CN102944937B - Sub-aperture polarization imaging system - Google Patents
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- CN102944937B CN102944937B CN201210491089.7A CN201210491089A CN102944937B CN 102944937 B CN102944937 B CN 102944937B CN 201210491089 A CN201210491089 A CN 201210491089A CN 102944937 B CN102944937 B CN 102944937B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sub-aperture polarization imaging system. The sub-aperture polarization imaging system comprises a telephoto objective, an optical filter, a field stop, a field lens, a collimation module, an aperture dividing module, a focusing imaging module and a charge coupled device (CCD) detector which are coaxially arranged in the incident light spreading direction. The sub-aperture polarization imaging system achieves sub-aperture polarization imaging by aid of an optical imaging system, removes spherical aberration and comatic aberration by aid of the correction field curvature of the focusing imaging module, and accordingly improves imaging quality and prevents the image surfaces from being overlapped. When the imaging environment is dark, three linear polaroids with different polarization angles (0 degree, 60 degrees and 120 degrees respectively) can be placed in a polarization array, and the remained aperture is used for non-polarization imaging. According to the sub-aperture polarization imaging system, the influence of imaging illumination is considered on the condition of not changing the system structure, and accordingly energy loss of light caused by the polaroids is made up.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of photoelectric detection, be specifically related to a kind of point aperture polarized imaging system.
Background technology
Existing polarization imaging method mainly contains three kinds, and a kind of is imaging technique based on timesharing, and before polaroid is fixed on imaging system by the method, manually/electronic rotation polaroid, to different linear polarization, obtains the image of different polarization states, another is the imaging technique based on wavefront beam splitting, and target beam light splitting is become multi beam by the method beam splitter, and adopts the mode of many polaroids and multidetector to Same Scene real time imagery, usually, and a kind of polarization state of each detector measurement scene, the third is application number a kind of real-time small polarization imaging device disclosed in 200910237178.7, this device comprises lens arra, polaroid array and a large area array CCD, lens arra comprises four arrangements lens at grade, polaroid array comprises the polaroid in four different polarization directions, and the size of described large area array CCD and lens arra, the size of polaroid array is coincide, enter the light of this device first through lens arra, then by being placed on four polaroids imaging simultaneously in the polaroid array after lens arra, described image is placed on the large area array CCD collection at polaroid array rear simultaneously, the image collected is sent into image processing system thus obtains complete polarization image.
Method based on timesharing is simple, but with lost time resolution for cost, cannot for the scene of change or the target imaging of movement, real-time is poor, there is the registration problems of many polarization images simultaneously.Method based on wavefront beam splitting solves multi-polarization state real time imagery problem, but owing to adopting multi-pass, multidetector structure, systems bulky, is not easy to debug, and involves great expense.The third polarization imaging device has larger technical progress compared with first two, but this device directly carries out imaging to 4 corresponding with it polarized lights owing to adopting 4 lens, because the optical axis of 4 lens is not on same straight line, image quality when receiving with same large area array CCD is very poor, and the situation of image planes overlap also occurs possibly.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of point aperture polarized imaging system, a point aperture polarization imaging can be realized by a set of optical system, and the phenomenon of image planes overlap does not occur, improve image quality simultaneously.
One of the present invention divides aperture polarized imaging system, comprises telephoto objective, optical filter, field stop, field lens, collimating module, aperture segmentation module, focal imaging module and the ccd detector coaxially placed successively along the incident ray direction of propagation, wherein:
Described aperture segmentation module comprises polaroid array and lenslet arrays, and described polaroid array is placed on collimating module rear, to place the polaroid that at least 3 have different polarization angle in 4 of 2 × 2 array distribution border circular areas in polaroid array;
Described lenslet arrays is placed on polaroid array rear, and 4 lens are wherein with 2 × 2 arranged in arrays, and the border circular areas described in aimed at respectively by each lens;
Described focal imaging module comprises the tenth lens, the 11 lens and the 12 lens that are arranged in order along optical axis direction, and wherein, the tenth lens are negative lens, the curvature of field be used in elimination system; 11 lens are positive lens, and the 12 lens are meniscus lens, and both are combined into a positive lens, for eliminating spherical aberration and the coma of system; Meanwhile, the combination of the tenth lens, the 11 lens and the 12 lens is imaged on four quadrants of ccd detector from the light beam of lenslet arrays outgoing the most at last respectively, and ensures that 4 images are separated from each other.
