CN102953711B - Device and method for horizontal gas well to drain liquid and produce gas - Google Patents
Device and method for horizontal gas well to drain liquid and produce gas Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 83
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于水平气井排液采气的装置及方法，本发明的装置，主要由排液细管、上部油管、地面注气管、套管、截流装置、特殊接头、下部油管、封隔器、地面控制器、电缆、导线、气举阀、电泵机组、井下液位计组成，所述封隔器将垂直段与水平段的油套环空隔开；所述截流装置由外筒和节流部件构成；所述排液细管下部设置气举阀，连同地面注气管构成气举排液通道；所述电泵机组通过电缆与地面控制器连接；本发明的方法包括截获回流液体并提高气体流速；所述井下液位计实时记录液位数据并将数据传至地面控制器；地面控制器可根据液位高度智能控制电泵机组工况，或者通过地面注气管向油套环空注气。本发明充分利用了地层气的携液能量。
The invention relates to a device and method for liquid drainage and gas recovery in a horizontal gas well. The device of the invention mainly consists of a thin liquid drainage pipe, an upper oil pipe, a ground gas injection pipe, a casing, a flow intercepting device, a special joint, a lower oil pipe, a seal The packer is composed of packer, surface controller, cable, wire, gas lift valve, electric pump unit, and downhole liquid level gauge. The packer separates the oil casing annulus of the vertical section from the horizontal section; The gas lift valve is arranged at the lower part of the liquid discharge thin tube, together with the ground gas injection pipe to form a gas lift discharge channel; the electric pump unit is connected to the ground controller through a cable; the method of the present invention includes intercepting the return flow liquid and increase the gas flow rate; the downhole liquid level gauge records liquid level data in real time and transmits the data to the ground controller; Annular air injection. The invention makes full use of the liquid-carrying energy of formation gas.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种用于水平气井排液采气的装置及方法，属于石油天然气开采领域。The invention relates to a device and method for liquid drainage and gas recovery of horizontal gas wells, belonging to the field of petroleum and natural gas exploitation.
背景技术Background technique
气藏水平井技术能够增大井眼与气藏的接触面积，提高气藏动用程度，在我国气藏开发中日益普及。而水平井开采进入中后期时，面临地层能量下降，井底存在积液的问题，造成气井减产甚至“水淹”停产，如何实施排液采气成为了保证水平气井稳产的关键。Horizontal well technology for gas reservoirs can increase the contact area between the wellbore and the gas reservoir, and improve the production degree of the gas reservoir, so it is becoming more and more popular in the development of gas reservoirs in my country. However, when the horizontal well mining enters the middle and late stages, the energy of the formation will decline, and there will be fluid accumulation at the bottom of the well, which will cause the gas well to reduce production or even stop production due to "water flooding". How to implement liquid drainage and gas recovery has become the key to ensuring stable production of horizontal gas wells.
目前常规的排液采气工艺都存在一个共同问题，即排液前液体已经回流井底形成聚集，举升这部分液体需要克服整个井段的重力压降。而在气井真实的积液过程中，液体并不是一开始就聚集在井底，而是在地层气能量的作用下先被举升至一定高度，但又不足以到达井口，随后发生回流，因此液体在回流井底之前是具有一部分重力势能的；而此时液体尚未对地层形成回压，地层气能够充分流入井底，并携带液体上升。但是目前的排液采气工艺在排液前任由液体回流井底形成积液，不仅损失掉举升上来的液体原本具有的重力势能，还因为地层回压的增加降低了产气量，损失了地层气的携液能量。At present, there is a common problem in the conventional liquid drainage and gas recovery technology, that is, the liquid has flowed back to the bottom of the well to form accumulation before the liquid drainage, and the lifting of this part of the liquid needs to overcome the gravity pressure drop of the entire well section. However, in the real liquid accumulation process of a gas well, the liquid does not accumulate at the bottom of the well at the beginning, but is first lifted to a certain height by the energy of the formation gas, but it is not enough to reach the wellhead, and then backflow occurs. Before the liquid returns to the bottom of the well, it has a part of gravitational potential energy; at this time, the liquid has not formed back pressure on the formation, and the formation gas can fully flow into the bottom of the well and carry the liquid up. However, the current liquid drainage and gas recovery process allows the liquid to flow back to the bottom of the well to form fluid accumulation before the liquid is drained, which not only loses the original gravitational potential energy of the lifted liquid, but also reduces the gas production due to the increase in formation back pressure, and loses the formation The liquid-carrying energy of gas.
