CN102965553A - 用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭及其生产工艺 - Google Patents
用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭及其生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102965553A CN102965553A CN2012105327487A CN201210532748A CN102965553A CN 102965553 A CN102965553 A CN 102965553A CN 2012105327487 A CN2012105327487 A CN 2012105327487A CN 201210532748 A CN201210532748 A CN 201210532748A CN 102965553 A CN102965553 A CN 102965553A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- percentage composition
- quality percentage
- stove
- cast ingot
- controlled
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>
<svg version='1.1' baseProfile='full'
              xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'
                      xmlns:rdkit='http://www.rdkit.org/xml'
                      xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'
                  xml:space='preserve'
width='300px' height='300px' viewBox='0 0 300 300'>
<!-- END OF HEADER -->
<rect style='opacity:1.0;fill:#FFFFFF;stroke:none' width='300' height='300' x='0' y='0'> </rect>
<text x='138' y='170' class='atom-0' style='font-size:40px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#3B4143' >A</text>
<text x='165.6' y='170' class='atom-0' style='font-size:40px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#3B4143' >l</text>
<path d='M 178.898,150 L 178.891,149.828 L 178.869,149.657 L 178.832,149.489 L 178.781,149.325 L 178.716,149.166 L 178.637,149.012 L 178.546,148.867 L 178.443,148.729 L 178.328,148.601 L 178.202,148.483 L 178.067,148.377 L 177.923,148.282 L 177.771,148.201 L 177.614,148.132 L 177.45,148.078 L 177.283,148.037 L 177.113,148.012 L 176.941,148 L 176.769,148.004 L 176.598,148.023 L 176.429,148.056 L 176.264,148.103 L 176.103,148.165 L 175.948,148.24 L 175.801,148.328 L 175.661,148.429 L 175.53,148.541 L 175.41,148.664 L 175.301,148.797 L 175.203,148.939 L 175.118,149.088 L 175.046,149.245 L 174.988,149.407 L 174.944,149.573 L 174.915,149.743 L 174.9,149.914 L 174.9,150.086 L 174.915,150.257 L 174.944,150.427 L 174.988,150.593 L 175.046,150.755 L 175.118,150.912 L 175.203,151.061 L 175.301,151.203 L 175.41,151.336 L 175.53,151.459 L 175.661,151.571 L 175.801,151.672 L 175.948,151.76 L 176.103,151.835 L 176.264,151.897 L 176.429,151.944 L 176.598,151.977 L 176.769,151.996 L 176.941,152 L 177.113,151.988 L 177.283,151.963 L 177.45,151.922 L 177.614,151.868 L 177.771,151.799 L 177.923,151.718 L 178.067,151.623 L 178.202,151.517 L 178.328,151.399 L 178.443,151.271 L 178.546,151.133 L 178.637,150.988 L 178.716,150.834 L 178.781,150.675 L 178.832,150.511 L 178.869,150.343 L 178.891,150.172 L 178.898,150 L 176.898,150 Z' style='fill:#000000;fill-rule:evenodd;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;' />
<path d='M 178.898,168.455 L 178.891,168.283 L 178.869,168.112 L 178.832,167.944 L 178.781,167.779 L 178.716,167.62 L 178.637,167.467 L 178.546,167.321 L 178.443,167.184 L 178.328,167.056 L 178.202,166.938 L 178.067,166.831 L 177.923,166.737 L 177.771,166.655 L 177.614,166.587 L 177.45,166.532 L 177.283,166.492 L 177.113,166.466 L 176.941,166.455 L 176.769,166.459 L 176.598,166.477 L 176.429,166.51 L 176.264,166.558 L 176.103,166.619 L 175.948,166.695 L 175.801,166.783 L 175.661,166.883 L 175.53,166.995 L 175.41,167.118 L 175.301,167.251 L 175.203,167.393 L 175.118,167.543 L 175.046,167.699 L 174.988,167.861 L 174.944,168.028 L 174.915,168.197 L 174.9,168.369 L 174.9,168.541 L 174.915,168.712 L 174.944,168.882 L 174.988,169.048 L 175.046,169.21 L 175.118,169.366 L 175.203,169.516 L 175.301,169.658 L 175.41,169.791 L 175.53,169.914 L 175.661,170.026 L 175.801,170.126 L 175.948,170.215 L 176.103,170.29 L 176.264,170.351 L 176.429,170.399 L 176.598,170.432 L 176.769,170.45 L 176.941,170.454 L 177.113,170.443 L 177.283,170.417 L 177.45,170.377 L 177.614,170.322 L 177.771,170.254 L 177.923,170.172 L 178.067,170.078 L 178.202,169.971 L 178.328,169.853 L 178.443,169.725 L 178.546,169.588 L 178.637,169.442 L 178.716,169.289 L 178.781,169.13 L 178.832,168.965 L 178.869,168.797 L 178.891,168.626 L 178.898,168.455 L 176.898,168.455 Z' style='fill:#000000;fill-rule:evenodd;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;' />