Have 4 polaroids in described polaroid array, its polarization angle is respectively 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° and 135 °.
Have 3 polaroids in described polaroid array, its polarization angle is respectively 0 °, 60 ° and 120 °.
Described field lens is spherical lens, and its front surface radius-of-curvature is 26.1963mm, and rear surface radius-of-curvature is-136.3237mm, and the distance of front surface and rear surface is 10mm;
Described collimating module comprises the 5th lens, the 6th lens and the 7th lens, and wherein the 5th lens are spherical lens, and its front surface radius-of-curvature is-17.5155mm, is 15.2058mm with field lens rear surface distance; Rear surface radius-of-curvature is 30.40390mm, and the distance of front surface and rear surface is 1.8mm;
6th lens are spherical lens, and its front surface radius-of-curvature is-258.4155mm, are 13.9979mm with the 5th lens rear surface distance; Rear surface radius-of-curvature is-32.5799mm, and the distance of front surface and rear surface is 10mm;
7th lens are cemented doublet, and its front surface radius-of-curvature is 140.61127mm, are 113.3579mm with the 6th lens rear surface distance; Its cemented surface radius-of-curvature is 40.0286mm, is 10mm with the distance of the 7th lens front surface; Rear surface radius-of-curvature is-84.7610mm, is 10mm with the distance of cemented surface;
Described polaroid array thickness is 2mm, and its front surface and the 7th lens rear surface distance are 9.7862mm;
The front surface of described lenslet arrays and polaroid array rear surface distance are 1mm;
Described focal imaging module comprises the tenth lens, the 11 lens and the 13 lens, and wherein the front surface of the tenth lens is plane, fits with lenslet arrays rear surface; Rear surface radius-of-curvature is 71.6046mm, and the distance of front surface and rear surface is 1.8mm;
The front surface radius-of-curvature of the 11 lens is 248.2664mm, is 83.9530mm with the tenth lens rear surface distance; Rear surface radius-of-curvature is-120.6947mm, and the distance of front surface and rear surface is 10mm;
12 lens are meniscus lens, and its front surface radius-of-curvature is 33.5885mm, and distance the 11 lens rear surface distance is 0.5mm; Rear surface radius-of-curvature is 43.3481mm, and the distance of front surface and rear surface is 9.8447mm;
The rear surface distance of image planes distance the 12 lens of ccd detector is 38.3174mm.
The catercorner length of described ccd detector is 16.59mm;
The semiaperture height of described field lens front surface is 9.0200mm, and the semiaperture height of rear surface is 8.5498mm;
The front surface semiaperture height of described 5th lens is 6.4169mm, and the semiaperture height of rear surface is 6.7050mm;
The semiaperture height of described 6th lens front surface is 10.7520mm, and the semiaperture height of rear surface is 12.2530mm;
The semiaperture height of described 7th lens front surface is 16.7667mm, and the semiaperture height of cemented surface is 16.4409mm, and the semiaperture height of rear surface is 16.5120mm;
The front surface semiaperture height of described polaroid array is 15.3605mm, and the semiaperture height of rear surface is 15.2224mm;
The semiaperture height of described lenslet arrays is 6.1594mm;
The front surface semiaperture height of described tenth lens is 14.9046mm, and the semiaperture height of rear surface is 14.7349mm;
The front surface semiaperture height of described 11 lens is 21.1277mm, and the semiaperture height of rear surface is 21.2072mm;
The front surface semiaperture height of described 12 lens is 20.1894mm, and the semiaperture height of rear surface is 17.8470mm.
An one of the present invention point aperture polarized imaging system has following beneficial effect:
1, the present invention realizes a point aperture polarization imaging by a set of optical imaging system, adopts focal imaging module to correct the curvature of field and eliminates spherical aberration and coma, thus improve the image quality of system, make the phenomenon that image planes do not overlap.
2, when imaging circumstances is darker, can will place the different linear polarizer of three polarization angles (0 °, 60 °, 120 °) in polaroid array, a remaining aperture carries out non-ly being biased into picture.When not changing system architecture, take into account the impact of imaging illumination, thus compensate for the loss of the energy that light is brought by polaroid.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is imaging system structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the polaroid array schematic diagram in one embodiment of the present of invention;
Fig. 3 is the polaroid array schematic diagram in an alternative embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is lenslet arrays schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is imaging system MTF curve map of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the result of imaging system of the present invention after TOLERANCE ANALYSIS.