由此提出一种新的思路：在气井适当位置设置截流装置截获回流液体，并将其存于带封隔器的油套环空中，避免其回落井底，保留这部分液体所蕴藏的重力势能，再利用电泵或气举排出环空液体，减少举升耗能；另一方面，通过截获回流液能确保井底一直处于不积液状态，将地层回压降到最低水平，让地层气充分产出，从而充分利用地层气的携液能量。该思路适用于水平气井(垂直气井也适合)，这是因为通过在水平井垂直段截获和封存回流液体，不仅减少举升耗能，还将水平井排液问题简化为直井排液问题处理，减小下泵深度或气举深度。Therefore, a new idea is put forward: set up intercepting device at the appropriate position of the gas well to intercept the return liquid, and store it in the oil casing annulus with packer to prevent it from falling back to the bottom of the well, and retain the gravitational potential energy contained in this part of the liquid , and then use the electric pump or gas lift to discharge the liquid in the annular space to reduce the energy consumption of lifting; Fully produced, so as to make full use of the liquid-carrying energy of formation gas. This idea is applicable to horizontal gas wells (vertical gas wells are also suitable), because the interception and storage of return liquid in the vertical section of horizontal wells not only reduces the lifting energy consumption, but also simplifies the liquid drainage problem of horizontal wells to the liquid drainage problem of vertical wells. Decrease lower pump depth or gas lift depth.
井下节流是一种新兴的排液采气辅助技术，其节流降压作用能增加气、液流速，提高气井携液能力，减少液体回落；而其窄断面特点又有利于截获回流液体。因此在截流装置的设计中考虑节流结构，既能确保新思路的顺利实施，还有助于辅助携液。Downhole throttling is an emerging auxiliary technology for liquid drainage and gas recovery. Its throttling and pressure reduction effect can increase the flow rate of gas and liquid, improve the liquid carrying capacity of gas wells, and reduce the fall of liquid; and its narrow cross-section is conducive to intercepting backflow liquid. Therefore, considering the throttling structure in the design of the intercepting device can not only ensure the smooth implementation of the new idea, but also help to assist liquid carrying.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术的不足，提供一种用于水平气井排液采气的装置及方法，该装置能够充分利用被举升液体的重力势能和地层气能量携带液体，并依靠井下节流辅助携液及截获回流液体，既减少举升耗能，又有效防止井底积液；同时将水平井排液问题简化为直井排液问题，减小下泵深度或气举深度。最终实现水平气井的排液采气。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a device and method for horizontal gas well drainage and gas recovery, which can make full use of the gravity potential energy of the lifted liquid and the formation gas energy to carry the liquid, and rely on Downhole throttling assists liquid carrying and intercepts return liquid, which not only reduces lifting energy consumption, but also effectively prevents liquid accumulation at the bottom of the well; at the same time, the horizontal well drainage problem is simplified to the vertical well drainage problem, reducing the pumping depth or gas lift depth. Finally, the liquid drainage and gas recovery of horizontal gas wells are realized.
