CN102967758A - Separating method for indirect subentry measurement of building energy consumption - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a separating method for indirect subentry measurement of building energy consumption. The method mainly comprises the steps that: (1) the values of the active power, the inactive power, the voltage and the harmonic ratio of the current on a main line aremonitored through an intelligent electric meter in real time, and the monitored data are stored; (2)the startup and stopping signals of consumer devices are detected; (3) the identification of the consumer devices is carried out; (4) the electric energy consumed by the consumer devices is calculated; and (5) the electric energy consumed by the consumer devices is separately counted to achieve the subentry measurement of electric energy. According to the separating method, just one intelligent electric meter is used on the energy consumption monitoring main line, and therefore the trouble of directly measuring the terminal of each consumer device separately by using an electric meter is avoided, so that the measurement cost is low, the structure is simple, the identification precision of the consumer devices is high, and the accurate separate energy consumption counting for a building is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of building energy consumption metering method, belong to the building energy consumption metering field, relate to specifically a kind of indirectly metering separate energy consumption method for splitting.
Background technology
Along with carrying out of Building Energy-saving Work, a in detail directly subitem energy consumption data becomes most important.As energy-conservation reference conditions, the subitem energy consumption data all provides effective Data support for building novel energy-saving construction, existing building reducing energy consumption and assessment transformation result etc.Metering separate energy consumption, exactly measuring separately with energy equipment difference in functionality in the building.At present, the metering separate system mainly is divided into two classes: directly metering separate and indirectly metering separate.Directly metering separate be each main consumer install one independently ammeter monitor, its drawback is that the high and winding displacement mode existing building electric system of cost is not supported, is subject in actual applications the many factors impact and is difficult for realizing.The characteristics such as and indirect metering separate obtains the subitem energy consumption data mainly by the calculating means of fractionation from the total energy consumption of a building, and is low owing to its cost, that system is simple, method is reproducible have more advantage in actual applications.
Method for splitting is the core of building metering separate system, also is the gordian technique point.Domestic more common energy consumption method for splitting mainly contains following several at present.In the document " based on the metering separate energy consumption management system and the diagnosis of energy saving that split algorithm " optimization energy consumption method for splitting has been proposed, it finds the solution thinking, energy consumption to each terminal collection in the branch road is estimated, then according to the branch road energy consumption, total energy consumption is split, namely by adjusting Estimation of energy consumption value of each terminal collection, make theirs and equal total energy consumption, at last the estimation result is adjusted, draw the split result with uncertainty.The scholar who has proposes the electric energy metering separate method based on current transformer, its thought is to determine character and the type of the equipment of putting into operation according to the current change quantity of data acquisition board collection, then by calculating the electric current of the equipment of flowing through, calculate again the power of consumer according to the voltmeter that collects.Document " new electric energy metering separate system " is when the type of identification consumer, a kind of waveform factor method has been proposed, it is all not identical according to the steady-state current waveform that is building consumer commonly used, the waveform factor of electric current is also different, therefore, determine the kind of operation consumer by the waveform factor of consumer, thereby realize the metering separate of electric energy.
Although above-mentioned technology has played very large effect to the indirect metering separate of electric energy, also there are some drawbacks.Optimization energy consumption method for splitting mainly is the concept of having introduced " uncertainty ", by Estimation of energy consumption total energy consumption is split, and the metering separate of energy consumption as a result precision is not high.Based on the electric energy metering separate method of current transformer, although can calculate more accurately the power of the equipment of putting into operation, can't judge that what equipment this operational outfit is on earth, the metering separate of electric energy can't be carried out smoothly.Can identify accurately the kind of the equipment of putting into operation based on the consumer method of identification of waveform factor, realize the metering separate of electric energy, but because consumer is of a great variety, cause the waveform factor data shortcoming of comparing with the current waveform factor of used device, have significant limitation.
Summary of the invention
For the defective that existing electric energy metering separate method for splitting exists, the invention provides a kind of method for splitting of the new indirect metering separate of building energy consumption.The present invention is according to the data message of the voltage that collects, active power, reactive power and current harmonics containing ratio, the impedance of the consumer that obtains putting into operation, and capacitive reactance characteristic, while is with reference to the conventional operation time of each equipment, the comprehensive concrete kind of judging consumer, and the working time by recording unit, the electric energy that comes computing equipment to consume, thus realize the metering separate of energy consumption.