Wherein, 1-telephoto objective, 2-optical filter, 3-field stop, 4-field lens, 5-the 5th lens, 6-the 6th lens, 7-the 7th lens, 8-polaroid array, 9-lenslet arrays, 10-the tenth lens, 11-the 11 lens, 12-the 12 lens, 13-CCD detector 13.
Embodiment
To develop simultaneously embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of point aperture polarized imaging system, in order to make up in prior art by 4 lens directly to the problem of the image quality difference that polarization light imaging brings, consider to adopt a negative lens and a positive lens to solve this problem in systems in which, then negative lens is used for eliminating the intrasystem curvature of field, positive lens eliminates spherical aberration and coma, in order to eliminate spherical aberration and coma better, consider to adopt multiple lens combination to synthesize the scheme of a positive lens, but consider light penetration, processing cost and processing complexity, determine that the combination of employing positive lens and a meniscus lens is to realize above-mentioned purpose.
Again because the direct projection imaging of a lens of 4 in lenslet arrays 9 can cause image overlap problem, therefore, can according to the size of the optical parametric of 4 lens and ccd detector 13, design the parameter of 3 lens in focal imaging module, to reflect the carrying out of the light from lenslet arrays 9 outgoing, realize 4 images to carry out converging or dispersing, 4 images are imaged on four quadrants of ccd detector 13 by final realization respectively, and ensure that 4 images are separated from each other, do not overlap.
To achieve these goals, as shown in Figure 1, the coaxial telephoto objective 1 placed successively is also provided with in polaroid array 8 front end, optical filter 2, field stop 3, field lens 4 and collimating module, wherein, the structure of imaging lens is the mechanical compensation Zoom structure of four constituent elements, zooming range 18 ~ 200mm, cover each burnt section of long, medium and short, zooming procedure image planes position is constant, at image space focal plane place.Optical filter 2 pairs of imaging band are selected, and by the light filtering by its all band, thus improve image quality.Field stop 3 remains unchanged in zooming procedure medium caliber, is used for being constrained to picture field range.Its position of field lens 4 is near field stop 3, i.e. image planes place, its effect is that reduction light beam is high in the projection of follow-up collimating module, thus reduces clear aperture.The curvature of field introduced by field lens 4, do not produce other aberration, and this is its advantage in imaging.5th lens 5, the 6th lens 6 and the 7th lens 7 together form collimating module, and object is the directional light in order to produce each visual field, and each visual field chief ray intersects at emergent pupil place, is equivalent to the effect of eyepiece.5th lens 5 and the 7th lens 7 form positive and negative away from lens, be beneficial to the curvature of field that disappears.7th lens 7 are cemented doublet group, can achromatism, again because near emergent pupil, and can aplanasia and coma.
Polaroid array 8 pairs of light waves carry out Polarization Modulation, change the polarization direction of light.Lenslet arrays 9 (as shown in Figure 4) position is just positioned on emergent pupil face, and effect splits aperture.Ccd detector 13 is image planes receiver, is used for reception four optical imagerys, is converted into digital picture and for follow-up image procossing, its effective resolution is 1024 × 1024 pixels, and pixel dimension is 9um × 9um, imaging band 400um-1000um.
Have 4 polaroids in polaroid array 8 as shown in Figure 2, its polarization angle is respectively 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° and 135 °.
