CN102967898B - Integrated photonic crystal multiplexer based on Y-type structure and bent waveguide - Google Patents
Integrated photonic crystal multiplexer based on Y-type structure and bent waveguide Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an implementation method of an efficient multiplexer based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal Y-type structure and 60-degree bent waveguides. A lithium niobate photonic crystal with a triangular lattice medium background air hole structure is adopted; a wave combining function is achieved by integrating the Y-type structure and the two 60-degree bent waveguides on a same photonic crystal plate; and the entire structure is optimized and the wave combining efficiency is also improved by changing the Y-type structure and the position and the radius of an air hole in the corner of each bent waveguide, and thus, the efficient multiplexer of the photonic crystal is achieved. The multiplexer is compact in wave combining structure, high in wave combining efficiency, wide in bandwidth, and suitable for a full-optical integrated system, and the implementation method of an ultra-small efficient photonic crystal multiplexer is provided for a full-optical network, an ROF (radio over fiber) system and the like in future.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of implementation method of the efficient wave multiplexer based on 2 D photon crystal y-type structure and 60 ° of curved waveguides, belong to wave multiplexer field.
Background technology
[document 1.E.Yablonovitch since the concept of photonic crystal in 1987 is suggested first, " Inhibited SpontaneoasEmission in Solid-State Physics and Electronics, " Physical Review Letters 582059-2062, 1987, document 2.S.John, " Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices, " [J] .Phys Rev L ett, 58, 24862-2489, 1987.], due to the many excellent performance of forbidden photon band, the performance of photonic crystal in light process causes the interest of many research groups.The characteristic excellent in photocontrol of photonic crystal makes it have a wide range of applications in the super intensive compact photonic device of making.And photon crystal wave-guide is little with its size, the advantages such as loss is low become the basis of the Primary Component in optic integrated circuit, 2 × 1 wave multiplexers are then elemental device [the document 3.F.Kuo in integrated device, N.Chen, H.Tsai, J.Shi, and J.E.Bowers, " High-Power Photonic Transmitter-Mixers with Integrated Wilkinson PowerCombiner for Wireless Communication with High Data Rate (15 Gbps) at W-band, " in Optical FiberCommunication Conference (OFC), Los Angeles, California, 2012, document 4.A.Hashim, N.Bamicdakis, R.V.Penty, and I.H.White, " Multimode 90 ° of-Crossings, Combiners and Splitters for a Polymer-BasedOn-Board Optical Bus, " in CLEO:Science and Innovations (CLEO:S and I), San Jose, California, 2012, document 5.Y.Shamir, YoavSintov, and M.Shtaif, " Large-mode-area fused-fiber combiners, with nearlylowest-mode brightness conservation, " Opt.Lett.36,2874-2876,2011.].Traditional based in the circuit of waveguide, often adopt and use [document 6.D.Wang as wave multiplexer after beam splitter good for design performance is directly inverted, W.Liu, Q.Xiao, and J.Shi, " Embedded metal-wire nanograting and its application in an optical polarization beamsplitter/combiner; " Applied Optics, 47,312-316,2008; Document 7.M.Wescott, G.Chen, Y.Zhang, B.G.Bagley, and R.T.Deck, " All-optical combiner-splitter and gating devices based on straight waveguidesApplied Optics; 46,3177-3184,2007; Document 8.N.Bamiedakis, J.Y.Ha, F.Yang, A.Wonfor, R.V.Penty, I.H.White, J.Degroot, and T.Clapp " Multimode SCM-based PON Architecture for Computer NetworkApplications Using a Low-Cost Polymer 1x8 Splitter/Combiner, " in Photonic ApplicaionsSystems Technologies Conference, 2007.].Based in the circuit of waveguide, two output terminal is separate and loss that is reflection is little, and based in the circuit of photonic crystal, although have studied various high performance 1 × 2 beam splitter [document 9.L.H.Frandsen, P.I.Borel, Y.X.Zhuang, A.Harpoth, M.Thorhauge, and M.Kristensen, " Ultralow-loss 3-dB photonic crystal waveguide splitter, " Opt.Lett., 29,1623-1625,2004, document 10.A.
and M.Kristensen, " Broadband topology-optimized photonic crystalcomponents forboth TE and TM polarizations, " Opt.Express, 13, 8606-8611, 2005.], but due to not independence and the stronger loss of two ports, adopt unsatisfactory [the document 11.A.Martinez of conjunction ripple effect that classic method obtains, P.Sanchis, andJ.Marti, " Mach-Zehnder interferometers in photonic crystals, " Optical and QuantamElectronics 37, 77-93, 2005.].Study shorter mention photonic crystal multiplexer both at home and abroad at present, even if a few studies realizes high-performance by intense adjustment and closes ripple, but too complicated [the document 12.S.Kim of design, I.Park and H.Lim, " Proposal forideal 3-dB splitters-combiners in photonic crystals ", Opt.Lett., 30,257-259,2005.].