The present invention has proposed the indirect metering separate method for splitting of a kind of building energy consumption in order to realize the indirect metering separate of building energy consumption, and it mainly may further comprise the steps:
The first step, by the active-power P on the intelligent electric meter Real-Time Monitoring total line, reactive power Q, the numerical value of each parameter of relative harmonic content HRI of voltage U and electric current, and preserve the data that monitor,
Second step detects consumer and starts and stop signal, if the variation delta P of active-power P wherein
10, judge that so this signal is the enabling signal of consumer, recording this moment, the time is t
1, and the variation delta Q of monitoring reactive power Q this moment; After this, if the variation delta P of active-power P
2＜0, and
1＜k＜1.1 judge that so this signal is the stop signal of corresponding consumer, and recording this moment, the time is t
2,
The 3rd step, carry out the identification of consumer, at first, judge that consumer is frequency conversion equipment or general device, according to the current harmonics containing ratio HRI that monitors in the first step, if HRI all less than 5%, this consumer is general device so; If HRI is far longer than 5%, this consumer belongs to frequency conversion equipment so; Then judge the capacitive reactance characteristic of consumer, if the Δ Q in the second step＜0 illustrates that this equipment belongs to capacitive load, if Δ Q=0 illustrates that this equipment belongs to pure resistive load, if Δ Q〉0, illustrate that this equipment belongs to inductive load; At last, absolute value according to the variable quantity of the active-power P in the second step, the absolute value of the variable quantity of reactive power Q, and the voltage in consumer when operation calculates the impedance Z of consumer, and in conjunction with the comprehensive kind of judging this consumer working time of impedance operator table and the consumer of consumer;
In the 4th step, according to the kind of consumer, calculate the electric energy W that consumer consumes, wherein electric energy W=(the Δ P of general frequency conversion equipment consumption
1+ | Δ P
2|)/2 * (t
2-t
1); Electric energy W=(the Δ P of the pure resistive devices consume such as illumination, electric heater
1+ | Δ P
2|)/2 * (U/U
N)
2* (t
2-t
1); Computer, televisor, micro-wave oven etc. have electric energy W=(the Δ P of the frequency conversion equipment consumption of stabilized voltage supply
1+ | Δ P
2|)/2 * (U/U
N) * (t
2-t
1), U wherein
NBe the rated voltage of consumer, the voltage when U is the consumer operation, Δ P
1The variable quantity of active power during for device start, Δ P
2The variable quantity of active power when stopping for equipment, t
1Be device start time, t
2Be the equipment stand-by time.
The 5th step, the electric energy of the devices consume statistics of itemizing, the metering separate of realization energy consumption.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is electric energy metering separate scheme new among the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram that the building energy consumption metering separate splits algorithm among the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the indirect metering separate method for splitting of a kind of building energy consumption of the present invention is elaborated.
Fig. 1 is the scheme of metering separate method for splitting among the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, adopt the inventive method, only need at the main line of company's total energy consumption an intelligent electric meter to be installed, be used for the situation of change of Real-Time Monitoring desired parameters.Conventional direct metering separate method then need to be installed respectively ammeter on each electricity consumption branch road, measure the power consumption situation of each main consumer.As seen contrast adopts the inventive method thus, and equipment cost is lower, installs simply, easily realizes, and is not subjected to the limitations restrict of the winding displacement mode of existing building electric system.
Process flow diagram with reference to building energy consumption metering separate fractionation algorithm among Fig. 2 the present invention mainly comprises following steps:
Step 1: by the active-power P on the intelligent electric meter Real-Time Monitoring total line, reactive power Q, the numerical value of each parameter of relative harmonic content HRI of voltage U and electric current, and preserve the data that monitor.
