging to equipment 70.The genset plus charge power shared model of operation 136 generally arrives stable state from transient condition, and this will further describe in conjunction with routine 150.Total generating set power in genset plus charge mode is confirmed as measured AC power stage and adds that measured DC charge power deducts estimated charger losses.In one form, by reference to the one or more tables of loss comprising charger circuit, charger losses is estimated as the function of cell pressure and charging current.Then, target genset speed is determined based on normalized load.Genset speed is arranged to support DC and AC load.When the genset reaches the rated charge level, its speed can reduce.When AC power requirement is close to generator set rated value, charge rate can reduce, to use generator set 30 to maintain load support.

If the test of condition 134 is false (no), then cause operation 138.In operation 138, generator set 30 and equipment 70 all in " genset plus boost " power share mode in stable state time provide power to power load.Deduct loss according to total AC and DC power requirement and carry out calculation expectation rate of pressure rise.This rate controls boost current, shares with the expectation power reached between generator set and storage equipment.By determining contribute the expectation storage power of system load and calculate rate of pressure rise with reference to one or more table, the loss of booster circuit is expressed as the function of cell pressure and electric current by these tables.

For this steady state conditions, generator set 30 runs with speed limit usually, and additional power provides from equipment 70 in boost enabled mode.Should be understood that this genset plus boost power sharing operation also arrives stable state from transient condition usually, this will be described further in conjunction with routine 150.In one form, load calculates and normalizes to percent system rated value, percent boost capability and percent genset load, so that the system calibration to different generator seies and boost sizes.As nonrestrictive example, several representational realization comprises 7.5kW generator set and 2.5kW boosting, 10kW altogether, 5.5kW generator set and 2.5kW boosting, altogether 8kW, 12kW generator set and 3kW boosting, 15kW altogether, and 12kW generator set and 6kW boosting, 18kW altogether.Nature, in other embodiments, can utilize different configurations.

Fig. 5 illustrates the transient state process routine 150 of flow-chart form.When condition 132 is true (YES), routine 150 is performed by process 120, and this corresponds to detected transient.As described in process 120 and routine 150, " transient state " operation refers to the change of the electric power that system 28 is carried, and it is generally produced by the change of power load.On the contrary, " stable state " operation refers to usually the corresponding constant level of the electric power that constant load level and system 28 are carried.For purposes of clarity, in described sequence, process 120 and routine 150 distinguish these operation modes at discrete logical level place; But, will be appreciated that, can complete this enforcement with various diverse ways, these methods can relate to having and to perform with different order and/or the similar and/or discrete technology of various operations of executed in parallel, to provide the switching at runtime between stable state and transient operation in response to electrical load conditions.In an example, when meeting the multiple differences corresponding to dissimilar transient condition separately and detecting any one in test, the positive result of Production conditions 132.These different transient conditions are based on the change of one or more characteristics of the horsepower output relevant with various standard.In general, transient condition is categorized as multiple classification by routine 150: type i, Type II, type-iii and type IV transient condition; But, it should be understood that this mark is not intended to limit for making to be described clearly.In fact, in other embodiments, can to distinguish and/or transient condition that differentiated treatment is more or less.In addition, the transient state (" just " transient state) corresponding to the power level increased selected and the transient state (" bearing " transient state) corresponding to the power level reduced are included in these different types.It should be understood that and the more than one condition in these conditions can be applied in the given change of power load, this will further describe hereinafter.

Routine 150 starts with condition 152, and whether condition 152 test-types I transient condition occurs.Type I transient condition is based on the assessment of an only part for AC power cycle, and to provide determining fast of whether having produced about positive transient state, it can cause the change needed from charge condition to pressure-increasning state.On the contrary, other transient type often based on the analysis divided compared with long portion-be generally of output wave shape one or more cycle-and often cause different operations, this carries out more detailed description by conjunction with other transient type.Type I transient results from the most extreme type that the transient power that occurs in electrobus application increases usually, such as add large reactive load, inducing current as the motor by the multiple air-conditionings 88 started simultaneously flow out the load that presents, or when apply exceed the resistive loading of the rated value of generator set time; But, also such transient state can be detected in other cases.In addition, for given positive transient state, can simultaneously application type I transient condition and another transient condition, the type II transient condition such as further described hereinafter.

The detection of type I transient condition is based on the analysis of the outgoing current of the part to horsepower output waveform.Type I detection approach provides relative fast speed transient state response, than the charge mode of other transient type more promptly disablement device 70.On the other hand, in order to reduce the chance indicating type I transient condition mistakenly, the change of the load characteristic being used for burst types I transient state is chosen as the characteristic variations being obviously different from other transient type.After what composition graphs 6 provided appear to other transient condition types and the corresponding further description detected thereof the description detected type I transient condition.

