CN102926797B - 煤矿三高区钻孔、排粉、增透一体化装置 - Google Patents
煤矿三高区钻孔、排粉、增透一体化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102926797B CN102926797B CN201210474636.0A CN201210474636A CN102926797B CN 102926797 B CN102926797 B CN 102926797B CN 201210474636 A CN201210474636 A CN 201210474636A CN 102926797 B CN102926797 B CN 102926797B
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- drilling rod
- drilling
- interior
- powder
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>
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Abstract
本发明公开了煤矿三高区钻孔、排粉、增透一体化装置，包括钻进系统、排粉系统和造穴增透系统，排粉系统和造穴增透系统分别从钻进系统后端伸到钻进系统前端。本发明采用双层钻杆结构，并在钻孔过程中与玻璃钢套管相结合，有效解决了三高区钻孔或成孔难、煤粉排出困难等问题。通过设计钻进破碎系统、水射流孔与钻进工具相结合，在煤层孔中进行造穴增透，大大降低了应力集中效应，有效解决了三高区煤储层渗透性差，使瓦斯得以快速抽放，煤与瓦斯突出危险性大大降低。本发明为三高区煤与瓦斯突出治理提供了新途径。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于煤矿安全生产技术领域，尤其涉及一种煤矿三高区钻孔、排粉、增透一体化装置。
背景技术
[0002] 煤与瓦斯突出是制约煤矿安全、高效生产的关键因素之一，快速对瓦斯进行有效地抽放，是目前防治煤与瓦斯突出主要措施。其中瓦斯抽放包括地面瓦斯抽采和井下瓦斯抽放。地面瓦斯抽采是通过在地面进行钻穿过目的煤层，实施煤储层改造措施增加煤层的透气性，通过排水使煤储层压力降低，达到抽采瓦斯的目的。井下瓦斯抽放是指在井下在煤层或岩层中打钻孔，采取各种增透措施改变煤储层的透气性，通过负压联管进行瓦斯抽放。我国地质构造运动的多期性及成煤环境的复杂性，导致煤炭形成过程及形成后大多经历了多期构造应力作用，煤体结构遭受了不同程度的破坏，高瓦斯压力、高地应力、高破碎(三高区)区广泛分布。大量研究表明:煤与瓦斯突出是瓦斯压力、地应力和煤体结构综合作用的结果，煤矿“三高区”是煤与瓦斯突出易发区。如何有效的降低煤矿“三高区”的瓦斯压力或地应力，是降低煤与瓦斯突出危险性的根本。
[0003] 煤矿“三高区”的煤体比较破碎，目前，地面实施储层改造的方式很难使煤储层的透气性得到有效改善，抽采效果不甚理想。因此主要采用井下钻孔瓦斯抽采的方法对这样的区域进行抽采。但是高应力、高破碎、高瓦斯压力的特点，成孔难度大，钻孔深度受到限制，煤层的渗透性比较差，储层改造工艺技术也大大受到限制，瓦斯抽放钻孔间距过大，导致钻孔工程量大大增加；同时，由于煤储层的透气性较差，瓦斯抽放浓度及抽放量也受到很大限制。因此对于煤矿“三高区”，不仅要解决成孔难的问题，还要解决渗透性差的难题才能使这些区域的煤与瓦斯突出危险性降低成为可能。目前，进行井下储层改造的主要措施有:水力割缝、水力压裂、水力掏槽、水力喷射、水力挤出等，煤矿“三高区”特殊的储层条件，决定了这些工艺难以取得较好的改造效果，因此迫切需要一种新的设备解决上述难题。
[0004] 因煤矿“三高区”煤体比较松软，能否研制出一种设备及工艺技术，既能解决松软煤层中钻孔成孔的问题，又能通过排出大量煤粉，释放煤储层的应力，增加煤层的透气性，既能使瓦斯抽放量大大提高，又使煤与瓦斯突出的危险性大大降低。
发明内容