本发明采用的技术方案是：The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
本发明一种用于水平气井排液采气的装置，主要由排液细管、上部油管、地面注气管、套管、截流装置、特殊接头、下部油管、封隔器、地面控制器、电缆、导线、气举阀、电泵机组、井下液位计组成。所述上部油管、截流装置、特殊接头、下部油管依次串接并与套管形成油套环空，油套环空上部与地面注气管相通；所述封隔器将垂直段与水平段的油套环空隔开；所述截流装置由外筒和节流部件构成；所述外筒与节流部件之间形成环空，环空下部通过单向阀与油套环空连通，只允许回流液体向油套环空流动；所述特殊接头由采气通孔、采液通孔组成，两通孔之间不连通，所述采气通孔上端与上部油管连接，采气通孔下端与下部油管连接，提供采气通道；所述采液通孔上部连接排液细管，下部悬挂电泵机组，提供泵抽排液通道；所述排液细管下部设置气举阀，连同地面注气管构成气举排液通道；所述电泵机组通过电缆与地面控制器连接；所述井下液位计位于封隔器上方，通过导线与地面控制器连接。The invention is a device for liquid drainage and gas production in horizontal gas wells, which mainly consists of thin liquid drainage pipes, upper oil pipes, ground gas injection pipes, casings, flow closure devices, special joints, lower oil pipes, packers, ground controllers, cables , lead wire, gas lift valve, electric pump unit, downhole liquid level gauge. The upper oil pipe, shut-off device, special joint, and lower oil pipe are connected in series in sequence and form an oil casing annulus with the casing, and the upper part of the oil casing annulus communicates with the ground gas injection pipe; The collar space is separated; the intercepting device is composed of an outer cylinder and a throttling part; an annular space is formed between the outer cylinder and the throttling part, and the lower part of the annular space communicates with the oil jacket annulus through a one-way valve, allowing only backflow The liquid flows to the annular space of the oil sleeve; the special joint is composed of a gas production through hole and a liquid production through hole, and the two through holes are not connected. The upper end of the gas production through hole is connected with the upper oil pipe, and the lower end of the gas production through hole is connected with the The lower part of the oil pipe is connected to provide a gas extraction channel; the upper part of the liquid extraction through hole is connected to a thin liquid discharge tube, and the electric pump unit is suspended at the lower part to provide a pumping liquid discharge channel; The gas pipe constitutes a gas lift drainage channel; the electric pump unit is connected to the ground controller through a cable; the downhole liquid level gauge is located above the packer and connected to the ground controller through a wire.
本发明一种用于水平气井排液采气的方法，包括以下步骤：1.当产层能量不足时，所述上部油管中的液体无法被带至井口高度而发生回流，所述截流装置中含有节流部件，截获回流液体并提高气体流速，既防止液体回流到井底的水平井眼又辅助携液；2.截获的液体被排向油套环空中，并在封隔器上方越积越多，所述井下液位计实时记录液位数据并将数据传至地面控制器；3.地面控制器可根据液位高度智能控制电泵机组工况，将封隔器上方液体沿特殊接头、排液细管泵抽出井口；或者通过地面注气管向油套环空注气，气体通过气举阀进入排液细管，并将液体举出井口；通过以上步骤实现水平气井的排液采气。The present invention is a method for liquid drainage and gas production in a horizontal gas well, comprising the following steps: 1. When the energy of the production layer is insufficient, the liquid in the upper oil pipe cannot be brought to the height of the wellhead and backflow occurs, and the intercepting device Contains throttling parts, which intercept the return liquid and increase the gas flow rate, which not only prevents the liquid from returning to the horizontal wellbore at the bottom of the well but also assists liquid carrying; 2. The intercepted liquid is discharged into the oil casing annulus and accumulates above the packer The more, the downhole liquid level gauge records the liquid level data in real time and transmits the data to the ground controller; 3. The ground controller can intelligently control the working conditions of the electric pump unit according to the liquid level height, and transfer the liquid above the packer along the special joint , liquid drainage thin tube pump to pump out the wellhead; or through the ground gas injection pipe to inject gas into the oil casing annulus, the gas enters the liquid drainage thin tube through the gas lift valve, and lifts the liquid out of the wellhead; through the above steps, the liquid drainage of horizontal gas wells can be realized gas.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：1.通过截获回流液，避免液体回落井底，保留液体所蕴藏的重力势能，减少举升耗能；2.确保井底一直处于不积液状态，将地层回压降到较低水平，让地层气充分产出，从而充分利用了地层气的携液能量；3.截流装置设计中考虑节流结构，既能截获回流液，又能提高气流速度，辅助携液；4.通过在水平井垂直段截获和封存回流液体，将水平井排液问题简化为直井排液问题，减小下泵深度或气举深度；5.具有较强的适应性，可根据气井所具备的条件灵活选择泵抽或气举方式排液。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. By intercepting the reflux liquid, the liquid is prevented from falling back to the bottom of the well, the gravitational potential energy contained in the liquid is retained, and the energy consumption for lifting is reduced; liquid state, lowering the back pressure of the formation to a lower level, allowing the formation gas to be fully produced, thus making full use of the liquid-carrying energy of the formation gas; Increase the airflow velocity and assist liquid carrying; 4. By intercepting and storing the return liquid in the vertical section of the horizontal well, the liquid drainage problem of the horizontal well is simplified to the liquid drainage problem of the vertical well, and the depth of the pump or the gas lift is reduced; 5. It has a strong According to the adaptability of the gas well, the pumping or gas lift method can be flexibly selected for liquid drainage.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一种用于水平气井排液采气的装置及方法的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the device and method for liquid drainage and gas recovery of horizontal gas wells of the present invention;
图2是本发明的截流装置结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the intercepting device of the present invention;
图3是本发明的特殊接头结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the special joint structure of the present invention.