Fig. 6 illustrates the operation logic 200 for type of detection I transient condition, can by programming to treater 100 and/or realizing this operation logic by the hardware of treater 100.According to Fig. 6, logic 200 is sampled to inverter output current with the sample rate f represented by switch 210.Standard module (A/D) circuit can be utilized to perform this sampling in the output of current sensor 46b, and described standard module (A/D) circuit is included in treater 100 or with treater 100 etc. and is separated.In one implementation, f=10,000 hertz of (HZ)=10kHz, make to produce about 166 samples to nominal 60Hz AC frequency power output.As shown in delay line buffer 212, collect and store n continuous current sample of predetermined quantity; One of them sample delay store 212a represents the sample postponed recently, and a sample delay store 212b represents the n-th the oldest sample.In one form, the continuous sample of n=50 is stored in energy disperser 212, for the sampling frequency example of f=10kHz.

Buffered samples in energy disperser 212 is combined togather by adder 216, and provides corresponding output.Switch 220 has the activation frequency of f/n, so that its each new group of output providing adder 216 that is n sample.For the situation of (f, n)=(10kHz, 50), the conversion/output frequency of switch 220 is f/n=10,000/50=200Hz.Be adding and being stored in delay line buffer 222 continuously of d by the predetermined quantity of continuous print n the sample group from energy disperser 212; One of them sample delay store 222a correspond to the n-sample that postpones recently and, and delay memory 222b correspond to the n-sample that the most always postpones and.It should be understood that these n-samples and in each correspond to obtain sample time period sequence in different time periods.In a nonrestrictive form, energy disperser 222 retain the d=10 of n=50 sample previously adding and, its original sampling frequency f=10kHz.It should be understood that the limiting examples for (f, n)=(10kHz, 50), d of n sample had previously added and had represented the output history span being greater than the nominal 60Hz AC output cycle.

Energy disperser 222 by d and each output be supplied to logic comparator 224, the output of the minterm (minimum value) that comparator 224 provides this d to input.Minimum for comparator 224 and output are supplied to the negative input of difference operator 230.The output of switch 220, that is, from current n-sample and the positive input being supplied to difference operator 230 of adder 216.Difference operator 230 deducts the minimum of comparator 224 and output, to export difference from current n the sample from switch 220 with input.By operator 230 by current n sample of energy disperser 222 and former n-sample and minimum value between difference be supplied to operator 232.This difference is adjusted to aspiration level by operator 232, and can not appear in other embodiment and/or can be embedded in operator afterwards as described below.

The regulated value that weighted value is applied to operator 232 by operator 234 exports, and compares weighted value and threshold value.In one embodiment, weighted value is determined based on assessment below.Assuming that power generating system utilizes the scheme of m sample intactly to sample to outgoing current one or more AC cycle.Utilize the rectification of sinusoidal current signal (that is, absolute value) continuous n-sample and:

I＝Iavg*1.5708*sin(2*pi*t/60-p)

Wherein, Iavg is the aviation value of rectified output current, and p is the difference between outgoing current and output voltage, and n is selected such that m/n=d is integer.

By the assessment a large amount of discrete current signals of phase delay between 0 degree and 90 degree can determine all d n-sample and minimum value corresponding to weighted value Wmin.This weighted value represent the m-sample of rectified current signal and (its rectified mean value equaling current signal is multiplied by m, that is, Iavg*m) and rectified current signal n-sample and ratio.In other words, it represents with n-sample and is multiplied by the numeral obtained needed for m-sample and (Iavg*m) mutually.This numeral according to n-sample and the order of magnitude and phase delay between outgoing current and output voltage signal and changing.

Logic 200 calculate n-sample and and, then according to Vmin according to the following formula by calculated n-sample and and d n-sample calculating in the past and in minimum value between difference and threshold value compare:

Threshold＝m*TargetIavg/Wmin

Wherein, TargetIavg is the expectation minimum commutation aviation value of outgoing current to be detected.

In an example, have selected following parameters: m=500 the sample crossing over three 60-Hz cycles uses A/D sampling frequency to be f=10KHZ, n=50 sample, thus d=10 n-sample and, and Wmin=7.416, it is by obtaining having to analyze from 0 degree to all 50 sample weighting values of the 60-Hz sinusoidal current of 90 degree of phase delays.For this example, calculate difference between last 10 50-sample intervals and current 50-sample interval of (corresponding in 500 samples in three 60Hz cycles) of inverter output current and compare with large inverter output current threshold value.Use these parameters, if the minimum target rectified mean value (TargetIavg) of inverter output current is set to 40 amperes to detect the load being more than or equal to about 7500 watts, then large transient detection threshold is set as 2696872=round (500*1000*40/7.416); Wherein multiplier 1000 is in this example for converting expectation target electric current to milliampere.In other embodiments, some or all in variable value can be different, can these values of calculated/applied individually, and/or can carry out definite threshold by different modes.Such as, in optional method, root of mean square (RMS) current value can be used, instead of aviation value.