[0005] 本发明为了解决现有技术中的不足之处，提供一种煤矿三高区钻孔、排粉、增透一体化装置，该装置不仅可以提高钻孔成孔质量、钻孔深度，而且通过排粉、造穴使储层的应力得到有效释放，提高了储层的导流能力，降低了煤层瓦斯压力、煤层瓦斯含量，释放了一定的地应力，煤与瓦斯突出的危险性大大降低。
[0006] 为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案:煤矿三高区钻孔、排粉、增透一体化装置，包括钻进系统、排粉系统和造穴增透系统，排粉系统和造穴增透系统分别从钻进系统后端伸到钻进系统前端。
[0007] 所述钻进系统包括钻进电机1、中空的外钻杆2、同轴向设在外钻杆2内中空结构的内钻杆3和前小后大呈圆锥形状的钻头4，钻进电机I的动力输出端与外钻杆2通过三角带传动连接，内钻杆3外壁与外钻杆2内壁之间形成环形空腔13，内钻杆3外壁与外钻杆2内壁通过沿轴向设置的连接块5固定连接，钻头4设在外钻杆2和内钻杆3的前端，钻头4表面沿母线方向设有切割齿6，外钻杆2前端外圆周上设有扩径体7。
[0008] 所述排粉系统包括第一高压水泵8，第一高压水泵8通过第一高压水管9与内钻杆3的中部空腔14连通，内钻杆3后端封堵，钻头4上设有与中部空腔14连通的排粉水孔10。
[0009] 所述造穴增透系统包括第二高压水泵11，第二高压水泵11通过第二高压水管12与环形空腔13连通，外钻杆2后端封堵，钻头4上设有与环形空腔13上部连通的弧形射流水孔15。
[0010] 该装置还包括从钻进系统后端伸到钻进系统前端的破碎系统。
[0011] 所述破碎系统包括破碎电机16以及与破碎电机16的动力输出端通过三角带传动连接的传动轴17，传动轴17沿轴向穿设在内钻杆3的中部空腔14内，传动轴17通过大轴承18与外钻杆2转动连接，传动轴17通过小轴承19与内钻杆3转动连接，传动轴17前端穿过钻头4的外侧均布有碎石杆20，传动轴17前侧通过钻头连接轴承21与钻头4转动连接。
[0012] 所述外钻杆2至少设有两根，相邻外钻杆2之间螺纹连接，内钻杆3至少设有两根，相邻内钻杆3之间螺纹连接。
[0013] 所述外钻杆2最后端一根连接有粗管25，内钻杆3最后端一根连接有细管26，细管26同轴向设在粗管25内，粗管25前端部与外钻杆2后端部之间、细管26前端部与内钻杆3后端部之间分别设有密封环24，第一高压水管9通过细管26内腔与内钻杆3的中部空腔14连通，第二高压水管12通过粗管25和细管26之间形成的环形通道与环形空腔13连通，传动轴17穿设在细管26内并与细管26之间设有密封体22。
[0014] 采用上述技术方案，钻进系统主要是在煤岩中进行钻进、成孔；排粉系统主要是将钻进以及造穴过程中产生的煤粉排出；造穴增透系统主要是成孔以后在煤岩中造穴、卸压、增透。破碎系统主要是对于造穴过程中形成的大颗粒煤岩进一步破碎，便于煤粉排出。其他辅助系统主要包括固定系统、密封系统以及其他连结系统，主要是起固定、密封、连结以及其他辅助性作用。
[0015] 钻进电机带动外钻杆、内钻杆转动，设在外钻杆和内钻杆前端的钻头高速旋转进行钻孔作业。破碎电机带动传动轴转动，传动轴前端的碎石杆破碎较大的煤岩颗粒，避免较大的煤岩颗粒在排出过程中堵塞排粉通道，影响正常钻进。在造穴过程中，要根据实际煤岩强度以及颗粒粒度，确定转动轴的转速以及动力，确保破碎后的煤岩颗粒可以顺利通过排粉通道排出。
[0016] 由于煤矿“三高区”煤岩成孔难度较大，易于塌孔，则在钻孔钻进一定深度以后，下入外侧缠有毛巾，沾有聚氨酯膨胀剂的玻璃钢套管，这样不仅可以避免钻进过程外侧塌孔，还可以为造穴过程中煤粉的排出提供畅通的通道，同时可以根据钻孔过程塌孔的严重性，下入多级的玻璃钢套管。
[0017] 通过第一高压水泵提供高压水将钻进过程以及造穴过程生成的煤粉通过外钻杆与玻璃钢套管之间的空间排出。在钻进初期塌孔不严重时，直接通过外钻杆与煤岩之间的通道排出。在造穴过程中由于上方煤岩不断坍塌，为了避免排粉过程导致钻杆下方出现大肚子，导致排粉困难，在造穴过程中下入半圆形的玻璃钢套管，形成排粉通道，确保排粉顺利进行。高压水流对于排粉起到辅助作用，在造穴过程中，该系统中的水会带出一部分的煤粉。第一高压水泵主要是提供排出钻进、造穴过程中生成的煤粉所需要的动力。第一高压水泵通过内侧高压水管将大流量的水注入到钻头，通过排粉水孔流出，然后将大量的煤粉通过套管与外钻杆之间的通道排出。