Step 2: checkout equipment starts and stop signal.If the variation delta P of active-power P
1=P
2-P
10, P wherein
1For P changes front numerical value, P
2For the numerical value after the P variation, judge that so this signal is the enabling signal of equipment, recording this moment, the time is t
1, meanwhile, the variation delta Q=Q of monitoring reactive power Q
2-Q
1, Q wherein
1For Q changes front numerical value, Q
2Be the numerical value after the Q variation; After this, if the variation delta P of active-power P
2=P
3-P
2＜0, and
1＜k＜1.1, wherein P
3For the numerical value of P after again changing, judge that so this signal is the corresponding stop signal of equipment, recording this moment, the time is t
2
Step 3: carry out the identification of consumer, specifically comprise following process:
(1) judges that consumer is frequency conversion equipment or general device.This step mainly is to judge the current harmonics containing ratio HRI monitor, if HRI all less than 5%, this consumer is general device so; If HRI is far longer than 5%, this consumer belongs to frequency conversion equipment so.
(2) the capacitive reactance characteristic of judgement operational outfit.This step mainly is to judge the variable quantity of the reactive power Q that monitors, if Δ Q＜0 illustrates that this equipment belongs to capacitive load; If Δ Q=0 illustrates that this equipment belongs to pure resistive load; If Δ Q〉0, illustrate that this equipment belongs to inductive load.
(3) impedance Z of calculating operational outfit, specific formula for calculation is as follows:
Pure resistive load: Z=U
2/ | Δ P
1|
Capacitive load: R=U
2/ | Δ P
1|, ω=2 π f,
Z=R+1/j ω C
Inductive load: R=U
2/ | Δ P
1|, ω=2 π f, ω L=U
2/ | Δ Q|, Z=R+j ω L
Wherein, the voltage when U is the equipment operation, | Δ P
1| the order of magnitude of active power variable quantity when moving for equipment, | the order of magnitude of reactive power variable quantity when Δ Q| is the equipment operation, ω is the angular frequency of electric current, f is mains frequency (the domestic 50Hz of being), R is the pure resistive part of design impedance, C is the capacitance of operational outfit, and L is the inductance value of operational outfit.
(4) in conjunction with the comprehensive kind of the judging operational outfit working time of operational outfit.
Step 4: according to the kind of operational outfit, the electric energy W that computing equipment consumes.For example:
(1) for general frequency conversion equipment, load model adopts permanent power module, i.e. P=P
0
The electric energy W of devices consume is: W=(Δ P
1+ | Δ P
2|)/2 * (t
2-t
1)
(2) for pure resistive equipment such as illumination, electric heaters, load model adopts the constant impedance model, namely
The electric energy W of devices consume is: W=(Δ P
1+ | Δ P
2|)/2 * (U/U
N)
2* (t
2-t
1)
(3) have the frequency conversion equipment of stabilized voltage supply for computer, televisor, micro-wave oven etc., load model adopts the steady current model,
Namely
The electric energy W of devices consume is: W=(Δ P
1+ | Δ P
2|)/2 * (U/U
N) * (t
2-t
1).
Wherein, P
0Be the active power of consumer under rated voltage, U
NBe the rated voltage of equipment, the voltage when U is the equipment operation, Δ P
1The variable quantity of active power during for device start, Δ P
2The variable quantity of active power when stopping for equipment, t
1Be device start time, t
2Be the equipment stand-by time.
Step 5: the electric energy of the devices consume statistics of itemizing, realize the metering separate of energy consumption.
The below provides in conjunction with example, describes.
The present invention splits the electric energy consumption of Shenzhen company as embodiment.At first pass through the active-power P on the intelligent electric meter Real-Time Monitoring total line of Fig. 1, reactive power Q, the numerical value of each parameter of relative harmonic content HRI of voltage U and electric current, and preserve the data that monitor.
Change a lot when monitoring active-power P, and variation delta P
1=P
2-P
10 o'clock, illustrate that then a certain consumer begins to start operation, namely detected the device start signal, record this moment is t constantly
1Meanwhile, variation has also all occured in the relative harmonic content HRI of reactive power Q and electric current.
In the present embodiment, obtain t start-up time of certain equipment by Monitoring Data
1, and active-power P, the changing value of the relative harmonic content HRI of reactive power Q and electric current is respectively, Δ P
1=0.302kw, Δ Q=-0.34kw, HRI
3=92.31%, HRI
5=83.75%, HRI
7=72.5%, HRI
9=59.23%, HRI
11=44.33%, HRI
13=32.5%, wherein the subscript of HRI represents overtone order.Virtual voltage U=210V during the equipment operation carries out consumer identification by above-mentioned acquisition data to starting outfit.