<path d='M 178.898,131.545 L 178.891,131.374 L 178.869,131.203 L 178.832,131.035 L 178.781,130.87 L 178.716,130.711 L 178.637,130.558 L 178.546,130.412 L 178.443,130.275 L 178.328,130.147 L 178.202,130.029 L 178.067,129.922 L 177.923,129.828 L 177.771,129.746 L 177.614,129.678 L 177.45,129.623 L 177.283,129.583 L 177.113,129.557 L 176.941,129.546 L 176.769,129.55 L 176.598,129.568 L 176.429,129.601 L 176.264,129.649 L 176.103,129.71 L 175.948,129.785 L 175.801,129.874 L 175.661,129.974 L 175.53,130.086 L 175.41,130.209 L 175.301,130.342 L 175.203,130.484 L 175.118,130.634 L 175.046,130.79 L 174.988,130.952 L 174.944,131.118 L 174.915,131.288 L 174.9,131.459 L 174.9,131.631 L 174.915,131.803 L 174.944,131.972 L 174.988,132.139 L 175.046,132.301 L 175.118,132.457 L 175.203,132.607 L 175.301,132.749 L 175.41,132.882 L 175.53,133.005 L 175.661,133.117 L 175.801,133.217 L 175.948,133.305 L 176.103,133.381 L 176.264,133.442 L 176.429,133.49 L 176.598,133.523 L 176.769,133.541 L 176.941,133.545 L 177.113,133.534 L 177.283,133.508 L 177.45,133.468 L 177.614,133.413 L 177.771,133.345 L 177.923,133.263 L 178.067,133.169 L 178.202,133.062 L 178.328,132.944 L 178.443,132.816 L 178.546,132.679 L 178.637,132.533 L 178.716,132.38 L 178.781,132.221 L 178.832,132.056 L 178.869,131.888 L 178.891,131.717 L 178.898,131.545 L 176.898,131.545 Z' style='fill:#000000;fill-rule:evenodd;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;' />
<path d='M 178.898,150 L 178.891,149.828 L 178.869,149.657 L 178.832,149.489 L 178.781,149.325 L 178.716,149.166 L 178.637,149.012 L 178.546,148.867 L 178.443,148.729 L 178.328,148.601 L 178.202,148.483 L 178.067,148.377 L 177.923,148.282 L 177.771,148.201 L 177.614,148.132 L 177.45,148.078 L 177.283,148.037 L 177.113,148.012 L 176.941,148 L 176.769,148.004 L 176.598,148.023 L 176.429,148.056 L 176.264,148.103 L 176.103,148.165 L 175.948,148.24 L 175.801,148.328 L 175.661,148.429 L 175.53,148.541 L 175.41,148.664 L 175.301,148.797 L 175.203,148.939 L 175.118,149.088 L 175.046,149.245 L 174.988,149.407 L 174.944,149.573 L 174.915,149.743 L 174.9,149.914 L 174.9,150.086 L 174.915,150.257 L 174.944,150.427 L 174.988,150.593 L 175.046,150.755 L 175.118,150.912 L 175.203,151.061 L 175.301,151.203 L 175.41,151.336 L 175.53,151.459 L 175.661,151.571 L 175.801,151.672 L 175.948,151.76 L 176.103,151.835 L 176.264,151.897 L 176.429,151.944 L 176.598,151.977 L 176.769,151.996 L 176.941,152 L 177.113,151.988 L 177.283,151.963 L 177.45,151.922 L 177.614,151.868 L 177.771,151.799 L 177.923,151.718 L 178.067,151.623 L 178.202,151.517 L 178.328,151.399 L 178.443,151.271 L 178.546,151.133 L 178.637,150.988 L 178.716,150.834 L 178.781,150.675 L 178.832,150.511 L 178.869,150.343 L 178.891,150.172 L 178.898,150 L 176.898,150 Z' style='fill:#000000;fill-rule:evenodd;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;' />
</svg>
 data:image/svg+xml;base64,<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>
<svg version='1.1' baseProfile='full'
              xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'
                      xmlns:rdkit='http://www.rdkit.org/xml'
                      xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'
                  xml:space='preserve'