[0018] 本发明采用双层钻杆结构，并在钻孔过程中与玻璃钢套管相结合，有效解决了三高区钻孔或成孔难、煤粉排出困难等问题。通过设计钻进破碎系统、水射流孔与钻进工具相结合，在煤层孔中进行造穴增透，大大降低了应力集中效应，有效解决了三高区煤储层渗透性差，使瓦斯得以快速抽放，煤与瓦斯突出危险性大大降低。本发明为三高区煤与瓦斯突出治理提供了新途径。
附图说明
[0019] 图1是本发明实施例一的结构示意图；
[0020] 图2是本发明实施例二的结构示意图；
[0021] 图3是图2当中A-A剖视图；
[0022] 图4是图2当中B-B剖视图；
[0023] 图5是图2当中C-C剖视图；
[0024] 图6是图1当中D-D剖视图；
[0025] 图7是钻孔时孔眼的截面图；
[0026] 图8是玻璃钢套管的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0027] 实施例一:如图1和图6所示，本发明的煤矿三高区钻孔、排粉、增透一体化装置，煤矿三高区钻孔、排粉、增透一体化装置，包括钻进系统、排粉系统和造穴增透系统，排粉系统和造穴增透系统分别从钻进系统后端伸到钻进系统前端。
[0028] 钻进系统包括钻进电机1、中空的外钻杆2、同轴向设在外钻杆2内中空结构的内钻杆3和前小后大呈圆锥形状的钻头4，钻进电机I的动力输出端与外钻杆2通过三角带传动连接，内钻杆3外壁与外钻杆2内壁之间形成环形空腔13，内钻杆3外壁与外钻杆2内壁通过沿轴向设置的连接块5固定连接，钻头4设在外钻杆2和内钻杆3的前端，钻头4表面沿母线方向设有切割齿6，外钻杆2前端外圆周上设有扩径体7。
[0029] 排粉系统包括第一高压水泵8，第一高压水泵8通过第一高压水管9与内钻杆3的中部空腔14连通，内钻杆3后端封堵，钻头4上设有与中部空腔14连通的排粉水孔10。
[0030] 造穴增透系统包括第二高压水泵11，第二高压水泵11通过第二高压水管12与环形空腔13连通，外钻杆2后端封堵，钻头4上设有与环形空腔13上部连通的弧形射流水孔15。第一高压水泵8和第二高压水泵11共用一个水箱30。
[0031] 外钻杆2至少设有两根，相邻外钻杆2之间螺纹连接，内钻杆3至少设有两根，相邻内钻杆3之间螺纹连接。外钻杆2最后端一根连接有粗管25，内钻杆3最后端一根连接有细管26,细管26同轴向设在粗管25内，粗管25前端部与外钻杆2后端部之间、细管26前端部与内钻杆3后端部之间分别设有密封环24，第一高压水管9通过细管26内腔与内钻杆3的中部空腔14连通，第二高压水管12通过粗管25和细管26之间形成的环形通道与环形空腔13连通。
[0032] 本发明的具体施工流程如下:
[0033] I)、根据施工要求将各种设备移动至施工地点，对设备进行调试，做好施工前的准备工作；
[0034] 2)、启动第一高压水泵8和第二高压水泵11以及钻进电机1，直到塌孔严重难以钻进，退出钻进系统，下入玻璃钢套管，如图8所示,玻璃钢套管包括外套管34、穿设在外套管34内的内套管39，与内套管39 —体的半圆形套管35，内套管39与外套管34之间通过聚氨酯固定在一起，半圆形套管35是为了保证造穴过程中落下的煤岩颗粒可以通过其排出。该步骤下入的玻璃钢套管仅为外套管34 ；
[0035] 3)、换上小一级的钻头4，继续开始钻进，当遇塌孔严重时继续下入次一级玻璃钢套管，按此方式直至达到预定造穴位置，退出钻进系统，下入内套管39和半圆环形套管35;
[0036] 4)、本实施例适用于煤体破碎情况比较严重的情况，将钻进系统推进至造穴位置，合理调整钻杆位置使其射流水孔15朝上，这样才不会破坏下部的排粉通道，形成扇形的洞穴，启动第一高压水泵8和第二高压水泵11以及钻进电机I，开始造穴；
[0037] 5)、造穴过程移动底座缓慢向前推动，同时控制好第一高压水泵8和第二高压水泵11的压力、流量以及钻进电机I的转速，确保造穴过程可以及时将煤粉破碎、排出，同时造出合理的洞穴；如图7所示，造成的洞穴截面呈扇形结构，包括孔眼上部36、孔眼侧部37和孔眼底部38 ；
