CN102961954B - 一种水泥窑炉烟气NOx减排装置 - Google Patents
一种水泥窑炉烟气NOx减排装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102961954B CN102961954B CN201210435730.5A CN201210435730A CN102961954B CN 102961954 B CN102961954 B CN 102961954B CN 201210435730 A CN201210435730 A CN 201210435730A CN 102961954 B CN102961954 B CN 102961954B
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- Prior art keywords
- decomposition chamber
- emission reduction
- flue gas
- cement kiln
- nox emission
- Prior art date
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- 230000001603 reducing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003638 reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical group data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000003800 Pharynx Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NHYCGSASNAIGLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine monoxide Inorganic materials 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Cl[O] NHYCGSASNAIGLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 11
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水泥窑炉烟气NOx减排装置，包括依次连通的分解炉、预热器、一级除尘器、脱硝反应器及二级除尘器，所述一级除尘器上设有通入氧化剂的氧化剂加入装置，在脱硝反应器上设有通入还原剂的还原剂供给装置，所述分解炉由从下到上依次连通的第一分解室、第二分解室、第三分解室和第四分解室组成，所述第一分解室的烟气入口与回转窑的烟气出口连通，所述第四分解室的烟气出口与预热器的烟气入口连通，所述第一分解室上设有第一加料口和三次风加入口，第二分解室上设有第二加料口和三次风加入口，第三分解室上设有第三加料口和三次风加入口。降低NOx的排放量使之达到环保要求，降低设备投资成本和运行费用，减少二次污染物的排放。
Description
一种水泥宮炉烟气NOx减排装置
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及工业环保设备，特别是一种水泥窑炉烟气NOx减排装置。
背景技术
[0002] 目前，应用于水泥窑炉脱除NOx的控制技术主要有选择性催化还原法(SCR)和选择性非催化还原法(SNCR)。选择性催化还原法(SCR)烟气脱硝技术通常以液氨、氨水作为还原剂，当采用尿素时，应通过水解或热解使之分解生成氨气，在中温区域(300°C〜420 0C )，通过催化剂的作用，有选择性地与烟气中的NOx反应并生成无毒无污染的N2和H2O。SCR技术脱硝效率高，但其设备投资和运行费用较高。选择性非催化还原脱硝技术(SNCR)是把还原剂(氨水、尿素、氨)在850°C〜1050°C区域内喷入，不需要催化剂，还原剂会选择性地把NOx还原成N2和H2O,脱硝效率30%〜70%，总投资较低，经济性较好。