width='85px' height='85px' viewBox='0 0 85 85'>
<!-- END OF HEADER -->
<rect style='opacity:1.0;fill:#FFFFFF;stroke:none' width='85' height='85' x='0' y='0'> </rect>
<text x='35.0455' y='53.5909' class='atom-0' style='font-size:23px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#3B4143' >A</text>
<text x='51.0409' y='53.5909' class='atom-0' style='font-size:23px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#3B4143' >l</text>
<path d='M 60.3067,42 L 60.3024,41.9004 L 60.2896,41.8015 L 60.2683,41.704 L 60.2387,41.6088 L 60.201,41.5164 L 60.1555,41.4277 L 60.1026,41.3431 L 60.0426,41.2635 L 59.976,41.1893 L 59.9032,41.1211 L 59.8248,41.0594 L 59.7415,41.0046 L 59.6537,40.9572 L 59.5622,40.9176 L 59.4676,40.886 L 59.3707,40.8626 L 59.2721,40.8476 L 59.1725,40.8412 L 59.0728,40.8433 L 58.9737,40.854 L 58.8758,40.8732 L 58.7799,40.9008 L 58.6868,40.9364 L 58.5971,40.98 L 58.5114,41.0311 L 58.4305,41.0894 L 58.3549,41.1544 L 58.2851,41.2257 L 58.2217,41.3027 L 58.1652,41.3848 L 58.116,41.4716 L 58.0744,41.5622 L 58.0407,41.6561 L 58.0152,41.7525 L 57.9982,41.8508 L 57.9896,41.9501 L 57.9896,42.0499 L 57.9982,42.1492 L 58.0152,42.2475 L 58.0407,42.3439 L 58.0744,42.4378 L 58.116,42.5284 L 58.1652,42.6152 L 58.2217,42.6973 L 58.2851,42.7743 L 58.3549,42.8456 L 58.4305,42.9106 L 58.5114,42.9689 L 58.5971,43.02 L 58.6868,43.0636 L 58.7799,43.0992 L 58.8758,43.1268 L 58.9737,43.146 L 59.0728,43.1567 L 59.1725,43.1588 L 59.2721,43.1524 L 59.3707,43.1374 L 59.4676,43.114 L 59.5622,43.0824 L 59.6537,43.0428 L 59.7415,42.9954 L 59.8248,42.9406 L 59.9032,42.8789 L 59.976,42.8107 L 60.0426,42.7365 L 60.1026,42.6569 L 60.1555,42.5723 L 60.201,42.4836 L 60.2387,42.3912 L 60.2683,42.296 L 60.2896,42.1985 L 60.3024,42.0996 L 60.3067,42 L 59.1476,42 Z' style='fill:#000000;fill-rule:evenodd;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;' />
<path d='M 60.3067,46.6364 L 60.3024,46.5367 L 60.2896,46.4378 L 60.2683,46.3404 L 60.2387,46.2451 L 60.201,46.1528 L 60.1555,46.064 L 60.1026,45.9795 L 60.0426,45.8998 L 59.976,45.8256 L 59.9032,45.7574 L 59.8248,45.6957 L 59.7415,45.641 L 59.6537,45.5936 L 59.5622,45.554 L 59.4676,45.5223 L 59.3707,45.4989 L 59.2721,45.484 L 59.1725,45.4775 L 59.0728,45.4797 L 58.9737,45.4904 L 58.8758,45.5096 L 58.7799,45.5371 L 58.6868,45.5728 L 58.5971,45.6163 L 58.5114,45.6675 L 58.4305,45.7257 L 58.3549,45.7907 L 58.2851,45.862 L 58.2217,45.939 L 58.1652,46.0212 L 58.116,46.1079 L 58.0744,46.1986 L 58.0407,46.2924 L 58.0152,46.3889 L 57.9982,46.4871 L 57.9896,46.5865 L 57.9896,46.6862 L 57.9982,46.7856 L 58.0152,46.8839 L 58.0407,46.9803 L 58.0744,47.0742 L 58.116,47.1648 L 58.1652,47.2515 L 58.2217,47.3337 L 58.2851,47.4107 L 58.3549,47.482 L 58.4305,47.547 L 58.5114,47.6053 L 58.5971,47.6564 L 58.6868,47.6999 L 58.7799,47.7356 L 58.8758,47.7631 L 58.9737,47.7823 L 59.0728,47.793 L 59.1725,47.7952 L 59.2721,47.7888 L 59.3707,47.7738 L 59.4676,47.7504 L 59.5622,47.7188 L 59.6537,47.6791 L 59.7415,47.6317 L 59.8248,47.577 L 59.9032,47.5153 L 59.976,47.4471 L 60.0426,47.3729 L 60.1026,47.2932 L 60.1555,47.2087 L 60.201,47.1199 L 60.2387,47.0276 L 60.2683,46.9323 L 60.2896,46.8349 L 60.3024,46.736 L 60.3067,46.6364 L 59.1476,46.6364 Z' style='fill:#000000;fill-rule:evenodd;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;' />