If exceed threshold value, then logic 200 indicates the detection of type I transient condition, and it corresponds to the operator 236 in Fig. 6.Simultaneously with reference to figure 5, type I transient detects the result that the test corresponding to condition 152 is true (YES).Therefore, routine 150 continues executable operations 154.Operation 154 makes system 28 prepare to large load increase by forbidding charge mode immediately at the maximum available power output level place of equipment 70 and enabling power boost mode.Routine 150 proceeds to condition 156 from operation 154.Similarly, if type I transient condition test is false (no), then workaround 154 directly executive condition 156.

Condition 156 test-types II transient condition.Type II transient condition can exist with type I transient condition simultaneously, and depends on the capacity of relative engine and the transient size of charging/boosting capacity.At first, before a full evaluation for a type ii transient condition, threshold testing is performed under conditional 156, to determine whether to arrange transient mode (TM=very=1).Whether this test is greater than transient threshold based on the one-period in inverter output power to the difference in another cycle is arranged.In a nonrestrictive example, threshold value is set to 200 watts.

If arrange transient mode (TM=is true), then proceed the assessment under condition 156.Do you in one form, be greater than available transient capacity (the TC) (TS>TC of system based on transient size (TS)?) assess.In transient mode (TM=is true) period, dynamically determine TS by one-period in accumulative horsepower output to the difference in another cycle, and if TM=vacation (transient mode is inoperative), TS is set to zero (TS=0).For this form, available transient capacity (TC) is charging capacity (CC), boost capability (BC) and power unit capacity (PC) deduct stored power unit capacity (SPC) and, make TC=CC+BC+PC-SPC; Wherein: CC (charging capacity) is the battery charge power when transient state starts; BC (boost capability) is fixed value (being such as 300 watts in a nonrestrictive realization); PC (power unit capacity) is current engine power output/capacity; SPC (stored power unit capacity) is that the available engine also do not utilized when transient state starts exports.

If the test of condition 156 is true (YES) (such as TS>TC), then routine 150 proceeds to condition 158, to test the exception that whether should produce type II transient condition.Make an exception-make condition 158 be false (no) if should not produce, then routine 150 is to operate 160 continuation.In operation 160, be used for meeting the load request indicated by type II transient condition fast from the boost power of equipment 70 and the peak acceleration of generator set 30.It should be understood that if determine type I transient condition by condition 152, then maximum boosting is activated by operation 154.When the steady state power level of type II transient condition keeps being greater than the degree of the capacity of independent generator set 30, usually supplemented by the boost power from storage equipment 70.

For condition 156, dynamically determine transient size by increasing the difference in a cycle to another cycle instead of the inverter output current of analysis condition 152 in horsepower output.Although rotative speed is increased to its maximum usable acceleration to process transient state by generator set 30 in operation 160, even if it should be understood that with peak acceleration, it is also much slow than storage equipment 70 that generator set 30 arrives its maximum generation capacity.Hypothetical target steady state power level is less than the steady state power capacity (system power capacity) of both equipment 70 and generator set 30 summation, level then from the power of equipment 70 reduces along with the increase of genset speed, to maintain required power level.Proceed the reduction/increase of this complementation of the power from equipment 70/ generator set 30, until reach the maximum power capabilities of generator set 30.For operation 160, steady state power level generally keeps the capacity being greater than independent generator set 30, so additionally provide the supplemental capacity from storage equipment 70.After operation 160 addresses the transient, routine 150 turns back to process 120.When there is not other transient state any, steady state power share mode produces under operation 138 (steady state power >=genset power capacity); But assuming that do not need boost power (steady state power < genset power capacity) during stable state, then the power share mode when stable state proceeds under operation 136.If the test of condition 158 is false (no), then executable operations 162, it is hereafter being described in more detail.

In a limiting examples, although the test of condition 156 is true (instruction type II transient condition), because the instantaneous inrush current of transient state by special properties produces, this inrush current is usually relevant to the reactive load of its dynamic change when single air-conditioning 88 starts, and wishes the exception of the execution of operation 160.By the inrush current exception that power factor evaluation is determined under conditional 156, this point composition graphs 7 is described further.