Large quantifier elimination [document 13.S.Boscolo and M.Midrio has been carried out both at home and abroad in y-type structure and 60 ° of curved waveguides, " Y junctions in photonic crystal channel waveguides:high transmission and impedaxcematching, " Opt.Lett., 27, 1001-1003, 2002, document 14.W.Kim and J.O ' Brien, " Optimization of atwo-dimensional photonic-crystal waveguide branch by simulated annealing and the finite-elementmethod ", J.Opt.Soc.Am.B, 21, 289-295, 2004, document 15.C.Wang, K.Lee, and R.La, " Transmission Characteristic of Defect for the 90 ° of Bend Photonic Crystal, " in15
thoptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC2010) Technical Digest, 2010.], this is that the wave multiplexer designing high-performance high bandwidth provides theoretical foundation.Y-type structure and 60 ° of curved waveguides are integrated, the parameters such as the airport at employing optimal corner place and position, can obtain 2 × 1 wave multiplexers of high-transmission rate high bandwidth.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve: when directly reversing photonic crystals splitter as wave multiplexer, due to the mutually problem such as interference and high reverse--bias loss and problem that the efficient conjunction ripple that causes cannot realize between two input ends, thus propose a kind of based on y-type structure and integrated 2 × 1 photonic crystal multiplexer of 60 ° of curved waveguides.
On the basis utilizing photonic crystal y-type structure and 60 ° of curved waveguide theories, both structures are optimized, again both are integrated, be connected with y-type structure as input end by two 60 ° of curved waveguides, again using the output terminal of the input end of y-type structure as wave multiplexer, realize 2 × 1 photonic crystal multiplexer of inverted Y-shaped high-level efficiency height of eye bandwidth.
Realize by following measure in object of the present invention:
Based on an implementation method for the efficient wave multiplexer of 2 D photon crystal y-type structure and 60 ° of curved waveguides, wherein:
This wave multiplexer in the empty photonic crystal of two-dimentional triangular crystal lattice air, utilize y-type structure and two 60 ° of curved waveguides are integrated realizes, wherein in this 2 D photon crystal, symmetry introduces two 60 ° of curved waveguides as input end, introduce y-type structure at the output terminal of a structure curved waveguide, and be connected with the output terminal of y-type structure.Wherein, light wave realizes closing ripple at output terminal after two input end inputs of wave multiplexer.By regulating airport and the position of the corner of 60 ° of curved waveguides and y-type structure respectively, both are integrated optimization, thus realize the conjunction wave energy of high-level efficiency high bandwidth.
Described 2 D photon crystal airport 2 × 1 photonic crystal multiplexer structure is by a y-type structure and two 60 ° of curved waveguides are integrated forms, two 60 ° of curved waveguides are the inputs in order to realize two-way light beam, and the object of y-type structure two-way is inputted light wave be combined efficiently.
In described photonic crystal, background is lithium niobate, is air in airport.The refractive index of described background lithium niobate is 2.143, and the refractive index of airport is 1.
In described photonic crystal, grating constant is 558nm, and except corner's airport, other airport radius is 0.3a.
Described y-type structure design is as follows: using the waveguide of wave multiplexer light output end as axis of symmetry, remove each two (from left 5th and the 6th airports of wave multiplexer light output end dextrad) in axis of symmetry upper and lower first row airport, change the radius R 1=0.22a (from left 3rd and the 4th airport of wave multiplexer light output end dextrad) of the upper and lower first row of axis of symmetry four airports, and respectively it is moved S1=0.02a (from left 4th airport of wave multiplexer light output end dextrad) relative to axis of symmetry to the direction of departing from axis of symmetry, S2=0.01a (from left 3rd airport of wave multiplexer light output end dextrad), change the radius R 3=0.22a (from left 7th airport of wave multiplexer light output end dextrad) of each two airports of the upper and lower second row of axis of symmetry, R4=0.24a (from left 6th airport of wave multiplexer light output end dextrad), add a R5=0.65a airport in the position as wave multiplexer output terminal waveguide the 6th airport (left from wave multiplexer light output end dextrad): change the radius R 6=0.5a with the airport of 120 ° of corners of wave multiplexer output terminal waveguide parallel position, and change radius R 7=0.4a, R8=0.34a of first and the 3rd adjacent with it airport (going out air along two outer two waveguide first rows) respectively.
