CN102914519B - Optical fiber type laser liquid turbidity measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
Optical fiber type laser liquid turbidity measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optical fiber type laser liquid turbidity measuring device and measuring method. The measuring device comprises a laser, an optical fiber, an optical fiber circulator, an optical fiber collimator, a photoelectric detector and a signal demodulating and processing system. In a measuring system, a full-optical fiber structure of the optical fiber circulator and the optical fiber collimator is adopted, and on the basis of a back scattering light measuring principle, namely, a monotonous relation between the liquid turbidity and the increasing of the scattering light intensity, the accurate on-line measurement for the liquid turbidity under the conditions of long distance and narrow space and other complex conditions is realized. The optical fiber type laser liquid turbidity measuring device has a simple structure, is easy to realize and is high in stability and sensitivity; the practicability and safety of a liquid turbidity measuring system are effectively increased; and a technical support is supplied to the long-term on-line water quality monitoring.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical fiber type laser turbidity meter and measuring method, belong to environmental monitoring technology field.
Background technology
Liquid turbidity is a kind of optical property of liquid, refers to that the scattering to light causes the decline of water sample transparency due to solid suspended particles in liquid and impurity.When water pollution issue is day by day serious, water turbidity is one of basic index of reflection water quality condition.In oil extraction process, generally also need to improve petroleum production by the means such as water filling, if but in water filling with a large amount of suspension and turbidity too high time, water injection well diafiltration end face and seepage flow duct will be blocked and hinder the extraction of oil.Therefore, in conventional water quality monitoring, aquaculture, drinking water safety, reservoir water etc., the accurate measurements of liquid turbidity is all quite important.
American-European countries just starts design and the production of carrying out turbidimeter from nineteen thirties, and technology is comparatively ripe.External many instrument and meter companies have also released one after another the turbidimeter of dependable performance, advanced technology, and the lower limit of turbidimetry is constantly extended.Series 4670 turbidimeter that the WTM500 that Sigrist company produces, ABB AB produce all adopts 90 degree of vertical scatterometry schemes, is mainly used in the turbidimetry of low turbidity water sample.
The research of domestic Turbidity measurement technology is started late, and technical feature has very large gap compared with external turbidimeter, and through the researches of technique of nearly 10 years and Importing Foreign Advanced Technology experience, domestic turbidimeter parameters index improves a lot.Shanghai Lei Ci instrument plant, state-run 267 factories, Beijing Tengine Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd. have also released one after another nephelometer product.
At present, various turbidimetry system both domestic and external is but difficult to realize small space and online turbidimetry under the special mal-condition of test environment, such as environment temperature then cannot normally work more than 65 degrees Celsius, its reason is that probe segment comprises light source, detector and signal processing circuit, and job stability and measurement volumes all can be limited greatly.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of optical fiber type laser liquid turbidity meter and measuring method, realizes the accurate on-line monitoring of liquid turbidity under remote small space and ultra-hostile environment (UHE).
Technical solution of the present invention: a kind of optical fiber type laser liquid turbidity meter, adopt all optical fibre structure of fiber optical circulator and collimating apparatus, comprise single-chip microcomputer 1, laser modulation module 2, laser instrument 3, first optical fiber 4, three fiber port circulator 5, optical fiber collimator 6, second optical fiber 7, photodetector 8, signal amplification and demodulation module 9, described laser modulation module 2 pairs of laser instruments 3 carry out intensity modulation, to avoid external stray light and environmental change to the interference of signal, laser after modulation is transferred to the first port of three fiber port circulators 5 through the first optical fiber 4, then optical fiber collimator 6 is outputted to from the second port of three fiber port circulators 5, incide on testing liquid sample from the light of optical fiber collimator 6 outgoing, part rear orientation light after the scattering of testing liquid sample endoparticle thing feeds back to optical fiber collimator 6, namely optical fiber collimator 6 is simultaneously as laser input and flashlight receiving device, the hypersensitivity of discrete detecting structure to environmental change is it also avoid while the coupling efficiency improving scattered light, and embody volume little and without the need to power supply advantage, scattered light exports through the 3rd port of optical fiber collimator 6 from three fiber port circulators 5, effective separation input light and flashlight also avoid rear orientation light nonlinear effect to cause the change of signal spectrum, the scattered light exported from the 3rd port of three fiber port circulators 5 is coupled to the second optical fiber 7, then by photodetector 8, light signal is converted into electric signal, electric signal delivers to single-chip microcomputer 1 after being processed by signal amplification and demodulation module 9, the signal voltage amplitude after demodulation is obtained by single-chip microcomputer 1, by the signal amplitude of single-chip microcomputer 1 gained and standard turbidity and the comparison of voltage magnitude variation relation, draw liquid turbidity information.