With reference to figure 7, describe the logic 400 that purpose processor 100 can be made to realize.Logic 400 defines the operational loop repeated on a periodic basis, to store the information representing and determine the power factor used in the state of condition 158.Actuating logic 400 thinks that each 60-Hz cycle provides phase delay samples.Logic 400 operational loop repeat at every turn correspond to respectively via the sample that sensor 46a and 46b is obtained by discrete sampled output waveform voltage and current.The quantity of the sample between the zero crossing events (just bearing) that this technology rises to voltage and current counts, to determine difference according to sample count.This phase place is provided for the basis of the phase angle determined between voltage and current.It should be understood that power factor is phase cosine of an angle-namely, measuring without unit between zero-sum unit one (0 and 1).

For the situation described in nominal 60Hz horsepower output, the repetition of logical circuit postpones operation 430 based on 50 microseconds (μ s), and it corresponds to the sampling frequency (1/20,000Hz=50 μ s) of 20KHz.At first, in act 410, zero cross detection operation 410 is applied to inverter output voltage.Condition 412 corresponds to the result of operation 410, and whether its instruction VREF (Voltage Reference) has zero (reverse polarity) of intersection.If the test of condition 412 is true (YES), then the value of phase delay sample counter is stored in " phase delay sample " (PDS) variable in operation 414, and counting machine is reset in operation 416.Logic 400 proceeds to from operation 416 carries out operation 418, and operation 418 realizes the zero cross detection of inverter output current.Logic 400 proceeds to condition 420 from operation 418.Whether the zero crossing that condition 420 tests inverter output current is activated.If the test of condition 412 is false (no), also directly reach condition 420 from condition 412.

If the test of condition 420 is true (YES), then carry out operation 422, wherein detect inverter output current zero crossing.Condition 424 corresponds to the result of operation, tests whether inverter output current whether zero crossing (reverse polarity).If the test of condition 424 is true (YES), then executable operations 426, it forbids the zero crossing of outgoing current.Logic 400 proceeds to delay operation 430 from operation 426, to wait for sampling next time.If the test of condition 424 is false (no), then executable operations 428, it makes the value of the final phase delay sample counter stored in operation 414 increase progressively.From operation 428, logic 400 also proceeds to operation 430.And if the test of condition 420 is false (no)-make, outgoing current zero crossing is prohibited-logic 400 proceeds to operation 430 and postpones 50 microseconds, and to wait for sampling next time, returns to repeat 410.

Therefore, for each sampling, the zero crossing risen to output voltage is tested (operation 410/ operation 412).If detect that voltage zero is intersected, then samples counter value is stored in (operation 414) in PDS, by counter resets to start accumulative (operation 416) of phase delay sample number, and activated current zero crossing (operation 418).Once be activated, the zero crossing (operation 422/ operation 424) of just test inverter output current rising.For each sampling circuit, phase delay sample counter is increased progressively (operation 428), until outgoing current zero crossing detected, now forbid that current zero is intersected (operation 426).Therefore, next output voltage zero crossing occurs (operating 410/ operation 412), and stored Counter Value (operation 414) represents the amount of elapsed time between voltage zero intersection and last current zero intersection the last time.This time period corresponds to again difference and corresponds to power factor equally.

Whether condition 158 tests in two continuous print 60-Hz cycles from the phase delay sample of logic 400 lower than predetermined low power factor threshold value.If like this, then mark low power factor condition, it represents that load increases, and it may be single air-conditioning 88 etc.If the test of condition 158 is true (YES), then executable operations 161, it temporarily limits the execution of operation 160 within a predetermined period of time, and this time period can be represented as the quantity in AC cycle.This quantity can be chosen as the measurement powered on the inrush current expeced time produced from single air-conditioning, and to reduce given amount, thus it is fallen under given threshold value.In a nonrestrictive example, there are 12 continuous print AC cycles in this interruption, and its load current of charging into roughly corresponding to single air conditioner load in one application declines time of 8 amperes from when starting.In order to test the change declined corresponding to this type of inrush current, also minimum the and maximum current output in this predetermined cycle span can be determined in operation 161.Difference between minimum and maximum current output and the inrush current drop threshold after the AC cycle of predetermined quantity compare.If this difference is less than inrush current drop threshold, then confirm type II transient condition exception.If this difference is equal to or greater than the inrush current drop threshold desired by exception, then open type II transient condition within the time of another predetermined length that can represent in the AC cycle, so that can executable operations 160.In a limiting examples, inrush current drop threshold is set to 8 amperes (Amp), and the quantity in cycle is 19 when difference is greater than this threshold value, suppose there is 31 cycles (12+19 cycle) altogether, can according to the Exception handling of normal program condition of service 158 within these cycles.