<path d='M 60.3067,37.3636 L 60.3024,37.264 L 60.2896,37.1651 L 60.2683,37.0677 L 60.2387,36.9724 L 60.201,36.8801 L 60.1555,36.7913 L 60.1026,36.7068 L 60.0426,36.6271 L 59.976,36.5529 L 59.9032,36.4847 L 59.8248,36.423 L 59.7415,36.3683 L 59.6537,36.3209 L 59.5622,36.2812 L 59.4676,36.2496 L 59.3707,36.2262 L 59.2721,36.2112 L 59.1725,36.2048 L 59.0728,36.207 L 58.9737,36.2177 L 58.8758,36.2369 L 58.7799,36.2644 L 58.6868,36.3001 L 58.5971,36.3436 L 58.5114,36.3947 L 58.4305,36.453 L 58.3549,36.518 L 58.2851,36.5893 L 58.2217,36.6663 L 58.1652,36.7485 L 58.116,36.8352 L 58.0744,36.9258 L 58.0407,37.0197 L 58.0152,37.1161 L 57.9982,37.2144 L 57.9896,37.3138 L 57.9896,37.4135 L 57.9982,37.5129 L 58.0152,37.6111 L 58.0407,37.7076 L 58.0744,37.8014 L 58.116,37.8921 L 58.1652,37.9788 L 58.2217,38.061 L 58.2851,38.138 L 58.3549,38.2093 L 58.4305,38.2743 L 58.5114,38.3325 L 58.5971,38.3837 L 58.6868,38.4272 L 58.7799,38.4629 L 58.8758,38.4904 L 58.9737,38.5096 L 59.0728,38.5203 L 59.1725,38.5225 L 59.2721,38.516 L 59.3707,38.5011 L 59.4676,38.4777 L 59.5622,38.446 L 59.6537,38.4064 L 59.7415,38.359 L 59.8248,38.3043 L 59.9032,38.2426 L 59.976,38.1744 L 60.0426,38.1002 L 60.1026,38.0205 L 60.1555,37.936 L 60.201,37.8472 L 60.2387,37.7549 L 60.2683,37.6596 L 60.2896,37.5622 L 60.3024,37.4633 L 60.3067,37.3636 L 59.1476,37.3636 Z' style='fill:#000000;fill-rule:evenodd;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;' />
<path d='M 60.3067,42 L 60.3024,41.9004 L 60.2896,41.8015 L 60.2683,41.704 L 60.2387,41.6088 L 60.201,41.5164 L 60.1555,41.4277 L 60.1026,41.3431 L 60.0426,41.2635 L 59.976,41.1893 L 59.9032,41.1211 L 59.8248,41.0594 L 59.7415,41.0046 L 59.6537,40.9572 L 59.5622,40.9176 L 59.4676,40.886 L 59.3707,40.8626 L 59.2721,40.8476 L 59.1725,40.8412 L 59.0728,40.8433 L 58.9737,40.854 L 58.8758,40.8732 L 58.7799,40.9008 L 58.6868,40.9364 L 58.5971,40.98 L 58.5114,41.0311 L 58.4305,41.0894 L 58.3549,41.1544 L 58.2851,41.2257 L 58.2217,41.3027 L 58.1652,41.3848 L 58.116,41.4716 L 58.0744,41.5622 L 58.0407,41.6561 L 58.0152,41.7525 L 57.9982,41.8508 L 57.9896,41.9501 L 57.9896,42.0499 L 57.9982,42.1492 L 58.0152,42.2475 L 58.0407,42.3439 L 58.0744,42.4378 L 58.116,42.5284 L 58.1652,42.6152 L 58.2217,42.6973 L 58.2851,42.7743 L 58.3549,42.8456 L 58.4305,42.9106 L 58.5114,42.9689 L 58.5971,43.02 L 58.6868,43.0636 L 58.7799,43.0992 L 58.8758,43.1268 L 58.9737,43.146 L 59.0728,43.1567 L 59.1725,43.1588 L 59.2721,43.1524 L 59.3707,43.1374 L 59.4676,43.114 L 59.5622,43.0824 L 59.6537,43.0428 L 59.7415,42.9954 L 59.8248,42.9406 L 59.9032,42.8789 L 59.976,42.8107 L 60.0426,42.7365 L 60.1026,42.6569 L 60.1555,42.5723 L 60.201,42.4836 L 60.2387,42.3912 L 60.2683,42.296 L 60.2896,42.1985 L 60.3024,42.0996 L 60.3067,42 L 59.1476,42 Z' style='fill:#000000;fill-rule:evenodd;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;' />
</svg>
 [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001172 regenerating Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000171 quenching Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 23
- 210000003746 Feathers Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxide(2-) Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [O-2] AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011514 iron Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910010039 TiAl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 Polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 280000542077 Sprinkle companies 0.000 description 3
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004199 argon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reactions Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering processes Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particles Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylenes Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001885 silicon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solutions Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018571 Al—Zn—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 Dendrites Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910000737 