图中：1.排液细管，2.上部油管，3.地面注气管，4.套管，5.截流装置，6.特殊接头，7.下部油管，8.封隔器，9.防磨扶正器，10.地面控制器，11.电缆，12.导线，13.气举阀，14.电泵机组，15.井下液位计，16.产层，17.水平井眼；18.外筒，19.节流部件，20.单向阀，21.采气通孔，22.采液通孔。In the figure: 1. Drain thin tube, 2. Upper tubing, 3. Surface gas injection pipe, 4. Casing, 5. Closure device, 6. Special joint, 7. Lower tubing, 8. Packer, 9. Anti-corrosion Mill centralizer, 10. Surface controller, 11. Cable, 12. Lead wire, 13. Gas lift valve, 14. Electric pump unit, 15. Downhole liquid level gauge, 16. Production layer, 17. Horizontal wellbore; 18. Outer cylinder, 19. throttling part, 20. one-way valve, 21. gas collection through hole, 22. liquid collection through hole.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
如图1、图2、图3所示，本发明一种用于水平气井排液采气的装置，主要由排液细管1、上部油管2、地面注气管3、套管4、截流装置5、特殊接头6、下部油管7、封隔器8、地面控制器10、电缆11、导线12、气举阀13、电泵机组14、井下液位计15组成。所述上部油管2、截流装置5、特殊接头6、下部油管7依次串接并与套管4形成油套环空，油套环空上部与地面注气管3相通；所述封隔器8将垂直段与水平段的油套环空隔开；所述截流装置5由外筒18和节流部件19构成，所述外筒18上端面与节流部件19下端面分别与油管连接；所述外筒18与节流部件19之间形成环空，环空下部通过单向阀20与油套环空连通，只允许回流液体向油套环空流动；所述特殊接头6由采气通孔21、采液通孔22组成，两通孔之间不连通，所述采气通孔21上端与上部油管2连接，采气通孔21下端与下部油管7连接，提供采气通道；所述采液通孔22上部连接排液细管1，下部悬挂电泵机组14，提供泵抽排液通道；所述排液细管1下部设置气举阀13，连同地面注气管3构成气举排液通道；所述电泵机组14通过电缆11与地面控制器10连接；所述井下液位计15位于封隔器8上方，通过导线12与地面控制器10连接。As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a device for liquid drainage and gas recovery of horizontal gas wells according to the present invention is mainly composed of a thin liquid drainage pipe 1, an upper oil pipe 2, a ground gas injection pipe 3, a casing pipe 4, and a shut-off device 5. Special joint 6, lower oil pipe 7, packer 8, surface controller 10, cable 11, wire 12, gas lift valve 13, electric pump unit 14, downhole liquid level gauge 15. The upper tubing 2, shut-off device 5, special joint 6, and lower tubing 7 are sequentially connected in series to form an oil-casing annulus with the casing 4, and the upper part of the oil-casing annulus communicates with the ground gas injection pipe 3; the packer 8 will The vertical section is separated from the oil jacket annulus of the horizontal section; the intercepting device 5 is composed of an outer cylinder 18 and a throttling member 19, and the upper end surface of the outer cylinder 18 and the lower end surface of the throttling member 19 are respectively connected to the oil pipe; An annular space is formed between the outer cylinder 18 and the throttling part 19, and the lower part of the annular space communicates with the annular space of the oil jacket through the check valve 20, and only the return liquid is allowed to flow to the annular space of the oil jacket; 21. Composed of liquid extraction through holes 22, the two through holes are not connected, the upper end of the gas extraction through hole 21 is connected to the upper oil pipe 2, and the lower end of the gas extraction through hole 21 is connected to the lower oil pipe 7 to provide a gas extraction channel; The upper part of the liquid collection through hole 22 is connected to the thin liquid discharge tube 1, and the electric pump unit 14 is suspended at the lower part to provide a pumping liquid discharge channel; The electric pump unit 14 is connected to the surface controller 10 through the cable 11 ; the downhole liquid level gauge 15 is located above the packer 8 and connected to the surface controller 10 through the wire 12 .