As under conditional 158 to the override (override) of any interruption of type II transient condition, carry out Transient Load Current (TLC) measure and by its be applicable to the first threshold in single AC cycle and be applicable to the Second Threshold in any two continuous print AC cycles and compare.When system is when transient mode (TM=is true), dynamically determine TLC by the difference in a cycle to another cycle in accumulative outgoing current.At any time TLC more than first or Second Threshold time, then declaration type II transient condition executable operations 160.In a nonrestrictive example, the first single Ct value is set to 80 amperes, and the second two consecutive periods threshold values are set to 74 amperes.When adding the reactive or large resistive loading that cause the power factor change observed in conjunction with logic 400 at first, wish that this override stops Type II to be interrupted.In one configuration, found that the startup of two or more air-conditionings can cause this override desirably to occur.

Turn back to condition 156, if the test of type II transient condition is false, then carry out condition 164.Condition 164 tests the type III transient condition of the negative transient state (load circuit) being used for special properties.Specifically, if to decline at two continuous print sampling internal burdens with predetermined sampling frequency be greater than falling-threshold value or DC bus voltage exceedes the upper limit, then declaration type II transient condition executable operations 166.In operation 166, reduce genset speed by the maximum deceleration of engine 32 with possible flank speed.In a nonrestrictive realization, according to 50kHz sampling frequency, load drops to larger 4.5KW, and DC bus voltage upper limit is 350 volts.

If the test of condition 164 is false (no), then arrive operation 162.Type IV transient condition is processed in operation 162.In operation 162, (positive transient state) is increased for the load not being restricted to Type II, apply the boost power from device 170 and increase genset speed, to meet the target power level being subject to the restriction of velocity variations (oblique ascension) rate, this percentage speed variation causes the genset acceleration being less than maximum available rate of change.For an embodiment, booster circuit is configured to provide between the transient period of relatively short time length and nearly doubles its continuous rating value.This time length usually corresponds to and supports type i and type II transient condition and help engine 32 to accelerate required amount of boost quickly during large resistive loading, and these two transient conditions produce from suffering the reactive load of initial inrush current.For reactive load, such as single air-conditioning 88, time length is long enough to the initial inflow supporting low power factor load (as air conditioner compressor motor), and allows the slower oblique ascension of alternator speed.The load produced after start-up can be less than generator set rated value, and this allows slowly to ramp up to generator set final velocity, and it causes the final equilibrium mode of genset plus charge.

Operation 162 also process by required boost power is increased to generator set 30 can those load variations of processing of power stage.When the speed of the generator set 30 being subject to oblique ascension restriction increases, the power level provided by equipment 70 reduces, to maintain given power level.Routine 150 turns back to process 120 from operation 162.If steady state power level is more than or equal to the power capability of generator set 30, then generator set 30 runs with maximum capacity/speed, and is supplemented by the supplemental capacity from storage equipment 70, causes the steady state power share mode of operation 138.On the contrary, if steady state power level is less than genset power capacity, then boost power arrives zero, and is prohibited when generator set 30 reaches the speed corresponding to steady state power level.In this case, the steady state power share mode that charge mode causes operation 136 is enabled.

The changed power of the target post-transient steady-state power requirement had in the generating capacity of generator set 30 is also comprised in operation 162.Correspondingly, reduce equipment 70 charging level in charge mode, and increase genset speed.When the genset share of power load increases along with its speed, charge level can increase until the power of power load and charging jointly reaches the generating capacity of generator set 30, then reach maximum desired charge level, or produce the expectation power stage of generator set 30.

For the negative transient state outside type-iii, again arrive operation 162.In this case, operating 162 regulates applicable boosting, charging and/or engine speed to process corresponding load loss.Similar with the situation increasing engine speed, any reduction of the speed of engine is all limited by the rate of change limit previously described in operation 162.

The acceleration/accel restriction of operation 162 usually in fact lower than generator set 30 can peak acceleration.In a preferred form, selected percentage speed variation restriction is less than or equal to per minute per second 100 turns of (rpm) (100rpm/s).In more preferably form, selected percentage speed variation restriction is less than or equal to 50rpm/s.In preferred form, this restriction is less than or equal to 20rpm/s.In most preferred form, this restriction is approximately 10rpm/s.

After the charging level and genset speed stabilize of any operation 160,162 or 166, routine 150 turns back to process 120.In a nonrestrictive method, when target power unit capacity arrives predetermined threshold relative to current power unit capacity (such as 2% etc.), transient mode terminates (TM=vacation=0).Along with transient mode stops, depend on the generating capacity of steady state power level relative to engine, in operation 136 and/or operation 138, cause steady state power share mode.