Duralumin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019752 Mg2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017708 MgZn2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004940 Nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910007948 ZrB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layers Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomers Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation methods Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solutions Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001550 time effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissues Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
一种用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭及其生产工艺，属于铝合金及机械加工技术领域，通过配料→熔炼→永磁搅拌→测温→取样→调整成分及温度→倒炉→精炼(一次净化)→静置→在线加入Al-Ti-B丝→在线除气除渣(二次净化)→双级过滤→同水平热顶铸造→铸锭均匀化→铸锭的机械加工→铸锭检验→感应炉加热铸锭，完成汽车保险杠铝合金铸锭的加工。本发明加工出的铝合金铸锭具有良好的热变形性能，挤压时经在线淬火有较高的强度，制品的焊接性能，耐腐蚀性能良好，有一定的耐应力腐蚀性能，特别是具有较强的吸收冲击能力和抗击折叠的性能。
Description
用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭及其生产工艺
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种铝合金及其机械加工，其体涉及一种用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭及其生产工艺。
背景技术 [0002]目前，汽车行业快速发展，人们对汽车的性价比要求越来越高。汽车保险杠是一种表面积大、形状复杂的薄臂结构部件，它要求具有优异的高、低温冲击韧性、刚性、耐老化性、耐热性和耐寒性；而现有的汽车保险杠多采用聚氨酯弹性体和ABS等材料制备，这些材料成型工艺复杂、价格昂贵，使得汽车成本增加，加大了购买者的负担；聚丙烯材料以其低密度、易成型加工、可回收利用的优点，在汽车上的应用不断增大，但是聚丙烯材料韧性和抗冲击强度低，增大了司机及乘客的风险，而且成品表面的光泽度和平滑度较差。
[0003] 7NB46属于Al-Zn-Mg系超硬铝合金，由于其具有良好的热变形性能，挤压时经在线淬火有较高的强度，制品的焊接性能，耐腐蚀性能良好，有一定的耐应力腐蚀性能，特别是具有较强的吸收冲击能力和抗击折叠的性能，因而特别适合挤压成空心型材制成汽车的保险杠，如何加工出类似性能或更优性能的铝合金铸锭是我们所要解决的问题，但是加工此类型铝合金铸锭时，在生产过程中经常出现羽毛晶等缺陷。这些缺陷会在随后的生产中“遗传”给挤压材，降低了制品的力学性能。羽毛晶具有粗大平直的晶轴，力学性能有很强的各向导性，不仅破坏了工艺性能而且会大幅的降低力学性能。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明的目的是提供一种用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭及其生产工艺，该铝合金铸锭具有良好的热变形性能，挤压时经在线淬火有较高的强度，制品的焊接性能，耐腐蚀性能良好，有一定的耐应力腐蚀性能，特别是具有较强的吸收冲击能力和抗击折叠的性能。
[0005] 为了实现上述方案，本发明的技术解决方案为：一种用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭，其中非铝的合金元素为：Si所占的质量百分含量为O. 10%, Fe的质量百分含量为O. 16% -O. 17%,Mg的质量百分含量为I. 20%-I. 30%,Mn的质量百分含量为小于O. 04%,Cu的质量百分含量为O. 20% -O. 22%, Cr的质量百分含量为小于O. 04%, Zn的质量百分含量为6. 50% -6. 70%, Zr的质量百分含量为O. 15% -O. 16%, Ti的质量百分含量为O. 03% -O. 04%，非检测杂质单个质量百分含量为O. 05%，总和为O. 10%。
[0006] 一种用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭生产工艺，其包括以下步骤：
[0007] (I)先配料：合金的基体选用99. 85牌号的铝锭，Mg、Zn元素以纯金属的形式加入，考虑Cu、Cr、Ti、Zr元素熔点较高，且在合金中含量较低，故以中间合金的形式加入；
[0008] (2)之后采用25吨蓄热式燃气炉熔炼，熔炼温度不宜过高，为750±5°C ；
[0009] (3)在熔炼过程中，取样分析调整完化学成分和温度后即要抓紧倒炉，Si的质量百分含量控制在O. 10%，Fe的质量百分含量控制在O. 16% -O. 17%, Mg的质量百分含量控制在1.20% -1.30%, Mn的质量百分含量控制在< O. 04%, Cu的质量百分含量控制在O. 20% -O. 22 % , Cr的质量百分含量控制在< 0.04%，Zn的质量百分含量控制在
6. 50% -6. 70%,Zr的质量百分含量控制在O. 15% -O. 16%，非检测杂质单个质量百分含量控制在O. 05 %，总和控制在O. 10 %，尽量缩短熔体在炉内停留的时间，倒入静置炉时对炉内熔体边倒炉边用永磁搅拌器对炉内的熔体进行搅拌，倒炉时要保持熔体平稳流动，不得有冲击翻滚现象；
[0010] (4)倒入静置炉后在750°C以上的条件下，用氩气喷吹无钠精炼剂进行精炼，精炼剂用量I. 5kg/t，精炼时间为IOmin以上，扒净熔体表面的浮渣，向熔体表面均匀的撒上IOkg无钠覆盖剂；
[0011] (5)在线添加Al-Ti-B丝，添加量为800mm/min，最终使合金达到Ti的质量百分含 量为 O. 03% -O. 04%。
[0012] (6)为进一步提高熔体的纯洁度，用除气机进行第二次净化进一步除气除渣，采用30ppi和50ppi的双级过滤滤除熔体中的氧化夹杂物；
[0013] (7)待熔体撒上IOkg无钠覆盖剂后20min内，使用Φ 304mm热顶同水平铸造；
[0014] (8)铸锭在250°C时装炉，先不点火升温，开风机运行Ih后再点火升温，加热升温速度90°C /h，均质温度485±5°C，保温8h，然后放入冷却炉冷却，冷却速度要> 100°C /h,冷却到室温后出炉。
[0015] 本发明用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭生产工艺，其中所述步骤（2)中Zn锭分三批用加料铲分数的加入炉内，加入一批待Zn熔化后，用永磁搅拌器搅拌lOmin，正反转各搅拌5min,使炉内的化学成分和温度均匀。
[0016] 本发明用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭生产工艺，其中所述步骤（4)从倒炉到铸造，熔体在静置炉内停留时间不得超过lh。本发明用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭生产工艺，其中所述步骤（2)中Zn锭分三批用加料铲分数的加入炉内，加入一批待Zn熔化后，用永磁搅拌器搅拌IOmin,正反转各搅拌5min,使炉内的化学成分和温度均勻。