Wherein, standard turbidity and voltage magnitude variation relation are obtained by following process: standard formal chaste tree titer optical fiber collimator 6 being put into respectively more than 6 groups different turbidity, corresponding signal voltage amplitude is obtained after being processed by signal amplification and demodulation module 9, respectively using the magnitude of voltage that measures and standard turbidity value as coordinate in length and breadth, draw signal voltage amplitude and turbidity variation relation curve, linear fit carried out to the data measured:
Y=A+B*X
Wherein, Y representation signal voltage magnitude, X represents turbidity value, A and B is respectively linear fit parameter.Obtain the value of parameter A and B after adopting least square method to carry out linear fit, and draw matched curve, i.e. standard turbidity and voltage magnitude variation relation.When the error of matched curve and measured value is more than 2%, use cubic fit equation instead:
Y=A+B1*X+B2*X
2+B3*X
3
Obtain the value of parameter A, B1, B2, B3 after adopting least square method to carry out linear fit, and draw matched curve, i.e. standard turbidity and voltage magnitude variation relation.
The semiconductor laser that described laser instrument 3 adopts band single-mode tail fiber to export, easily realize the Laser output of laser intensity modulation and high coupling efficiency, and laser instrument 3 works in intensity modulation mode, to avoid external stray light and environmental change to the interference of signal.
Described optical fiber collimator 6 as laser input and Signal reception device, improves the coupling efficiency of flashlight, and avoids the susceptibility of discrete end of probe to environmental change simultaneously.Described fiber optical circulator 5 is effectively separated input light and flashlight, avoids rear orientation light nonlinear effect to cause the change of signal spectrum.Insertion loss≤the 0.8dB of described fiber optical circulator 5, isolation >=40dB, effectively can improve the precision of systematic survey;
Described first optical fiber 4, three fiber port circulator 5, optical fiber collimator 6, second optical fiber 7 all adopt single-mode fiber device, have the advantages that the low and volume of loss is little, can realize the on-line monitoring of liquid turbidity under remote small space; Described fiber optical circulator 5 and optical fiber collimator 6 select high temperature resistant device according to practical application, and maximum temperature selects 150 or 300 degrees Celsius or carry out withstand voltage heat insulation packed, to realize the liquid turbidity on-line monitoring under severe measurement environment.
Optical fiber type laser liquid turbidimetry method, comprises the following steps:
The first step, laser instrument 3 exports modulation light intensity, shines on testing liquid sample respectively through the first optical fiber 4, three fiber port circulator 5, optical fiber collimator 6;
Second step, part rear orientation light after the scattering of testing liquid sample endoparticle thing feeds back to optical fiber collimator 6, and export through three fiber port circulator 5 the 3rd ports, photodetector 8 is transferred to through the second optical fiber 7, photodetector 8 changes light signal into electric signal, electric signal amplifies through signal amplification and demodulation module 9 and delivers to single-chip microcomputer 1 after demodulation, obtains the signal voltage amplitude after demodulation by single-chip microcomputer 1;
3rd step, according to ISO7027, utilize the formal chaste tree titer of GBW12001 standard substance and the multiple different turbidity of 400NTU formal chaste tree titer preparation, optical fiber collimator 6 is fixed in cylindrical container, first start to measure with 0NTU ultrapure water, record rear orientation light magnitude of voltage is worth as a setting, the equal subtracting background value of later measured value, then in cylindrical container, formal chaste tree turbidity standard is added and recording voltage value, afterwards turbidity liquid is poured out, cleaning cylindrical container and sensor probe, add the formal chaste tree titer of next turbidity again, again write down signal amplify and the photovoltage that obtains of demodulation module 9 with prepare the turbidity value of formal chaste tree solution, constantly repeat to add the formal chaste tree solution of different turbidity and tracer signal is amplified and photovoltage on demodulation module 9, until 400NTU formal chaste tree titer, obtain the data of more than 6 groups correspondences,
4th step, respectively using the magnitude of voltage that measures and standard turbidity value as coordinate in length and breadth, draw signal voltage amplitude and turbidity variation relation curve;
5th step, linear fit is carried out to the data measured:
Y=A+B*X
Wherein Y representation signal voltage magnitude, X represents turbidity value, A and B is respectively linear fit parameter.Obtain the value of parameter A and B after adopting least square method to carry out linear fit, and draw matched curve, i.e. standard turbidity and voltage magnitude variation relation;
When the error of matched curve and measured value is more than 2%, use cubic fit equation instead:
Y=A+B1*X+B2*X
2+B3*X
3
Obtain the value of parameter A, B1, B2, B3 after adopting least square method to carry out linear fit, and draw matched curve, i.e. standard turbidity and voltage magnitude variation relation;
6th step, then puts into testing liquid by optical fiber collimator 6 part of turbidity meter, by the signal amplitude of single-chip microcomputer 1 gained and the standard turbidity drawn and the comparison of voltage magnitude variation relation, draws liquid turbidity information.