Because the relative harmonic content HRI of electric current all is far longer than 5%, this equipment belongs to frequency conversion equipment; Δ Q=-340＜0 illustrates that this equipment is to belong to capacitive load.Impedance solution formula according to capacitive apparatus can draw:
R=U
2/|ΔP
1|=210
2/302=146，
Z=R+1/jωC=146-130j。
So obtaining the impedance of this consumer is Z=146-130j.The inventive method is carried out the identification of consumer according to the distinctive impedance operator of equipment.Nameplate mark by each consumer in the office of the said firm, we can obtain the impedance operator table of each existing device in the office in advance, and the impedance operator table of equipment is easy to get, do not need the measurement of requiring efforts, as long as clear and definite existing consumer just can obtain the corresponding impedance operator table of each equipment.Following table 1 has provided the impedance operator table of relevant consumer among the embodiment.
The impedance operator table of the relevant consumer of table 1
According to equipment conventional operation time interval, the kind of auxiliary judgment operational outfit.The present invention is divided into two kinds of office building and residential buildings and considers that the building in the present embodiment belongs to office building.
(1) office building: the time arrived between late 7 between 8 of morning, mainly was the uses such as illumination, air-conditioning, computer, refrigerator; 8 of evenings, illumination, air-conditioning, computer were stopped using between 7 of next day.
(2) residential building: the time there is no the consumers such as illumination and TV between between the 2:00 AM to 6 time, and major equipment is refrigerator; Time, consumer was mainly refrigerator, televisor between 14 o'clock to 18 o'clock; Time, consumer was mainly refrigerator, televisor, illumination and other consumer between 18 o'clock to 2 o'clock.
By the device characteristics in the impedance operator of equipment to be identified and the table 1 are contrasted, consider simultaneously t start-up time of equipment to be identified
1, can identify the concrete kind of this equipment.Its load characteristic is rendered as capacitive, and the relative harmonic content HRI of electric current is all greater than 5%, and impedance also is approximately the impedance of computer, and is positioned at the office hours interval working time, so to sum up, this starting outfit is identified as computer.
After a period of time, monitor active power numerical value and change a lot again, Δ P
2=-0.28＜0, illustrate to have detected the equipment stop signal, by judging
This moment, 1＜k＜1.1 proved that this stop signal is stop signal corresponding to previous consumer computer, and record time this moment is t
2
Calculate the electric energy that operational outfit consumes.Because computer belongs to the equipment with stabilized voltage supply, so its energy calculate formula is as follows:
W=(ΔP
1+|ΔP
2|)/2×(U/U
N)×(t
2-t
1)，
Wherein, Δ P
1The variable quantity of active power during for device start, Δ P
2Virtual voltage when the variable quantity of active power when stopping for equipment, U are the equipment operation, U
NBe the rated voltage of equipment, generally get 220V, t
1Be the start-up time of equipment, t
2Stand-by time for equipment.In the present embodiment, the value of each variable is respectively: Δ P
1=0.302kw, Δ P
2=-0.28kw, U=210V, U
N=220V, t
2-t
1So=8h is the electric energy that this computer consumes during this period of time
W=(0.302+0.28)/2×(210/220)×8=2.222kw·h
The electric energy of computer consumption belongs to the part of lighting energy consumption in office building, so the electric energy of the 2.222kwh of computer consumption is joined in the lighting energy consumption statistics of itemizing, thereby the metering separate of realization building energy consumption.
Utilization of the present invention can unique representative consumer impedance operator carry out the identification of consumer, can identify accurately like device, by the monitoring to harmonic component, can distinguish frequency conversion equipment and general consumer.Simultaneously, the present invention has also considered the working time of conventional consumer, so that the consumer that identifies is further confirmed.In addition, the present invention only uses an intelligent electric meter in the total line of energy consumption monitoring, saved the trouble that the end at each consumer uses respectively watt-hour meter directly to measure, so that it is low to measure cost, simple in structure, the accuracy of identification of consumer is high, thereby realizes the accurate subitem of building energy consumption statistic.
