CN102926939A - Five-degree-of-freedom full-suspension vertical shaft disc type wind driven generator - Google Patents

Abstract

A five-degree-of-freedom fully suspended vertical axis wind power generator, including a first generator stator, a second generator stator, a permanent magnetic bias type axial magnetic bearing stator A and a permanent magnetic bias type shaft installed on the inner wall of the casing To the magnetic suspension bearing stator B. The main shaft is provided with a first generator rotor A, a first generator rotor B, a permanent magnetic bias type axial magnetic suspension bearing rotor, a second generator rotor A and a second generator rotor B. The two ends of the main shaft protrude from the two ends of the casing, and are respectively equipped with fan blades and displacement sensors. The present invention utilizes two permanent magnetic type axial magnetic suspension bearings to realize the suspension of the rotor in four axial degrees of freedom, and utilizes one permanent magnetic bias type axial magnetic suspension bearing to realize the suspension of the rotor in the axial degree of freedom, realizing the rotor's suspension Full suspension reduces the cut-in wind speed, simplifies the structure of the magnetic suspension bearing system of the wind turbine, and improves the efficiency of energy conversion.

Description

A five-degree-of-freedom fully suspended vertical shaft disk wind turbine

technical field

The invention relates to a vertical shaft disc wind power generator, in particular to a five-degree-of-freedom full-suspension vertical shaft disc wind power generator, which belongs to the technical field of wind power generation.

Background technique

The principle of wind power generation is to use wind power to drive the generator rotor to rotate to generate electricity. By comparing different power generation methods, it can be found that wind power generation is green power in a complete sense—no pollution, renewable, and inexhaustible. The global wind energy reserves are huge, about 2.74×10 ⁹ MW. The available wind energy is about 2×10 ⁷ MW, which is about 10 times of the total exploitable water energy on the earth. China is rich in wind energy resources, and the exploitable and utilizable wind energy reserves are about 1×10 ⁹ kW, of which, the onshore wind energy reserves are about 2.53×10 ⁸ kW (at a height of 10 m from the ground), and the offshore wind energy reserves are about 7.5 ×10 ⁸ kW. Today, when countries all over the world attach importance to energy conservation and environmental protection, wind power generation plays a very positive role in improving the earth's ecological environment and reducing air pollution. Countries around the world are also paying more and more attention to the research and application of wind power generation.

In wind power generation, the wind energy that can be used to generate electricity is the wind speed range between the cut-in wind speed and the shutdown wind speed. Reducing the start-up wind speed and the cut-in wind speed can increase the utilization of effective wind energy, and can generate more energy at the same wind speed. More electric energy, so as to make full use of wind power to generate electricity. However, when designing a wind turbine, in order to obtain a lower cut-in wind speed, the output power of the wind turbine has to be reduced. In order to solve this contradiction, people apply the magnetic levitation technology to the support of the wind turbine rotor. Instead of traditional mechanical bearings, this can not only greatly reduce the friction force and friction torque between the rotor and bearings, realize the "light wind start, light wind power generation" of wind turbines, expand the utilization rate of wind resources, improve power generation efficiency, It can also avoid the high cost of using and maintaining mechanical bearings in the past, and reduce the cost of wind power generation. This is not only conducive to the popularization of wind power generation and the development of wind power in China, but also plays an important role in promoting energy conservation and emission reduction in China.

According to whether the levitation force is controllable, magnetic suspension bearings can be divided into two types: passive type and active type. Passive magnetic bearings mainly use the inherent repulsion or attraction between magnetic materials (such as between permanent magnetic materials, between permanent magnetic materials and soft magnetic materials) to achieve the suspension of the rotating shaft. It has a simple structure and less power loss. Active magnetic suspension bearings mainly realize the stable suspension of the rotating shaft by actively controlling the magnetic field force between the stator and rotor. According to the different establishment methods of the bias magnetic field, active magnetic suspension bearings can be divided into electromagnetic bias type and permanent magnetic bias type. two kinds. The permanent magnetic bias magnetic suspension bearing uses permanent magnetic materials to establish a bias magnetic field, which can greatly reduce the power loss of the magnetic suspension bearing.

In the existing all-permanent-magnet maglev wind turbines, the rotor of the wind turbine cannot be suspended in all five degrees of freedom, so the mechanical friction between the rotating part and the non-rotating part of the fan has not been completely eliminated, and further Reduce cut-in wind speed.