60 ° of described curved waveguide designs are as follows: with the waveguide of wave multiplexer light input end for reference, change radius size R9=0.34a, the R10=0.36a of first row the 18th and the 19th airport (from left to right from wave multiplexer light input end) above input end waveguide respectively; Change and hold the radius R 11=0.34a of capable first airport (from left to right from wave multiplexer light input end) level with both hands with ripple device input waveguide; Change the radius R 12=0.36a of first row the 18th and the 19th airport (from left to right from wave multiplexer light input end) below input end waveguide respectively, R13=0.32a; Change the radius R 14=0.33a of second row the 18th (from left to right from wave multiplexer light input end) below input end waveguide.
The present invention has the following advantages compared with classic method:
Use conventional methods is use as wave multiplexer after beam splitter excellent for design performance is directly inverted, but based in the system of photonic crystal, thus the wave multiplexer that obtains of method due to input port not the problem such as independence, high reverse--bias cause the performance of wave multiplexer low, even can not use, and corresponding utilized bandwidth reduces.But utilize the wave multiplexer of y-type structure and 60 ° of curved waveguide phase integration realizations, only need to regulate the size of corner's airport and position just can realize high-performance and high bandwidth.In addition, the present invention adopts the photonic crystal of the background media air sky done based on lithium niobate material, has better realizability and more ripe processing technology relative to the photonic crystal making air background dielectric posts.
Principle of the present invention is as follows:
This wave multiplexer adopts triangular crystal lattice medium background air hole photonic crystal, integrated by a y-type structure and two 60 ° of curved waveguides, by changing radius and the position of the airport of y-type structure and 60 ° of curved waveguide corners, first local optimum y-type structure and 60 ° of curved waveguides global optimization again, thus improve the performance of wave multiplexer, realize the conjunction wave energy of efficient high bandwidth
For the photonic crystal be not optimized 60 ° of curved waveguides, due to the reason such as strong reflection and patten transformation, the transmissivity from incoming wave to output waveguide is extremely low, and this has had a strong impact on the performance of wave multiplexer.And airport radius and position etc. around the corner drastically influence transmissivity and the bandwidth of curved waveguide.Significantly can improve the performance of curved waveguide by changing the parameters such as the radius of airport of corner and position, thus lay the foundation for the wave multiplexer obtaining high-transmission rate and high bandwidth.
For the y-type structure be not optimized when exporting use as input one end, two ends, due to the not independence of two ports and the effect of strong reflection, two-way light wave effectively can not be synthesized a route output terminal to export, but be exported from input waveguide by a large amount of light waves.And the radius of the airport of corner and position drastically influence this performance.Can obviously deal with problems by changing the parameters such as the radius of corner airport and position, then after it and 60 ° of curved waveguides are integrated optimization, thus obtain the wave multiplexer of high-transmission rate and high bandwidth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural parameters of the photonic crystal that following figure gets are all identical with embodiment.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of this wave multiplexer, wherein (a) represents the structural representation before not optimizing, b () represents the structural representation after optimizing, basic structure is that the light in triangular crystal lattice medium background air hole is in crystal, by a y-type structure and two 60 ° of curved waveguides integrated, the radius size of the airport of the corner after concrete optimization is as shown in mark in figure.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of triangular crystal lattice medium background air hole photonic crystal 60 ° of curved waveguides, and (a) represents that the structural representation before not optimizing, (b) represent the structural representation after optimizing.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of triangular crystal lattice medium background air hole photonic crystal y-type structure, and (a) represents that the structural representation before not optimizing, (b) represent the structural representation after optimizing.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the triangular crystal lattice medium background air hole photonic crystal y-type structure of mark and the airport of 60 ° of curved waveguide corner optimizations, wherein indicates the schematic diagram being optimization part of numeral.A () represents y-type structure, (b) represents 60 ° of curved waveguides.
Fig. 5 is the transmission spectrum curve that in wave multiplexer, y-type structure optimizes front and back wave multiplexer.
Fig. 6 is the field pattern of the wave multiplexer of design.
Embodiment
Wave multiplexer structure is by a y-type structure and two 60 ° of curved waveguides are integrated forms, as shown in Figure 1.Triangular crystal lattice medium background air hole photonic crystal is as basic structure, y-type structure and 60 ° of curved waveguides are integrated, the output terminal of 60 ° of curved waveguides is wave multiplexer input end, and output terminal is connected with the output terminal of y-type structure, and the input end of y-type structure is as the output terminal of wave multiplexer.