[0017] 采用上述方案后，本发明用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭及其生产工艺，通过控制非铝合金Zn的质量百分含量为6. 50% -6. 70%, Mg为I. 20% -I. 30%，在合金中，Zn、Mg共存时形成了一系列的新相α相（Mg5A18)、η相（MgZn2)、T相（A12Mg3Zn)，其中η相和在Al中有较高的溶解度和明显的温度关系，故该合金有强烈的时效硬化效应，通过控制Cu的质量百分含量在O. 20% -O. 22%，提高合金的耐应力腐蚀、抗拉强度和塑性，通过控制Zr的质量百分比为O. 15% -O. 16%，不仅能够显著地提高合金的焊接性能，还能急剧的提高合金的再结晶终了温度和耐应力腐蚀性能，通过控制Mn的质量百分含量小于O. 04%，Cr小于O. 04%故对合金的断裂性不会带来不良影响，将Fe的质量百分含量控制在O. 16% -O. 17%，其与合金中的Si元素形成FeAlSi化合物，使Mg2Si脆性相在晶界和枝晶界呈不连续状态存在，从而降低合金的热裂纹倾向，通过控制Si的质量百分含量在O. 10%，消除了合金中产生羽毛晶的内在原因，通过控制Ti的质量百分含量为O. 03% -O. 04%，消除了羽毛晶产生的外在条件，能细化合金的铸态晶粒，而且使合金的强度、韧性、耐磨性、抗疲劳性能及热稳定性均有所提高。
[0018] 本发明的有益效果是：通过工艺控制熔炼温度不超过760°C，加强熔体的搅拌，控制熔体在炉内停留时间不超过2h，增加Al-Ti-B丝的添加量，将Ti成分控制在
O. 03% -O. 04%，消除了羽毛晶产生的外在条件；在熔炼过程中通过永磁搅拌器搅拌，倒炉时边搅拌边倒炉，在静置炉中，加强搅拌缩短熔体在炉内停留的时间，有效防止Zn、Zr的比重偏析；熔体采取二次净化和双级过滤工艺措施对保证铸锭的内部纯洁度，有效提高制品的性能；热顶铸造可以提闻铸淀的内、外部质量，为制品组织和性能的提闻奠定了基础条件；在线淬火采用强风冷却，使冷却速度达到200°C /min以上对提高制品的固溶程度，保证制品力学性能是至关重要的；根据制品的使用特性要求，采用了双级时效是正确的，即保证了制品具有较高的强度，又保证了制品有足够的塑性。
[0019] 本发明的进一步有益效果是：在步骤（2)中Zn锭分三批用加料铲分数的加入炉内，加入一批待Zn熔化后，用永磁搅拌器搅拌lOmin，正反转各搅拌5min，使炉内的化学成分和温度均匀，更为有效防止Zn、Zr的比重偏析。
[0020] 本发明的进一步有益效果是：步骤（4)从倒炉到铸造，熔体在静置炉 内停留时间不得超过lh，这样操作进一步消除了羽毛晶产生的外在条件。
具体实施方式
[0021] 实施例I :本发明用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭，其非铝的合金元素为：Si的质量百分含量是O. 095 %，Fe的质量百分含量为O. 163 %，Mg的质量百分含量为I. 23 %，Mn的质量百分含量为O. 011%，Cu的质量百分含量为O. 219%,Cr的质量百分含量为O. 0023%,Zn的质量百分含量为6. 64%,Zr的质量百分含量为O. 156%,Ti的质量百分含量为O. 031%,非检测杂质单个质量百分含量为O. 03%，总和为O. 09%。
[0022] 加工该铝合金铸锭的生产工艺，包括如下步骤；
[0023] (I)配料：合金的基体选用99. 85牌号的铝锭。Mg、Zn元素以纯金属的形式加入，考虑Cu、Cr、Ti、Zr元素熔点较高，且在合金中含量较低，故以中间合金的形式加入。
[0024] (2)熔炼：采用25吨蓄热式燃气炉熔炼，考虑到该合金含Zn量较高，Zr的熔点较高，易产生Zn、Zr的比重偏析和羽毛晶，因而采取以下措施：为防止产生羽毛晶，熔炼温度不宜过高，为755°C ；
[0025] (3)为防止产生Zn、Zr比重偏析，将Zn锭分三批用加料铲分数加入炉内，加入一批待Zn熔化后，用永磁搅拌器搅拌lOmin，正反转各搅拌5min，使炉内的化学成分和温度均匀，取样分析调整完化学成分和温度后即要抓紧倒炉，Si的质量百分含量控制在O. 095%,Fe的质量百分含量控制在O. 163%,Mg的质量百分含量控制在I. 23%,Mn的质量百分含量控制在O. 011%，Cu的质量百分含量控制在O. 219%,Cr的质量百分含量控制在O. 0023%,Zn的质量百分含量控制在6. 64%,Zr的质量百分含量控制在O. 156%,Ti的质量百分含量控制在0.031%，非检测杂质单个质量百分含量控制在0.03%，总和控制在O. 09 %，尽量缩短熔体在炉内停留的时间,倒炉时对炉内熔体边倒炉边用永磁搅拌器对炉内的熔体进行搅拌；倒炉时要保持熔体平稳流动，不得有冲击翻滚现象；
[0026] (4)倒炉后在750°C以上的条件下，用氩气喷吹无钠精炼剂进行精炼，精炼剂用量
I. 5kg/t，精炼时间为IOmin以上；扒净熔体表面的浮渣，向熔体表面均匀的撒上IOkg无钠覆盖剂，静置20min后，即要抓紧铸造；从倒炉到铸造，熔体在静置炉内停留时间不得超过Ih,以免熔体中形成晶核的活化质点衰减，造成产生羽毛晶和Zn、Zr比重偏析的条件；由于该合金加入了 Zr，会对Al-Ti-B丝的细化效果造成不良影响。因为Zr会对起细化作用的ΤΪΒ2表面形成一层ZrB2或Zr的包复层，从而抑制了 TiB2细化晶粒的特性。此外Zr还会置换TiA13中的一些Ti形成（Til-XZrx) A13类型的三元固溶体。改变了其晶格常数和TiA13的形核特性，而且随着Zr含量的增加而使晶粒粗化，这是由于在形成的三元相中Zr的摩尔份额增加，而降低了 TiA13的细化效果。综上所述Zr的加入会形成羽毛晶的生成条件，为补偿因Zr加入而引起的Al-Ti-B丝中的TiB2，ΤΪΑ13粒子细化效果的降低，采取了增加添加Al-Ti-B丝量的办法，添加量为800mm/min最终使合金达到Ti的质量百分含量为O. 031%；
[0027] (5)为进一步提高熔体的纯洁度，在铸造过程中在线用除气机进行第二次净化进一步除气除渣，除气机转子转速350r/min氩气流量2m3/h，合金中含有氧化物会破坏其基体的连续性，进而影响合金的力学性能。为此在生产中要尽量降低熔体中的氧化夹杂物。一是在工艺上采取措施尽量减少生产过程中氧化夹杂物的生成。二是把生成的氧化夹杂物采取相应的工艺措施除去。在这里采用30ppi和50ppi的双级过滤就是为了滤除熔体中的氧化夹杂物，一般可滤除10μ以上的氧化夹杂物95%以上、5-10 μ的氧化夹杂物50%左右。
[0028] (6)由于热顶同水平铸造结晶器短，铸造速度快，冷却强度大，故可以提高铸锭 的表面和内部质量及性能。因而本次试生产使用Φ304mm热顶同水平铸造。但在铸造时铸造温度、铸造速度、冷却强度调配不当也会造成羽毛晶生成的条件。经认真分析研究，我们对铸造参数，按表I数值控制：
[0029]表 I
[0030]
[0031] (7)由于采用直接水冷热顶铸造冷却强度大，因而铸锭不可避免的会产生不平衡结晶和内应力。为消除化学成分组织上的不均匀性和内应力，改善铸锭的加工性能，使最终制品获得良好的力学性能，需对铸锭进行组织均匀化处理。均匀化制度如下：铸锭在250°C时装炉，先不点火升温，开风机运行Ih后再点火升温，加热升温速度90°C /h。均质温度485±50C，保温8h，然后放入冷却炉冷却，冷却速度要> 100°C /h,冷却到室温后出炉。
[0032] 实施例2本发明用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭，其非铝的合金元素为：Si的质量百分含量是O. 089%,Fe的质量百分含量为O. 168%,Mg的质量百分含量为I. 21%，Mn的质量百分含量为O. 011%，Cu的质量百分含量为O. 213%,Cr的质量百分含量为O. 0022%,Zn的质量百分含量为6. 69%,Zr的质量百分含量为O. 158%,Ti的质量百分含量为O. 036%,非检测杂质单个质量百分含量为O. 03%，总和为O. 09%。该实施例的铝合金铸锭生产工艺同实施例I，此处不再赘述。
[0033] 以上所述实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通工程技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进（包括类似材料焊接时，使用镍基合金作为过渡层），均应落入本发明的权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (4)