In order to realize the five-degree-of-freedom suspension of the wind turbine rotor, the support system adopted must have active magnetic suspension bearings. If the electromagnetic bias type magnetic suspension bearing is used, it will bring a large energy loss. In addition, If active magnetic suspension bearings are used in multiple degrees of freedom, the scale of the control system will be increased, resulting in higher use and operating costs of the magnetic suspension bearing system.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a five-degree-of-freedom fully suspended vertical shaft disk wind power generator with low maintenance cost, high wind energy utilization rate and low starting wind speed.

The invention comprises a casing, a first generator stator, a second generator stator, a permanent magnet bias type axial magnetic suspension bearing stator A, a permanent magnetic bias type axial magnetic suspension bearing stator B and a main shaft installed on the inner wall of the housing; The first generator rotor A, the first generator rotor B, the permanent magnetic bias type axial magnetic suspension bearing rotor, the second generator rotor A, and the second generator rotor B are arranged on the top; the permanent generator rotors arranged in sequence from top to top The magnetic bias type axial magnetic bearing stator A, the permanent magnetic bias type axial magnetic bearing rotor and the permanent magnetic bias type axial magnetic bearing stator B are located between the first generator rotor B and the second generator rotor A; The first generator stator is located between the first generator rotor A and the first generator rotor B, and the second generator stator is located between the second generator rotor A and the second generator rotor B; The top and the bottom of the shell protrude, the top of which is equipped with wind blades, and the bottom is equipped with displacement sensors.

Between the above-mentioned first generator rotor A and the first generator stator, between the first generator stator and the first generator rotor B, between the permanent magnet bias type axial magnetic suspension bearing stator A and the permanent magnet bias type axial Between magnetic suspension bearing rotors, between permanent magnetic bias type axial magnetic suspension bearing rotor and permanent magnetic bias type axial magnetic suspension bearing stator B, between second generator rotor A and second generator stator, second generator There is an air gap between the stator and the rotor B of the second generator.

The function of the above-mentioned air gap is mainly as a medium for magnetic field energy storage, and its width is preferably 0.3-1.5 mm.

The first generator and the second generator mentioned above are all disc-type coreless Halbach permanent magnet generators

Based on the above structure, the magnetic levitation wind power generator of the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) The five-degree-of-freedom full suspension of the rotor is realized, the mechanical friction between the stator and the rotor is eliminated, and the resistance of the fan when it starts is reduced.

(2) The disk-type coreless Halbach permanent magnet generator is adopted, which has the characteristics of light weight, high power density, low noise and high energy conversion efficiency.

(3) The permanent magnetic bias type magnetic suspension bearing is adopted, and the bias magnetic field is generated by a permanent magnet, which can greatly reduce the energy consumption of the magnetic suspension system without affecting the suspension performance.

(4) Utilize the force between the stator and the rotor of the two disk generators to realize the radial passive suspension of the rotor, eliminating the need for two radial magnetic suspension bearings, so the structure of the whole system is simple and the cost of use is low .

(5) Only the axial displacement of the rotor is actively controlled, so the control system is relatively simple. At the same time, because the motor has a double-rotor structure, the axial force between the stator and the rotor is in opposite directions and cancels each other, which reduces its impact on the suspension performance of the axial magnetic bearing and improves the reliability of the system.

(6) The axial magnetic suspension bearing can actively control the axial displacement of the rotor. In a stable state, there is no axial eccentricity between the stator and the rotor, which solves the influence of the eccentricity of the stator and the rotor on the performance of the generator.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of the structure of a five-degree-of-freedom fully suspended vertical shaft disk wind turbine.

Designation of labels in Fig. 1: 1, first generator rotor A. 2. The first generator stator. 3. The first generator rotor B. 4. Permanent magnetic bias type axial magnetic suspension bearing rotor. 5. Rotor A of the second generator. 6. Shell. 7. Spindle. 8. Displacement sensor. 9. Second generator rotor B. 10. The second generator stator. 11. Stator B of permanent magnetic bias type axial magnetic suspension bearing. 12. Stator A of permanent magnetic bias axial magnetic suspension bearing. 13. Wind leaves.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1, the first generator stator 2, the second generator stator 10, the permanent magnet bias axial magnetic bearing stator A12 and the permanent magnetic bias axial magnetic bearing stator B11 are all fixed inside the housing 6, Among them, the first generator stator 2 is located between the first generator rotor A1 and the first generator rotor B3, the permanent magnet bias type axial magnetic suspension bearing stator A12, and the permanent magnetic bias type axial magnetic suspension bearing stator B11 are located between the first generator rotor A1 and the first generator rotor B3. Between the first generator rotor B3 and the second generator rotor A5, the second generator stator 10 is located between the second generator rotor A5 and the second generator rotor B9