[0003] 上述SCR技术在运行过程由于烟气中含有灰尘，催化剂易发生堵塞及其后续选择性还原NOx的效率会大大降低，因此用于清洁催化剂的压缩空气等附加能耗较高，而且烟气中含有对脱硝催化活性的有机物，及会对环境造成二次污染的恶臭类物质，影响催化剂的活性，虽然其脱硝效率较高，但其使用的钒、钛、钨等金属催化剂，耗量较大，运行和投资成本较高；SNCR技术必须在950〜1050°C的范围内进行，当温度低于800°C其脱硝反应较慢，高于1300°C时NH3易发生氧化反应生成NO，由于分解炉内粉尘浓度比较高，生料的成分复杂，炉内流场波动大，其脱硝效率一般只有30%〜60%，且在运行过程中会发生氨逃逸的问题。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明所要解决的问题就是提供一种水泥窑炉烟气NOx减排装置，既能够降低NOx的排放量使之达到环保要求，又降低了设备投资成本和运行费用，减少了二次污染物的排放。
[0005] 为了达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案:一种水泥窑炉烟气NOx减排装置，包括依次连通的分解炉、预热器、一级除尘器、脱硝反应器及二级除尘器，所述一级除尘器上设有通入氧化剂的氧化剂加入装置，在脱硝反应器上设有通入还原剂的还原剂供给装置，所述分解炉由从下到上依次连通的第一分解室、第二分解室、第三分解室和第四分解室组成，所述第一分解室的烟气入口与回转窑的烟气出口连通，所述第四分解室的烟气出口与预热器的烟气入口连通，所述第一分解室上设有第一加料口和三次风加入口，第二分解室上设有第二加料口和三次风加入口，第三分解室上设有第三加料口和三次风加入口。
[0006] 进一步的，所述第一分解室通过第一加料口加入生料，所述第二分解室通过第二加料口加入生料-尿素混合物，所述第三分解室通过第三加料口加入氨水。
[0007] 进一步的，所述脱硝反应器中通入的还原剂为氨气。
[0008] 进一步的，所述第二分解室中加入的生料-尿素混合物中的含氨量占加入到减排装置中总的氨量的10%〜30%，所述第三分解室中加入的氨水中含氨量占加入到减排装置中总的氨量的20%〜50%，所述脱硝反应器中通入的氨气量占加入到减排装置中总的氨量的 20% 〜70%ο
[0009] 进一步的，所述氧化剂为CaClO2或Ca (ClO) 2或两者的混合物，加量为I〜10g/m3。
[0010] 进一步的，所述一级除尘器将烟气除尘后控制烟气中的粉尘浓度为20_30g/Nm3。
[0011] 进一步的，所述第一分解室与第二分解室的连接处、第二分解室与第三分解室的连接处以及第三分解室与第四分解室的连接处分别设有缩径的喉部。
[0012] 进一步的，所述回转窑的烟气出口处设有与第一分解室的下部连通的尾部直段，所述尾部直段与第一分解室的连接处设有缩径的喉部。
[0013] 进一步的，所述二级除尘器的烟气出口上接有利用烟气余热的余热利用设备。
[0014] 进一步的，所述余热利用设备的烟气出口上接有高温风机。
[0015] 采用上述技术方案后，本发明具有如下优点:根据分解炉内温度分布，在通三次风的同时，生料中伴有一定量尿素一起喷入，发生脱硝反应，降低了 NOx的排放，充分利用了分解炉内的温度场分布；采用SNCR技术对烟气进行选择性非催化还原，减少了 NOx的排放，可在技术上减少SCR技术应用过程中反应器体积和催化剂的用量，从而在保证NOx排放总量减少的同时降低系统的投资费用和提高脱硝效率；在预热器出口处喷加氧化性物质(CaClO2或Ca(ClO)2或两者的混合物)，氧化脱除烟气中会影响脱硝催化剂活性的有机物及会对环境造成二次污染的恶臭类物质，减少对SCR过程中催化剂活性的影响；烟气经一级除尘后再进入脱硝反应器中，避免了催化剂发生堵塞及其后续选择性还原NOx的效率会大大降低，减少了用于清洁催化剂的压缩空气等附加能耗；利用余热利用设备、高温风机等进行余热回收利用，经二级除尘后排放，达到排放标准。
附图说明
[0016] 下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明:
[0017] 图1为本发明一种实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0018] 如图1所示为本发明一种实施例，一种水泥窑炉烟气NOx减排装置，包括依次连通的分解炉2、预热器3、一级除尘器4、脱硝反应器5及二级除尘器6，所述一级除尘器上设有通入氧化剂的氧化剂加入装置41，在脱硝反应器上设有通入还原剂的还原剂供给装置51，所述分解炉由从下到上依次连通的第一分解室21、第二分解室22、第三分解室23和第四分解室24组成，所述第一分解室的烟气入口与回转窑I的烟气出口连通，所述第四分解室的烟气出口与预热器的烟气入口连通，所述第一分解室上设有第一加料口 211和三次风加入口 212，第二分解室上设有第二加料口 221和三次风加入口 222，第三分解室上设有第三加料口 231和三次风加入口 232。在本实施例中，所述第一分解室通过第一加料口加入生料，所述第二分解室通过第二加料口加入生料-尿素混合物，所述第三分解室通过第三加料口加入氨水。所述脱硝反应器中通入的还原剂为氨气。