1. 一种用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭，其特征在于：其非铝的合金元素为=Si所占的质量百分含量为0. 10%，Fe的质量百分含量为0. 16% -0. 17%, Mg的质量百分含量为I. 20% I. 30%, Mn的质量百分含量为小于0. 04%, Cu的质量百分含量为0. 20% -0. 22%,Cr的质量百分含量为小于0. 04%,Zn的质量百分含量为6. 50% -6. 70%,Zr的质量百分含量为0. 15% -0. 16%, Ti的质量百分含量为0. 03% -0. 04%，非检测杂质单个质量百分含量为0. 05%，总和为0. 10%。
2. 一种用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭生产工艺，其特征在于：包括以下步骤： (1)先配料：合金的基体选用99. 85牌号的铝锭，Mg、Zn元素以纯金属的形式加入，考虑Cu、Cr、Ti、Zr元素熔点较高,且在合金中含量较低,故以中间合金的形式加入； (2)之后采用25吨蓄热式燃气炉熔炼，熔炼温度不宜过高，为750±5°C ； (3)在熔炼过程中，取样分析调整完化学成分和温度后即要抓紧倒炉，Si的质量百分含量控制在0. 10%, Fe的质量百分含量控制在0. 16% -0. 17%, Mg的质量百分含量控制在1.20% -1.30%, Mn的质量百分含量控制在< 0. 04%, Cu的质量百分含量控制在0. 20% -0. 22%, Cr的质量百分含量控制在< 0.04%，Zn的质量百分含量控制在.6. 50% -6. 70%,Zr的质量百分含量控制在0. 15% -0. 16%，非检测杂质单个质量百分含量控制在0. 05%，总和控制在0. 10%，尽量缩短熔体在炉内停留的时间，倒入静置炉时对炉内熔体边倒炉边用永磁搅拌器对炉内的熔体进行搅拌，倒炉时要保持熔体平稳流动，不得有冲击翻滚现象； (4)倒入静置炉后在750°C以上的条件下，用氩气喷吹无钠精炼剂进行精炼，精炼剂用量I. 5kg/t，精炼时间为IOmin以上，扒净熔体表面的浮渣，向熔体表面均匀的撒上IOkg无钠覆盖剂； (5)在线添加Al-Ti-B丝，添加量为800mm/min，最终使合金达到Ti的质量百分含量为.0. 03% -0. 04%。 (6)为进一步提高熔体的纯洁度，用除气机进行第二次净化进一步除气除渣，采用30ppi和50ppi的双级过滤滤除熔体中的氧化夹杂物； (7)待熔体撒上IOkg无钠覆盖剂后20min内，使用O 304mm热顶同水平铸造； (8)铸锭在250°C时装炉，先不点火升温，开风机运行Ih后再点火升温，加热升温速度900C /h,均质温度485±5°C，保温8h，然后放入冷却炉冷却，冷却速度要> 100°C /h,冷却到室温后出炉。
3.如权利要求2所述的用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭生产工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤（2)中Zn锭分三批用加料铲分数的加入炉内，加入一批待Zn熔化后，用永磁搅拌器搅拌IOmin,正反转各搅拌5min,使炉内的化学成分和温度均勻。
4.如权利要求2所述的用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭生产工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤（4)从倒炉到铸造，熔体在静置炉内停留时间不得超过lh。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012105327487A CN102965553A (zh) | 2012-12-11 | 2012-12-11 | 用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭及其生产工艺 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012105327487A CN102965553A (zh) | 2012-12-11 | 2012-12-11 | 用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭及其生产工艺 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102965553A true CN102965553A (zh) | 2013-03-13 |
Family
ID=47795988
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012105327487A Pending CN102965553A (zh) | 2012-12-11 | 2012-12-11 | 用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭及其生产工艺 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102965553A (zh) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103710594A (zh) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-09 | 芜湖万润机械有限责任公司 | 一种轿车保险杠用铝合金型材的制备方法 |
| CN104384462A (zh) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-03-04 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | 一种7a05铝合金的热顶铸造工艺及其铝合金 |
| CN104561704A (zh) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-04-29 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | 大尺寸7055铝合金圆铸锭生产工艺 |
| CN104593624A (zh) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-05-06 | 上海友升铝业有限公司 | 铝制汽车保险杠吸能盒的制备方法 |
| CN106086551A (zh) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-11-09 | 慈溪市宜美佳铝业有限公司 | 一种保险杠用高强度高韧性铝合金型材及其制备方法 |
| CN106191582A (zh) * | 2016-08-28 | 2016-12-07 | 广州华车科技有限公司 | 一种具有良好力学性能的铝合金及其制造方法 |
| CN108754196A (zh) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-11-06 | 新疆众和股份有限公司 | 一种键合用铝基合金母线的制备方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60194041A (en) * | 1984-03-14 | 1985-10-02 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Aluminum alloy for frame of motorcycle |
| WO2006007483A2 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-19 | Alcoa Inc. | Forged aluminum vehicle wheel and associated method of manufacture and alloy |
| CN1940106A (zh) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-04-04 | 爱信轻金属株式会社 | 高强度铝合金挤压材料及其制造方法 |
| WO2009024601A1 (en) * | 2007-08-23 | 2009-02-26 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | Method for casting a composite aluminium alloy ingot or billet |