When imaging circumstances is darker, as shown in Figure 3,3 polaroids are had in polaroid array 8, its polarization angle is respectively 0 °, 60 ° and 120 °, and a remaining aperture carries out non-ly being biased into picture, the situation of the polaroid of 4 different polarization angles is comprised compared to polaroid array 8, one light ray energy in the aperture of polaroid is not installed not lose, has taken into account the impact of imaging illumination thus, thus compensate for the loss of the energy that light is brought by polaroid.Although lacked a polarization light in system, namely three polarization informations are only had to supply imaging, but the polarization angle that polarization angle is respectively 0 °, 60 ° and 120 ° does not affect and solves Stokes parameter, concrete theoretical foundation is as follows: Stokes representation is the method for expressing of degree of polarization the most frequently used at present, all information about polarization both can well be expressed by it, were also easy to measure.Stokes is pointed out, the polarization state of light beam can be described completely by four parameter I, Q, U, V.Here, I represents the total intensity of light wave; Q represents the intensity difference of the linearly polarized light in x direction and Y-direction; U represents the intensity difference of the linearly polarized light on direction ,+π/4 and direction ,-π/4, and V represents the difference of dextropolarization component and Left-hand circular polarization component.At nature the atmospheric background and object in the polarization effect of sun incidence, circularly polarized component is few, therefore usually supposes V=0.Thus, the polarization state of Ray Of Light to be determined completely, also need three independent digits to determine I, these three parameters of Q, U.Be on the direction of a at the angle with x-axis, the light intensity I observed
0for,
I
0＝1/2(I+Q?cos2a+U?sin2a)
Therefore, during actual measurement, only need the linear polarization component light intensity measuring three different angles, Stokes parameter I, Q, U can be solved.When use 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, during 135 ° of linearly polarized lights,
I＝I
0+I
90＝I
45+I
135
Q＝I
0-I
90
U＝I
45-I
135
When use 0 °, 60 °, during 120 ° of linearly polarized lights, I, Q, U can be obtained according to formula below,
I＝2/3(I
0+I
60+I
120)
Q＝4/3(I
0-1/2I
60-1/2I
120)
The above-mentioned optical system of employing of the present invention, realize the object of point aperture polarization imaging, and there is not the phenomenon of image planes overlap, in order to improve image quality, adopt optical software to be optimized the parameter of each device in said system, then parameter is as shown in table 1, and in table, data unit is mm, s1-s19 represents the surface of each optical device in corresponding diagram 1, and final system light path 2 ties up structure as shown in Figure 5.
Table 1, system structure parameter
Final system index is as follows: system field angle ± 2.5 °, single image half image height 4mm, F number 5.6, system focal length 90mm, field stop 3 is 350mm to the distance of image planes, systematical distortion≤2, each surperficial maximum incident angle degree≤30 °, polaroid maximum incident angle degree≤5 °, detector diagonal line 16.59mm, single pixel dimension 9um, system MTF are all not less than 35% in 56lp/mm visual field that place has, as shown in Figure 5.
When the focal length of object lens 1 is 200mm, the airspace between lens 6 and 7 is 113.3579mm.When the focal length of object lens 1 changes, by the distance between adjustment lens 6 and 7, image quality can be improved.
TOLERANCE ANALYSIS is carried out to system, respectively conventional tolerance standard is arranged to translation when radius-of-curvature, lens thickness, installation and rotation error, the refractive index of material and the homogeney of Abbe number and material, as error of curvature 2mm, degree of irregularity 0.6, lens thickness error 0.05mm, refractive error 0.01, dispersive power error 0.008, homogenous materials error 5 × 10
-6, result as shown in Figure 6, shows that system has feasibility completely.
In sum, these are only preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. one kind of point of aperture polarized imaging system, it is characterized in that, comprise telephoto objective (1), optical filter (2), field stop (3), field lens (4), collimating module, aperture segmentation module, focal imaging module and the ccd detector (13) coaxially placed successively along the incident ray direction of propagation, wherein:
Described aperture segmentation module comprises polaroid array (8) and lenslet arrays (9), described polaroid array (8) is placed on collimating module rear, to place the polaroid that at least 3 have different polarization angle in 4 of 2 × 2 array distribution border circular areas in polaroid array (8);
Described lenslet arrays (9) is placed on polaroid array (8) rear, and 4 lens are wherein with 2 × 2 arranged in arrays, and the border circular areas described in aimed at respectively by each lens;
Described focal imaging module comprises the tenth lens (10), the 11 lens (11) and the 12 lens (12) that are arranged in order along optical axis direction, wherein, tenth lens (10) are negative lens, the curvature of field be used in elimination system; 11 lens (11) are positive lens, and the 12 lens (12) are meniscus lens, and both are combined into a positive lens, for eliminating spherical aberration and the coma of system; Simultaneously, the combination of the tenth lens (10), the 11 lens (11) and the 12 lens (12) is imaged on four quadrants of ccd detector (13) from the light beam of lenslet arrays (9) outgoing the most at last respectively, and ensures that 4 images are separated from each other;