本发明一种用于水平气井排液采气的方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention is a kind of method that is used for horizontal gas well draining gas, comprises the following steps:
①.当产层16能量不足时，所述上部油管2中液体无法被带至井口高度而发生回流，所述截流装置5中含有节流部件19，利用节流部件19窄断面结构截获回流液体，使液体沿节流部件19和外筒18之间的环空回流，并通过底部单向阀20排向封隔器8上方油套环空，从而防止液体沿下部油管7回流到井底的水平井眼17，同时还利用节流部件19的节流降压作用提高气体流速，辅助携液；②.截获的液体在封隔器8上方越积越多，所述井下液位计15实时记录液位数据并通过导线12将数据传至地面控制器10；③.地面控制器10根据液位高度智能控制电泵机组14工况，将封隔器8上方液体沿特殊接头6、排液细管1泵抽出井口；或者通过地面注气管3向油套环空注气，气体通过气举阀13进入排液细管1，并将液体举出井口；通过以上步骤实现水平气井的排液采气。①. When the energy of the production layer 16 is insufficient, the liquid in the upper oil pipe 2 cannot be brought to the height of the wellhead and backflow occurs. The intercepting device 5 contains a throttling part 19, and the narrow section structure of the throttling part 19 is used to intercept the backflow liquid , so that the liquid flows back along the annulus between the throttling part 19 and the outer cylinder 18, and is discharged to the annulus of the oil casing above the packer 8 through the bottom check valve 20, thereby preventing the liquid from flowing back to the well bottom along the lower tubing 7 Horizontal wellbore 17, at the same time, the throttling and depressurization effect of throttling component 19 is also used to increase the gas flow rate and assist liquid carrying; ②. The intercepted liquid accumulates more and more above the packer 8, and the downhole liquid level gauge 15 real-time Record the liquid level data and transmit the data to the ground controller 10 through the wire 12; ③. The ground controller 10 intelligently controls the working condition of the electric pump unit 14 according to the liquid level height, and drains the liquid above the packer 8 along the special joint 6, Pump the thin tube 1 out of the wellhead; or inject gas into the oil casing annulus through the ground gas injection pipe 3, the gas enters the liquid discharge thin tube 1 through the gas lift valve 13, and lifts the liquid out of the wellhead; the liquid drainage of the horizontal gas well is realized through the above steps Gas extraction.
通过一种用于水平气井排液采气的装置及方法进行排液采气，避免液体回落井底，保留了液体的重力势能，保持井底一直处于不积液状态，将地层回压降到较低水平，充分利用了地层能量及天然气携液，既实现了节能降耗，又保证了地层气的充分产出，提高了气藏采收率。Through a device and method for liquid drainage and gas production in horizontal gas wells, liquid drainage and gas production are carried out to prevent liquid from falling back to the bottom of the well, retain the gravitational potential energy of the liquid, keep the bottom of the well in a state of no liquid accumulation, and reduce the back pressure of the formation to The lower level makes full use of formation energy and natural gas carrying liquid, which not only realizes energy saving and consumption reduction, but also ensures the full production of formation gas and improves the recovery rate of gas reservoirs.
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