Liquid turbidity measuring principle of the present invention is as follows: can judge situation and the distribution of particle in water by measuring scattered light, and the factors such as scattered light intensity and the distribution in space thereof and mean particle dia size, lambda1-wavelength, incident intensity are relevant.Generally we pay close attention to the scattering phenomenon that larger particles causes, and when in water, the radius of suspended particle is more than or equal to optical wavelength, the scattered light intensity now back scattering angular direction recorded obeys Mie scattering theorem.At incident wavelength λ, incident intensity I
0, scattering light path r, size parameter k, the refractive index m of tested particle diameter and scatteringangleθ be when all determining, scattered light intensity is just directly proportional to Particle number concentration, is namely directly proportional to turbidity, and at incident light I
0when constant, the scattered light intensity that MieShi theorem calculates can be reduced to:
I
r＝KT
Therefore, no matter the size of particle is how many, in water back scattering light intensity always with turbidity T direct proportionality, only COEFFICIENT K turbidity standard need be demarcated in actual measurement after obtaining and just can calculate turbidity value by back scattering light intensity.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art:
(1) the present invention adopts fiber optical circulator and optical fiber collimator structure, Laser emission and signal detection system unite two into one, under avoiding the conditions such as ambient temperature change, vibration, system variant is on the impact of acquisition of signal, drastically increases the stability of measuring system.
(2) the present invention adopts Back turbidimetry principle, and adopts fiber optical circulator to realize effective isolation (isolation is greater than 50dB) of transmission laser and flashlight, can realize the Measurement accuracy of low turbidity.
(3) the present invention adopts all-fiber formula detecting structure, is applicable to the rugged surroundings such as High Temperature High Pressure and strong electromagnetic; The volume of all-fiber formula probe is very little, is applicable to the liquid turbidity detection of small space.
(4) laser of the present invention and Signal transmissions all adopt single-mode fiber, namely can realize the long-range detection of liquid turbidity, avoid the interference such as the electromagnetism of outer bound pair light signal in signals transmission.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is optical fiber type laser liquid turbidity meter structural representation in the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, measurement mechanism of the present invention comprises: single-chip microcomputer 1, laser modulation module 2, laser instrument 3, first optical fiber 4, three fiber port circulator 5, optical fiber collimator 6, second optical fiber 7, photodetector 8, signal amplify and demodulation module 9; Described laser instrument 3 is after laser modulation module 2 carries out intensity modulation, laser is transferred to the first port of three fiber port circulators 5 through the first optical fiber 4, then optical fiber collimator 6 is outputted to from the second port of three fiber port circulators 5, to return through optical fiber collimator 6 through particles in liquid scattering rear portion light from the light of optical fiber collimator outgoing and output to the second optical fiber 7 from the 3rd port of three fiber port circulators 5, then by photodetector 8, light signal is converted into electric signal, electric signal delivers to single-chip microcomputer 1 after being processed by signal amplification and demodulation module 9.
Wherein laser instrument 3 is for having good modulating characteristic and the semiconductor DFB of built in light isolator and refrigerator, band tail optical fiber exports, first optical fiber 4 and the second optical fiber 7 are single-mode quartz optical fibers, photodetector 8 is high sensitivity avalanche photodetector module, with the highly sensitive detection of the remote transmission (0-10KM) and scattered light of guaranteeing laser signal.