In one implementation, if extra transient affair appears in the period of acceleration gradually of genset speed, then system continues to upgrade total system load and upgrades boosting and target genset speed.If extra transient affair occurs, then can correspondingly reclassify transient state and process.It shall yet further be noted that load transient is main generation type IV transient condition generally in typical electrobus or ocean application.

Turn back to process 120, operation 124,128,136 and 138 proceeds to condition 140.Condition 140 tests the operation whether continuing process 120.If condition 140 is true (YES), then process 120 turns back to condition 122 again to perform remaining logic.If condition 140 is false, then process 120 stops.It should be understood that process 120, routine 150, logic 200 and logic 400 each be that the symbolic logical of various subordinate and standalone feature represents, these functions can embody with a lot of diverse ways and/or realize.Such as, although illustrate these functions with orderly continuation mode, can multiple condition be resequenced with operation, merge, is separated, parallel work-flow and/or configure with the different modes that those skilled in the art will be known.Such possibility comprises similar and/or discrete realization.It should be understood that in other embodiments, different standards can be used to carry out detected transient and/or different transient state responses can be provided.In another embodiment, the limited acceleration/accel of generator set 30 and/or deceleration/decel are not used, or are removed by the operator command that operator's input control and telltale 115 provide.Alternatively or additional, can the more or less transient type of identified/detected and/or to define in various transient type by different standards one or more.In certain operational modes, charging can be reduced or eliminated to reduce genset speed in stable state.Alternatively or additional, boost power can be used replace the generator set 30 at lower steady state power level place under the boost power capacity of storage equipment 70.This operation may be limited by the monitored reserve power level of storage equipment 70.Boost power also can be used for reducing otherwise the power that can be provided by generator set 30, so that generator set 30 is maintained lower speed.

There are other embodiments a lot of of the application.Such as, one or more fuel cell system, can be used as the electrochemical cell of storage equipment 70 or the optional of battery pack or additional form based on the storage equipment of electric capacity and/or the multi-form electrical energy storage device that recharges.And one or more fuel cell (including but not limited to hydrogen/oxygen reactant type) can be used for providing some or all power of self generating sets 30 and/or energy storage device 70.Engine 32 can be gasoline, diesel oil, gas or mixing confession fuel; Or with those skilled in the art, the different modes known is supplied with fuel.In addition, it should be understood that engine 32 can be different from reciprocating piston, intermittent combustion type, and/or coach engine 26 can be used to replace engine 32, with the mechanical horsepower of providing mechanical horsepower or supplementary engine 32 to provide to electrical generator 34.In yet, vehicles drive system 28 is boats and ships.In a distortion preferably, when being with or without engine 32, the rotational mechanical power of electrical generator 34 provides from cardan shaft (such as transmission shaft).Alternatively or additional, electrical generator 34 can have different types on demand, includes but not limited to wound field alternator etc., and it is suitable for the circuit/control adapting to so different generator types.

Another example comprises more than one rectifier/DC bus/inverter circuit, to be exported to fixed frequency electric power by the power converter from variable speed generator.For a realization, three-phase that generator configurations has two to isolate exports, and eachly provides electric power to different inverter circuits, but identical engine is used as primary mover.When using multiple rectifier/DC bus/inverter circuit by this way, they some or all can comprise the charging/boosting circuit operated by corresponding DC bus.In another example, the assessment technology of logic 200 is for assessment of the load variations in dissimilar electric system, and these electric system can or can not be relevant to vehicle, can comprise or can not comprise variable speed generator, storage equipment etc.

Other embodiment comprises: run power generating system and export to provide AC electric power; The change of the power load of evaluating system is to distinguish three or more individual different transient condition; In response to first in different transient condition, the adjustment of the first kind of actuating system; And in response to second in different transient condition, the adjustment of the Second Type of actuating system.

Another example comprises: run power generating system and export to provide the electric power with target waveform period; The electrical load change of evaluating system is distinguished from other different transient condition one or more with first in the multiple different transient condition of the startup by two or more air-conditionings corresponding; And, the operation of control system is carried out according to different transient condition.

Another example comprises: run power generating system and export to provide the AC electric power with target waveform period; The electric current that AC electricity exports is assessed, to identify the transient condition of the first kind in each time portion of the multiple different time portion of wave period; The power factor that AC electricity exports is assessed, to identify the transient condition of Second Type within the time period being greater than wave period; And, according to the operation of transient condition types control system.