| CN101914710A (zh) * | 2010-09-16 | 2010-12-15 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | 高速列车结构件用铝合金板材及其制造方法 |
-
2012
- 2012-12-11 CN CN2012105327487A patent/CN102965553A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60194041A (en) * | 1984-03-14 | 1985-10-02 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Aluminum alloy for frame of motorcycle |
| WO2006007483A2 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-19 | Alcoa Inc. | Forged aluminum vehicle wheel and associated method of manufacture and alloy |
| CN1940106A (zh) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-04-04 | 爱信轻金属株式会社 | 高强度铝合金挤压材料及其制造方法 |
| WO2009024601A1 (en) * | 2007-08-23 | 2009-02-26 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | Method for casting a composite aluminium alloy ingot or billet |
| CN101914710A (zh) * | 2010-09-16 | 2010-12-15 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | 高速列车结构件用铝合金板材及其制造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 赵世庆等: "《铝合金熔炼与铸造技术》", 30 April 2009, 冶金工业出版社 * |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103710594A (zh) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-09 | 芜湖万润机械有限责任公司 | 一种轿车保险杠用铝合金型材的制备方法 |
| CN104384462A (zh) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-03-04 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | 一种7a05铝合金的热顶铸造工艺及其铝合金 |
| CN104384462B (zh) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-07-20 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | 一种7a05铝合金的热顶铸造工艺及其铝合金 |
| CN104593624A (zh) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-05-06 | 上海友升铝业有限公司 | 铝制汽车保险杠吸能盒的制备方法 |
| CN104561704A (zh) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-04-29 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | 大尺寸7055铝合金圆铸锭生产工艺 |
| CN106086551A (zh) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-11-09 | 慈溪市宜美佳铝业有限公司 | 一种保险杠用高强度高韧性铝合金型材及其制备方法 |
| CN106086551B (zh) * | 2016-07-25 | 2018-09-25 | 慈溪市宜美佳铝业有限公司 | 一种保险杠用高强度高韧性铝合金型材及其制备方法 |
| CN106191582A (zh) * | 2016-08-28 | 2016-12-07 | 广州华车科技有限公司 | 一种具有良好力学性能的铝合金及其制造方法 |
| CN108754196A (zh) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-11-06 | 新疆众和股份有限公司 | 一种键合用铝基合金母线的制备方法 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102978488B (zh) | 用于汽车保险杠的铝合金型材生产工艺 | |
| CN102943193B (zh) | 硬质铝合金铸锭的精粒细化加工工艺 | |
| CN102796925B (zh) | 一种压力铸造用的高强韧压铸铝合金 | |
| CN102965553A (zh) | 用于汽车保险杠的铝合金铸锭及其生产工艺 | |
| CN106350716B (zh) | 一种高强度外观件铝合金材料及其制备方法 | |
| CN103103370A (zh) | 用于刹车片铝合金型材生产工艺 | |
| CN103882271B (zh) | 一种高强度高延伸率Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金材料及其制备方法 | |
| CN104959393A (zh) | 一种高质量航空叶片用铝合金热挤压棒材的制造方法 | |
| CN102865354B (zh) | 一种汽车减速箱壳体及其制备工艺 | |
| CN102168213A (zh) | 一种高成形性、高强度铝合金材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
| CN104032195B (zh) | 一种可高效挤压低成本高性能导热镁合金及其制备方法 | |
| CN104789824A (zh) | 一种高流动性、可氧化压铸稀土铝合金 | |
| CN102816959A (zh) | 一种超大规格铝合金圆棒及其铸造方法 | |
| WO2009096622A1 (en) | Magnesium alloy panel having high strength and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN104611617B (zh) | 一种液态模锻Al-Cu-Zn铝合金及其制备方法 | |
| CN103290278A (zh) | 一种汽车车身用高吸能性铝合金 | |
| CN102965554B (zh) | 硬质铝合金铸锭 | |
| CN107604219A (zh) | 一种高强铝合金车体部件的配方及其生产工艺 | |
| CN105112742A (zh) | 一种Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ti-Sc铸锻合金及其制备方法 | |
| CN107739921A (zh) | 一种汽车用高强度铝型材及其生产工艺 | |
| CN107587012A (zh) | 一种轻质铸造Al‑Si‑Li合金材料及其制备方法 | |
| CN106480344B (zh) | 一种真空泵转子用含稀土铝合金及其制备方法 | |
| CN108265213A (zh) | 一种高强阻燃变形镁合金及其制备方法 | |
| JP4994734B2 (ja) | 鋳造用アルミニウム合金および同アルミニウム合金鋳物 | |
| CN103255323A (zh) | 一种Al-Mg-Zn-Cu合金及其制备方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C06 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20130313 |
|
| C05 | Deemed withdrawal (patent law before 1993) |