Claims (1)
1. indirect metering separate method for splitting of building energy consumption, it mainly may further comprise the steps:
The first step, by the active-power P on the intelligent electric meter Real-Time Monitoring total line, reactive power Q, the numerical value of each parameter of relative harmonic content HRI of voltage U and electric current, and preserve the data that monitor,
Second step detects consumer and starts and stop signal, if the variation delta P of active-power P wherein
10, judge that so this signal is the enabling signal of consumer, recording this moment, the time is t
1, and the variation delta Q of monitoring reactive power Q this moment; After this, if the variation delta P of active-power P
2＜0, and
1＜k＜1.1 judge that so this signal is the stop signal of corresponding consumer, and recording this moment, the time is t
2,
The 3rd step, carry out the identification of consumer, at first, judge that consumer is frequency conversion equipment or general device, according to the current harmonics containing ratio HRI that monitors in the first step, if HRI all less than 5%, this consumer is general device so; If HRI is far longer than 5%, this consumer belongs to frequency conversion equipment so; Then judge the capacitive reactance characteristic of consumer, if the Δ Q in the second step＜0 illustrates that this equipment belongs to capacitive load, if Δ Q=0 illustrates that this equipment belongs to pure resistive load, if Δ Q〉0, illustrate that this equipment belongs to inductive load; At last, according to the variation delta P of the active-power P in the second step
1Absolute value, the absolute value of the variation delta Q of reactive power Q, and the voltage in consumer when operation calculates the impedance Z of consumer, and in conjunction with the comprehensive kind of judging this consumer working time of impedance operator table and the consumer of consumer;
In the 4th step, according to the kind of consumer, calculate the electric energy W that consumer consumes, wherein electric energy W=(the Δ P of general frequency conversion equipment consumption
1+ | Δ P
2|)/2 * (t
2-t
1); Electric energy W=(the Δ P of the pure resistive devices consume such as illumination, electric heater
1+ | Δ P
2|)/2 * (U/U
N)
2* (t
2-t
1); Computer, televisor, micro-wave oven etc. have electric energy W=(the Δ P of the frequency conversion equipment consumption of stabilized voltage supply
1+ | Δ P
2|)/2 * (U/U
N) * (t
2-t
1), U wherein
NBe the rated voltage of consumer, the voltage when U is the consumer operation, Δ P
1The variable quantity of active power during for device start, Δ P
2The variable quantity of active power when stopping for equipment, t
1Be device start time, t
2Be the equipment stand-by time.
The 5th step, the electric energy of the devices consume statistics of itemizing, the metering separate of realization energy consumption.
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| CN103323664A (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2013-09-25 | 上海申瑞继保电气有限公司 | Electric power subentry energy consumption time-sharing demand early-warning method |
| CN103472297A (en) * | 2013-09-15 | 2013-12-25 | 珠海派诺科技股份有限公司 | Electricity subentry measurement method |
| CN104749431A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-07-01 | 同济大学 | Indirect measuring system for electricity consumption of end device of air conditioning system of public building |
| CN105606886A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-05-25 | 石红坤 | Collection device of electricity consumption information and multiple-electrical-appliance separation recognition method |
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| CN104749431A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-07-01 | 同济大学 | Indirect measuring system for electricity consumption of end device of air conditioning system of public building |
| CN106569026A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2017-04-19 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Power consumption device power consumption statistics method and system |
| CN105606886A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-05-25 | 石红坤 | Collection device of electricity consumption information and multiple-electrical-appliance separation recognition method |
| CN105807107A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-07-27 | 山东建筑大学 | Electrical equipment power consumption estimating system and method based on internet of things |
| CN108562792A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-09-21 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of electricity metering separate method based on the fusion of a variety of Current Waveform Characteristics |
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| CN110177131B (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-06-26 | 特斯联（北京）科技有限公司 | Electricity consumption statistical query method based on Internet of things |
| CN111157787A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-15 | 重庆图广盛科技有限公司 | Building electric energy monitoring system |
| CN111239485A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-06-05 | 明阳智慧能源集团股份公司 | A software metering method for self-consumption power of wind turbines |
| CN111239485B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2022-03-22 | 明阳智慧能源集团股份公司 | Self-power-consumption software metering method of wind generating set |
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Application publication date: 20130313 |