[0019] 所述第二分解室中加入的生料-尿素混合物中的含氨量占加入到减排装置中总的氨量的10%〜30%，所述第三分解室中加入的氨水中含氨量占加入到减排装置中总的氨量的20%〜50%，所述脱硝反应器中通入的氨气量占加入到减排装置中总的氨量的20%〜70%。所述氧化剂为CaC102或Ca (CIO) 2或两者的混合物，加量为I〜10g/m3。所述一级除尘器将烟气除尘后控制烟气中的粉尘浓度为20-30g/Nm3。
[0020] 上述实施例中，所述第一分解室与第二分解室的连接处、第二分解室与第三分解室的连接处以及第三分解室与第四分解室的连接处分别设有缩径的喉部20 ;所述回转窑的烟气出口处设有与第一分解室的下部连通的尾部直段11，所述尾部直段与第一分解室的连接处设有缩径的喉部；所述二级除尘器的烟气出口上接有利用烟气余热的余热利用设备7，进一步改进，所述余热利用设备的烟气出口上接有高温风机8。
[0021] 本发明装置把分解炉设计成喷腾床结构，根据炉内温度分布在生料中伴有尿素颗粒加入，发生脱硝反应降低了 NOx的排放，喷入氨水进行选择性非催化还原反应降低了 NOx的排放量，并对预热器出口处喷加氧化性物质(CaClO2或Ca(ClO)2或两者的混合物)，氧化脱除烟气中会影响脱硝催化活性的有机物及会对环境造成二次污染的恶臭类物质，烟气经一级除尘器除尘后进入脱硝反应器，脱硝后烟气经二级除尘，然后经余热利用回收后通过高温风机排入大气。本发明装置脱硝效率高，降低NOx的排放量并使之达到环保要求，减少了二次污染的排放，减小了脱硝反应器体积和催化剂用量，降低了设备投资成本和运行费用，在水泥制造行业中控制NOx的排放有广阔的市场和应用价值。
Claims (9)
1.一种水泥窑炉烟气NOx减排装置，包括依次连通的分解炉(2)、预热器(3)、一级除尘器(4)、脱硝反应器(5)及二级除尘器(6)，所述一级除尘器上设有通入氧化剂的氧化剂加入装置(41 )，在脱硝反应器上设有通入还原剂的还原剂供给装置(51 )，所述分解炉由从下到上依次连通的第一分解室(21)、第二分解室(22 )、第三分解室(23 )和第四分解室(24)组成，所述第一分解室的烟气入口与回转窑(I)的烟气出口连通，所述第四分解室的烟气出口与预热器的烟气入口连通，所述第一分解室上设有第一加料口(211)和三次风加入口(212)，第二分解室上设有第二加料口(221)和三次风加入口(222)，第三分解室上设有第三加料口(231)和三次风加入口(232)，其特征在于:所述第一分解室通过第一加料口加入生料，所述第二分解室通过第二加料口加入生料-尿素混合物，所述第三分解室通过第三加料口加入氨水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水泥窑炉烟气NOx减排装置，其特征在于:所述脱硝反应器中通入的还原剂为氨气。
3.根据权利要求2所述的水泥窑炉烟气NOx减排装置，其特征在于:所述第二分解室中加入的生料-尿素混合物中的含氨量占加入到减排装置中总的氨量的10%〜30%，所述第三分解室中加入的氨水中含氨量占加入到减排装置中总的氨量的20%〜50%，所述脱硝反应器中通入的氨气量占加入到减排装置中总的氨量的20%〜70%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的水泥窑炉烟气NOx减排装置，其特征在于:所述氧化剂为CaClO2或Ca(ClO)2或两者的混合物，加量为I〜10g/m3。
5.根据权利要求1所述的水泥窑炉烟气NOx减排装置，其特征在于:所述一级除尘器将烟气除尘后控制烟气中的粉尘浓度为20-30g/Nm3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的水泥窑炉烟气NOx减排装置，其特征在于:所述第一分解室与第二分解室的连接处、第二分解室与第三分解室的连接处以及第三分解室与第四分解室的连接处分别设有缩径的喉部(20)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的水泥窑炉烟气NOx减排装置，其特征在于:所述回转窑的烟气出口处设有与第一分解室的下部连通的尾部直段(11)，所述尾部直段与第一分解室的连接处设有缩径的喉部。
8.根据权利要求1所述的水泥窑炉烟气NOx减排装置，其特征在于:所述二级除尘器的烟气出口上接有利用烟气余热的余热利用设备(J)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的水泥窑炉烟气NOx减排装置，其特征在于:所述余热利用设备的烟气出口上接有高温风机(8)。
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