Have 4 polaroids in described polaroid array (8), its polarization angle is respectively 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° and 135 °;
Have 3 polaroids in described polaroid array (8), its polarization angle is respectively 0 °, 60 ° and 120 °;
Described field lens (4) is spherical lens, and its front surface radius-of-curvature is 26.1963mm, and rear surface radius-of-curvature is-136.3237mm, and the distance of front surface and rear surface is 10mm;
Described collimating module comprises the 5th lens (5), the 6th lens (6) and the 7th lens (7), wherein the 5th lens (5) are spherical lens, its front surface radius-of-curvature is-17.5155mm, is 15.2058mm with field lens (4) rear surface distance; Rear surface radius-of-curvature is 30.40390mm, and the distance of front surface and rear surface is 1.8mm;
6th lens (6) are spherical lens, and its front surface radius-of-curvature is-258.4155mm, are 13.9979mm with the 5th lens (5) rear surface distance; Rear surface radius-of-curvature is-32.5799mm, and the distance of front surface and rear surface is 10mm;
7th lens (7) are cemented doublet, and its front surface radius-of-curvature is 140.61127mm, are 113.3579mm with the 6th lens (6) rear surface distance; Its cemented surface radius-of-curvature is 40.0286mm, is 10mm with the distance of the 7th lens (7) front surface; Rear surface radius-of-curvature is-84.7610mm, is 10mm with the distance of cemented surface;
Described polaroid array (8) thickness is 2mm, and its front surface and the 7th lens (7) rear surface distance are 9.7862mm;
The front surface of described lenslet arrays (9) and polaroid array (8) rear surface distance are 1mm;
Described focal imaging module comprises the tenth lens (10), the 11 lens (11) and the 12 lens, and wherein the front surface of the tenth lens (10) is plane, fits with lenslet arrays (9) rear surface; Rear surface radius-of-curvature is 71.6046mm, and the distance of front surface and rear surface is 1.8mm;
The front surface radius-of-curvature of the 11 lens (11) is 248.2664mm, is 83.9530mm with the tenth lens (10) rear surface distance; Rear surface radius-of-curvature is-120.6947mm, and the distance of front surface and rear surface is 10mm;
12 lens (12) are meniscus lens, and its front surface radius-of-curvature is 33.5885mm, and distance the 11 lens (11) rear surface distance is 0.5mm; Rear surface radius-of-curvature is 43.3481mm, and the distance of front surface and rear surface is 9.8447mm;
The rear surface distance of image planes distance the 12 lens (12) of ccd detector (13) is 38.3174mm.
2. point aperture polarized imaging system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the catercorner length of described ccd detector (13) is 16.59mm;
The semiaperture height of described field lens (4) front surface is 9.0200mm, and the semiaperture height of rear surface is 8.5498mm;
The front surface semiaperture height of described 5th lens (5) is 6.4169mm, and the semiaperture height of rear surface is 6.7050mm;
The semiaperture height of described 6th lens (6) front surface is 10.7520mm, and the semiaperture height of rear surface is 12.2530mm;
The semiaperture height of described 7th lens (7) front surface is 16.7667mm, and the semiaperture height of cemented surface is 16.4409mm, and the semiaperture height of rear surface is 16.5120mm;
The front surface semiaperture height of described polaroid array (8) is 15.3605mm, and the semiaperture height of rear surface is 15.2224mm;
The semiaperture height of described lenslet arrays (9) is 6.1594mm;
The front surface semiaperture height of described tenth lens (10) is 14.9046mm, and the semiaperture height of rear surface is 14.7349mm;
The front surface semiaperture height of described 11 lens (11) is 21.1277mm, and the semiaperture height of rear surface is 21.2072mm;
The front surface semiaperture height of described 12 lens (12) is 20.1894mm, and the semiaperture height of rear surface is 17.8470mm.
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| CN103472592B (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-11-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of fast high-throughout polarization imaging method of illuminated and polarization imager |
| CN105049690B (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-06-09 | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 | Portable polarization digital camera and its imaging method |
| CN105352603B (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-08-25 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Polarized imaging system and method that the full polarization state in the confocal face in a kind of point of aperture is detected simultaneously |
| CN105445952B (en) * | 2015-12-05 | 2017-11-03 | 西北工业大学 | The micro- inclined array and its imaging device of high photosensitive real-time polarization imaging |
| CN105588643B (en) * | 2016-02-28 | 2018-03-23 | 苏州大学 | Thermal infrared divides aperture polarization imaging optical system |
| CN108415144A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-17 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of preposition camera lens of polarization imaging |
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| CN109164463B (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2023-04-18 | 北京理工大学 | Multi-aperture view field partially-overlapped polarization thermal imaging method and device |
| CN110057754A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-07-26 | 南京信息工程大学 | It is a kind of to divide aperture optical camera lens for underwater polarization imaging |
| CN110543028B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2021-07-23 | 中国兵器工业集团第二一四研究所苏州研发中心 | Real-time polarization imaging array structure meeting low-light-level imaging |
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