[0038] 6)、造穴完成以后，退出装备。对孔眼进行冲洗，安装抽放管路开始瓦斯抽放；
[0039] 7)、最后对设备进行清洗、整理。
[0040] 实施例二:如图2〜图5所示，与实施例一的不同之处在于，本发明还包括从钻进系统后端伸到钻进系统前端的破碎系统。破碎系统包括破碎电机16以及与破碎电机16的动力输出端通过三角带传动连接的传动轴17，传动轴17沿轴向穿设在内钻杆3的中部空腔14内，传动轴17通过大轴承18与外钻杆2转动连接，传动轴17通过小轴承19与内钻杆3转动连接，传动轴17前端穿过钻头4的外侧均布有碎石杆20，传动轴17前侧通过钻头连接轴承21与钻头4转动连接。钻头4的前端为平面。传动轴17穿设在细管26内并与细管26之间设有密封体22。该实施例适用于煤体破碎不严重时安装使用。钻头4可以将水力喷射过程形成的煤岩颗粒进一步破碎，便于排出。
Claims (5)
1.煤矿三高区钻孔、排粉、增透一体化装置，其特征在于:包括钻进系统、排粉系统和造穴增透系统，排粉系统和造穴增透系统分别从钻进系统后端伸到钻进系统前端； 所述钻进系统包括钻进电机(I)、中空的外钻杆(2)、同轴向设在外钻杆(2)内中空结构的内钻杆(3)和如小后大呈圆维形状的钻头(4),钻进电机(I)的动力输出端与外钻杆(2)通过三角带传动连接，内钻杆(3)外壁与外钻杆(2)内壁之间形成环形空腔(13)，内钻杆(3)外壁与外钻杆(2)内壁通过沿轴向设置的连接块(5)固定连接，钻头(4)设在外钻杆(2)和内钻杆(3)的前端，钻头(4)表面沿母线方向设有切割齿(6)，外钻杆(2)前端外圆周上设有扩径体(7); 所述排粉系统包括第一高压水泵(8)，第一高压水泵(8)通过第一高压水管(9)与内钻杆(3)的中部空腔(14)连通，内钻杆(3)后端封堵，钻头(4)上设有与中部空腔(14)连通的排粉水孔(10)； 所述造穴增透系统包括第二高压水泵(11)，第二高压水泵(11)通过第二高压水管(12)与环形空腔(13)连通，外钻杆(2)后端封堵，钻头(4)上设有与环形空腔(13)上部连通的弧形射流水孔(15)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的煤矿三高区钻孔、排粉、增透一体化装置，其特征在于:该装置还包括从钻进系统后端伸到钻进系统前端的破碎系统。
3.根据权利要求2所述的煤矿三高区钻孔、排粉、增透一体化装置，其特征在于:所述破碎系统包括破碎电机(16)以及与破碎电机(16)的动力输出端通过三角带传动连接的传动轴(17 )，传动轴(17 )沿轴向穿设在内钻杆(3 )的中部空腔(14)内，传动轴(17)通过大轴承(18 )与外钻杆(2 )转动连接，传动轴(17 )通过小轴承(19 )与内钻杆(3 )转动连接，传动轴(17)前端穿过钻头(4)的外侧均布有碎石杆(20)，传动轴(17)前侧通过钻头连接轴承(21)与钻头(4)转动连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的煤矿三高区钻孔、排粉、增透一体化装置，其特征在于:所述外钻杆(2)至少设有两根，相邻外钻杆(2)之间螺纹连接，内钻杆(3)至少设有两根，相邻内钻杆(3)之间螺纹连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的煤矿三高区钻孔、排粉、增透一体化装置，其特征在于:所述外钻杆(2)最后端一根连接有粗管(25)，内钻杆(3)最后端一根连接有细管(26)，细管(26)同轴向设在粗管(25)内，粗管(25)前端部与外钻杆(2)后端部之间、细管(26)前端部与内钻杆(3)后端部之间分别设有密封环(24)，第一高压水管(9)通过细管(26)内腔与内钻杆(3)的中部空腔(14)连通，第二高压水管(12)通过粗管(25)和细管(26)之间形成的环形通道与环形空腔(13)连通，传动轴(17)穿设在细管(26)内并与细管(26)之间设有密封体(22)。
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