First for 60 ° of curved waveguides and y-type structure, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, in figure, a is grating constant, a=558nm, and the radius of airport is 0.3a, and refractive index is 1, and medium background adopts lithium niobate, and refractive index is 2.143.Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method (FDTD) is utilized to emulate 60 ° of curved waveguides and wave multiplexer respectively, the transmission spectrum that obtains is emulated as shown in Figure 5 to 60 ° of curved waveguides, as seen from Figure 5, whether 60 ° of curved waveguides are optimized, namely the radius of the airport of mark in Fig. 4 (b) and position are debugged, very large to the performance impact of 60 ° of curved waveguides, after the radius size of carrying out marking in as Fig. 1 to the radius of the airport of mark in Fig. 4 (b) is optimized, can obtain more satisfactory effect, transmissivity and bandwidth are obtained for raising.
By 60 ° of curved waveguides having optimized and y-type structure integrated after, Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method (FDTD) is adopted to be optimized y-type structure, namely debug the radius of the airport of mark in Fig. 4 (a) and position, the performance of wave multiplexer has significant change.After the radius size of carrying out marking in as Fig. 1 to the radius of the airport of mark in Fig. 4 (b) is optimized, can obtain more satisfactory effect, transmissivity and the bandwidth of wave multiplexer are obtained for raising.Finally utilize continuous wave to obtain the field pattern of wave multiplexer, as shown in Figure 6, visible, two bundle incoming waves after the input of two input ends output terminal more satisfactory achieve conjunction ripple.
Claims (2)
1., based on an implementation method for the efficient high bandwidth 2 D photon crystal wave multiplexer of y-type structure and 60 ° of curved waveguides, concrete methods of realizing is as follows:
This wave multiplexer be utilize in the photonic crystal of medium background air hole y-type structure and 60 ° of curved waveguides integrated, wherein y-type structure is as axis of symmetry using the waveguide of wave multiplexer light output end, remove axis of symmetry up and down in each first row from left 5th and the 6th airport of wave multiplexer light output end dextrad, by axis of symmetry up and down each first row the 3rd airport radius change 0.22a into and move 0.01a outside axis of symmetry vertical direction, 4th airport radius changes 0.22a into and move 0.02a outside axis of symmetry vertical direction, by axis of symmetry up and down each second row the 7th airport radius change 0.22a into, 6th airport radius is 0.24a, adding a radius in the position as wave multiplexer output terminal waveguide the 6th airport is the airport of 0.65a, change the airport radius of 120 ° of corners with wave multiplexer output terminal waveguide parallel position into 0.5a and change adjacent with it for both sides first and the 3rd airport radius into 0.4a and 0.34a, the sortord of above airport is a wave multiplexer output terminal dextrad left side, a is grating constant, 60 ° of curved waveguides change first row above input end waveguide into 0.34a and 0.36a along the radius of wave multiplexer input end from left to right the 18th and the 19th airport, 0.34a is changed into by holding first capable airport radius level with both hands with input waveguide, change the radius of the 18th and the 19th airport of first row below input end waveguide into 0.36a and 0.32a, change the 18th the airport radius of second row below input end waveguide into 0.33a, the sortord of above airport is along wave multiplexer input end from left to right, a is grating constant, realizes wave multiplexer function by above step.
2., as described in claim 1 based on y-type structure and 60 ° of curved waveguide wave multiplexer implementation methods, it is characterized in that background is lithium niobate, namely refractive index is 2.143, and the refractive index of airport part is 1.
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| CN103630970B (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-10-21 | 山东大学 | Based on the photonic crystal Y type beam splitter of autocollimation and the gradual change effect |
| CN104950388B (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2021-04-13 | 欧阳征标 | Round hole type square lattice photonic crystal low-refractive-index single-compensation scattering column right-angle waveguide |
| CN104360439B (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2019-01-01 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of photonic crystal bending waveguiding structure based on conversion medium |
| CN105334575B (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2019-01-15 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of silicon substrate beam splitter and its manufacturing method |
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| CN109491012B (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2020-05-22 | 南京邮电大学 | Tunable light-controlled terahertz wave beam splitter based on photonic crystal |
| CN110187439B (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-13 | 南京邮电大学 | Polarization-independent beam splitter |
| CN111190252B (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2021-06-15 | 重庆大学 | Triangular lattice photonic crystal waveguide based on air column and lithium niobate air column structure |
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