Another example comprises: run power generating system and export to provide the electric power with target waveform period; The first transient condition is detected in response to the load variations of the startup of in the multiple air-conditioning of correspondence; Further load variations in response to two or more starting of air conditioner corresponding detects the second transient condition; In response to the first transient condition, the adjustment of the first kind of actuating system; And, in response to the second transient condition, the adjustment of the Second Type of actuating system.

Another example comprises: utilize vehicle to carry dislocation generation system and multiple air-conditioning; Run dislocation generation system to export to provide the AC electric power with target waveform period; Perform the assessment of the power factor that AC electric power exports, to determine whether power transience is only produced by the startup of single air-conditioning instead of two or more air-conditionings; And, according to the operation of this assessment control system.

Another example comprises: run power generating system, this power generating system comprises the variable speed generator being coupled to DC bus, the electrical energy storage being coupled to DC bus and is coupled to the inverter of DC bus; Export by providing the variable AC power of self generator and coming to produce AC electric power from inverter from least one in the DC power of electrical energy storage; The change of the power load of evaluating system, to distinguish three or more individual different transient condition; And, provide the different transient of system to respond according to different transient condition.

Another example comprises: power generating system, and this power generating system has the variable speed generator being coupled to DC bus, the electrical energy storage being coupled to DC bus and is coupled to the inverter of DC bus.This system comprises for by providing the variable AC power of self generator and coming to produce from inverter the module that AC electric power exports from least one in the DC power of electrical energy storage, for assessment of the change of the power load of system to distinguish the module of three or more different transient conditions; And, the module responded for providing the different transient of system according to different transient condition.

Another example comprises: utilize vehicle to carry dislocation generation system and multiple air-conditioning, and this power generating system comprises variable speed generator and drives the engine of electrical generator; Assessment electrical load change, with the startup of the startup and single air-conditioning of distinguishing two or more air-conditionings; And, provide the transient state response of system to the startup of two or more air-conditionings and system to the second transient state response of the startup of single air-conditioning.

In a different example, vehicle is utilized to carry dislocation generation system and multiple air-conditioning.This system comprises variable speed generator and drives the engine of electrical generator.Also comprise: for assessment of electrical load change with the module of the startup of the startup and single air-conditioning of distinguishing two or more air-conditionings, and, for providing first transient state response of system to the startup of two or more air-conditionings and system to the module of the second transient state response of the startup of single air-conditioning.First transient state response and the second transient state response different from each other.

Another example comprises: utilize vehicle to carry dislocation generation system, and this power generating system comprises variable speed generator and drives the engine of electrical generator, exports to provide the AC electric power with target waveform; The electric current that AC electric power exports is assessed, to identify the transient condition of the first kind in each part of the multiple different time portion of target waveform; The power factor that AC electric power exports is assessed, to identify the transient condition of Second Type within the time period being greater than waveform; And, the operation of control system is carried out according to transient condition types.

Another example relates to a kind of system, and it comprises engine, the variable speed generator being mechanically coupled to engine, electrical energy storage and control circuit.Engine is constructed to drive electrical generator to provide variable frequency AC power.Power control circuit comprises rectifier variable frequency AC power being transformed into DC power, the DC bus being coupled to rectifier and electrical energy storage, is coupled to the sensing device that DC bus exports with the inverter providing the AC electric power of adjustment and export and monitor power.The electric energy that circuit is constructed between control DC bus and electrical energy storage exchanges, and comprise the change that operation logic carrys out the power load of evaluating system, with distinguish three or more different transient conditions and produce output signal come regulator generator and the electric energy between DC bus and electrical energy storage exchange at least one.

Another example comprises: run power generating system and export to provide the electric power with target waveform period; To the electric current of each section of the sequence time section described output of assessment, the described time period is each is less than wave period; To detect the transient condition of the change of the power load corresponding to system relative to the curent change of one or more section At All Other Times according to one or more time period; And, the operation of control system is carried out in response to transient condition.

Another example comprises: run power generating system and export to provide the electric power with target waveform period; To each wave period of described output, carry out multiple AC electricity and export assessment, each AC electricity exports assessment and corresponds to one different in multiple time period, and the described time period is each is less than wave period; Detected transient condition is carried out according to assessment; And, the operation of control system in response to transient condition.

Another example relates to the power generating system providing the electric power with target waveform period to export.This system comprises: the module exporting assessment for carrying out multiple AC electricity, and each AC electricity exports assessment and corresponds to one different in multiple time period.These time periods are each is less than wave period.Also comprise: for carrying out the module of detected transient condition according to assessment, and, for the module of the operation of the control system in response to transient condition.