The first generator rotor A1, the first generator rotor B3, the permanent magnet bias type axial magnetic suspension bearing rotor 4, the second generator rotor A5, the second generator rotor B9, the fan blades 13, and the displacement sensor 8 are all set in the Outside the main shaft 7, its inner end surface is in contact with the outer end surface of the main shaft 7. Wherein, the first generator stator 2 is located in the shaft hole formed by the first generator rotor A1 and the inner end surface of the first generator rotor B3, and the outer end surface of the first generator stator 2 is respectively connected to the first generator rotor A1, the first There is a small air gap between the inner end faces of the generator rotor B3; the permanent magnet bias axial magnetic bearing stator A12 and the permanent magnetic bias axial magnetic bearing stator B11 are respectively located on the two sides of the permanent magnetic bias axial magnetic bearing rotor 4 side, and there is a small air gap between the lower end surface of the permanent magnet bias axial magnetic bearing stator A12 and the upper end surface of the permanent magnetic bias axial magnetic bearing rotor 4, and the upper end surface of the permanent magnetic bias axial magnetic bearing stator B11 There is a small air gap between the permanent magnetic bias type axial magnetic bearing rotor 4 and the lower end surface; the second generator stator 10 is located in the shaft hole formed by the second generator rotor A5 and the inner end surface of the second generator rotor B9, and There is a small air gap between the outer end faces of the second generator stator 10 and the inner end faces of the second generator rotor A5 and the second generator rotor B9 respectively; The very bottom of the spindle 7.

The present invention utilizes the interaction between the first generator stator 2 and the first generator rotor A1 and the first generator rotor B3; the interaction between the second generator stator 10 and the second generator rotor A5 and the second generator rotor B9 The interaction among them realizes the passive levitation of the rotor in four axial degrees of freedom. The permanent magnet bias axial magnetic bearing rotor 4 and the permanent magnetic bias axial magnetic bearing stator A12, the permanent magnetic bias axial magnetic bearing stator A12 and the permanent magnetic bias axial magnetic bearing The interaction between the magnetic suspension bearing stator B11 realizes the active suspension of the axial degree of freedom of the rotor.

When adopting the present invention to utilize wind power to generate electricity, the wind blows to the blades 13, and the blades 13 drive the main shaft 7 to rotate, and the main shaft 7 drives the first generator rotor A1, the first generator rotor B3, and the second generator rotor that are sleeved outside it. A5. The second generator rotor B9 rotates to make the first generator stator 2 and the second generator stator 10 generate electric energy.

Claims (3)

1. A five-degree-of-freedom full-suspension vertical-axis disc wind turbine, characterized in that it includes a casing (6), a first generator stator (2) and a second generator stator installed on the inner wall of the casing (6). (10), permanent magnet bias type axial magnetic suspension bearing stator A (12), permanent magnetic bias type axial magnetic suspension bearing stator B (11) and the main shaft (7); the main shaft (7) is provided with a first generator Rotor A (1), first generator rotor B (3), permanent magnet bias type axial magnetic suspension bearing rotor (4), second generator rotor A (5), second generator rotor B (9); Permanent magnet bias axial magnetic bearing stator A (12), permanent magnetic bias axial magnetic bearing rotor (4) and permanent magnetic bias axial magnetic bearing stator B (11) arranged in sequence from top to top Located between the first generator rotor B (3) and the second generator rotor A (5); the first generator stator (2) is located between the first generator rotor A (1) and the first generator rotor B (3) ), the second generator stator (10) is located between the second generator rotor A (5) and the second generator rotor B (9); the two ends of the main shaft (7) extend from the top and bottom of the housing respectively out, the top of which is equipped with fan blades (13), and the bottom is equipped with displacement sensors (8). 2. The wind power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: between the first generator rotor A (1) and the first generator stator (2), the first generator stator (2) and the first generator Between the machine rotor B (3), between the permanent magnet bias axial magnetic bearing stator A (12) and the permanent magnetic bias axial magnetic bearing rotor (4), between the permanent magnetic bias axial magnetic bearing rotor Between (4) and the permanent magnet bias type axial magnetic bearing stator B (11), between the second generator rotor A (5) and the second generator stator (10), the second generator stator (10) There is an air gap with the second generator rotor B (9). 3. The generator according to claim 2, characterized in that: the width of the air gap is between 0.3-1.5 mm.

Images