In another example, power generating system provides the electric power with target waveform period to export, and comprises: for the module of the electric current of each section of assessment output to sequence time section, each time period is less than wave period.Also comprise: for detect the module of the transient condition of the change of the power load corresponding to system relative to the curent change of one or more section At All Other Times according to one or more time period, and, for the module of the operation of the control system in response to transient condition.

Another example comprises: run power generating system and export to provide the AC electric power with target waveform period; Value sequence is set up in the corresponding time period in multiple continuous time section, each value represents the electric current of output, the described time period is each is less than target waveform period, and determined to the difference between second in described value first and described value each time period, first in described value is more in the sequence compared with second, from corresponding to be greater than target waveform period time period span subset value subset select in described value second, and, perform comparing of described difference and threshold value.This compares the operation that can be used for controlling power generating system.

Another example comprises the power generating system providing the AC electric power with target waveform period to export, this power generating system comprises: for setting up the module of value sequence in the corresponding time period in multiple continuous time section, each value represents the electric current of output, and the wherein said time period is each is less than target waveform period.Described module of setting up also comprises: for determining the module of the difference between second in described value first and described value within each time period, first in described value is more in the sequence compared with second; For from corresponding to be greater than target waveform period time period span subset value subset in select in described value the module of second; And, for performing the module compared of described difference and threshold value.This system also comprises the module of the operation for relatively controlling power generating system according to this.

In another example, the technology of the application comprises: provide power generating system to export to provide the AC electric power under target frequency; For each wave period of described output, repeatedly compare in the time period that use value is different in multiple time period, each value represents the electric current that AC electric power exports, and wave period corresponds to target frequency, and the described time period is eachly less than wave period; Assessment compares to determine whether transient condition exists; And, the operation of control system in response to transient condition.

Another example is included in the power generating system providing the AC electric power under target frequency to export.This system comprises: for each wave period for described output, and the module repeatedly compared in the time period that use value is different in multiple time period, each value represents the electric current that AC electric power exports.Wave period corresponds to target frequency, and the described time period is eachly less than wave period.Also comprise: for assessment of the module comparing to determine whether transient condition exists, and, for the module of the operation of the control system in response to transient condition.

Another example relates to a kind of system, and it comprises: engine; Mechanically be coupled to the variable speed generator of engine, engine is constructed to drive electrical generator to provide variable frequency AC power; Be coupled to electrical generator to provide the power circuit (power circuitry) of DC power on DC bus to variable frequency AC power rectification, and, from DC bus provide have target waveform period, through regulate AC electric power export inverter; Detect the current sensor of the electric current of the AC electric power output regulated; And, be operatively coupled to the treater of current sensor and power circuit.Treater comprises operation logic and set up value sequence in the corresponding time period in multiple continuous time section, and each value represents the electric current of output, and the described time period is each is less than target waveform period; The difference between second in described value first and described value is determined and more described difference and threshold value within each time period; If described difference reaches threshold value within any one time period, determine that transient condition exists; And, produce output signal in response to transient condition.Engine increases the rotative speed of electrical generator in response to output signal.

Another example relates to a kind of power generating system providing the AC electric power with target waveform period to export.Also comprise: for setting up the module of the value sequence representing the electric current exported in the corresponding time period in multiple continuous time section, the described time period is each is less than wave period, and, for the module of processing costs within an each corresponding time period of described time period.This processing module comprises the module for the difference between determine within a corresponding time period of described time period in described value first and described value second, first in described value is more recently in the sequence of value compared with second in described value, and, also comprise in corresponding one of the described time period from corresponding to be greater than target waveform time period span subset value subset select in described value the module of second, and, for performing the module compared of described difference and threshold value.In addition, comprise for according to the module of operation relatively controlling power generating system.

Any theory stated herein, operation mechanism, demonstration or discovery are intended to strengthen the understanding of the present invention further, and are not intended to make the present invention depend on these theories, operation mechanism, demonstration or discovery by any way.Should understand, although the feature described by indicating the use of word " preferably ", " preferably " or " preferably " in superincumbent description may be expect, but it can be optional, and the embodiment lacking these features can be envisioned within the scope of the invention, this scope is defined by the appended claims.In reading right requires, unless pointed out contrary situation clearly in the claims, when using the word of such as " ", " ", " at least one ", " at least partially ", be not intended to claim is only limited to a project.In addition, situation unless specifically noted the contrary, when using language " at least partially " and/or " part ", project can comprise a part and/or whole project.Although be shown specifically in accompanying drawing and aforementioned explanation and describe the present invention; proportionately; by accompanying drawing and aforementioned explanation illustratively property instead of restrictive; should understand; only illustrate and describe selected embodiment, and herein or all changes of carrying out in the spirit of the present invention limited by any one claims, change and equivalent all claimed.