Measuring method performing step of the present invention is as follows:
(1) single-chip microcomputer 1 is by gating pulse order-driven laser modulation module 2, and then carries out square-wave frequency modulation (general dutycycle is chosen as 50%) to laser instrument 3;
(2) laser instrument 3 exports square-wave frequency modulation light intensity, shines on testing liquid sample successively through the first optical fiber 4, three fiber port circulator 5, optical fiber collimator 6;
(3) the part rear orientation light after the scattering of testing liquid sample endoparticle thing feeds back to optical fiber collimator 6, and export through three fiber port circulator 5 the 3rd ports, be transferred to photodetector 8 through the second optical fiber 7, photodetector 8 changes the modulation of luminous power into luminous power electric signal;
(4) electric signal input signal amplification and demodulation module 9 again: be amplified into bandwidth-limited circuit through one-level, the fundamental signal produced after bandpass filtering enters full-wave rectification and low pass circuit again, obtains the direct current signal of low frequency, namely completes average detection;
(5) signal after secondary amplifies delivers to single-chip microcomputer 1, obtains the signal voltage amplitude after demodulation;
(6) according to ISO7027, the calibration and usage formal chaste tree titer of water turbidity detection system, GBW12001 standard substance (400NTU formal chaste tree titer) is utilized to prepare the mark liquid of multiple different turbidity, the optical fiber collimator 6 of turbidity meter is fixed in cylindrical container, first start to measure with 0NTU ultrapure water, record rear orientation light magnitude of voltage is worth as a setting, the equal subtracting background value of later measured value, then in cylindrical container, formal chaste tree turbidity standard is added and recording voltage value, afterwards turbidity liquid is poured out, clean container and probe, add the titer of next turbidity again, again write down signal voltage amplitude and prepare the turbidity value of formal chaste tree solution.Constantly repeat to add the formal chaste tree solution of different turbidity and tracer signal is amplified and photovoltage on demodulation module 9, until 400NTU formal chaste tree titer, obtain the data of more than 6 groups correspondences;
(7) respectively using the magnitude of voltage that measures and standard turbidity value as coordinate in length and breadth, draw signal voltage amplitude and turbidity variation relation curve;
(8) linear fit is carried out to the data measured:
Y=A+B*X
Wherein Y representation signal voltage magnitude, X represents turbidity value, A and B is respectively linear fit parameter.Obtain the value of parameter A and B after adopting least square method to carry out linear fit, and draw matched curve, i.e. standard turbidity and voltage magnitude variation relation;
(9) when the error of matched curve and measured value is more than 2%, cubic fit equation is used instead:
Y=A+B1*X+B2*X
2+B3*X
3
Obtain the value of parameter A, B1, B2, B3 after adopting least square method to carry out linear fit, and draw matched curve, i.e. standard turbidity and voltage magnitude variation relation;
(10) then optical fiber collimator 6 part of turbidity meter is put into testing liquid, by the signal amplitude of single-chip microcomputer 1 gained and the standard turbidity drawn and the comparison of voltage magnitude variation relation, draw liquid turbidity information.
In a word, the accurate on-line measurement of liquid turbidity under remote, small space and other complex environments is realized.Structure of the present invention is simple, be easy to realize, stability is high, effectively improve the practicality of liquid turbidity measuring system, security, providing technical guarantee for carrying out long-term online water quality monitoring.
The content be not described in detail in instructions of the present invention belongs to the known prior art of professional and technical personnel in the field.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. an optical fiber type laser liquid turbidity meter, it is characterized in that: all optical fibre structure adopting fiber optical circulator and collimating apparatus, comprise single-chip microcomputer (1), laser modulation module (2), laser instrument (3), the first optical fiber (4), three fiber port circulators (5), optical fiber collimator (6), the second optical fiber (7), photodetector (8), signal amplification and demodulation module (9), described laser modulation module (2) carries out intensity modulation to laser instrument (3), to avoid external stray light and environmental change to the interference of signal, laser after modulation is transferred to the first port of three fiber port circulators (5) through the first optical fiber (4), then optical fiber collimator (6) is outputted to from the second port of three fiber port circulators (5), incide on testing liquid sample from the light of optical fiber collimator (6) outgoing, effectively avoid fiber nonlinear effect and rear orientation light on the impact of measuring-signal to make whole optical path, part rear orientation light after the scattering of testing liquid sample endoparticle thing feeds back to optical fiber collimator (6), form a Laser emission and acquisition of signal unites two into one but avoids the system of signal disturbing, namely optical fiber collimator (6) is simultaneously as laser input and flashlight receiving device, the hypersensitivity that discrete detecting structure changes environment temperature and vibration factor is it also avoid while the coupling efficiency improving scattered light, and embody volume little and without the need to power supply advantage, scattered light exports through the 3rd port of optical fiber collimator (6) from three fiber port circulators (5), the scattered light exported from the 3rd port of three fiber port circulators (5) is coupled to the second optical fiber (7), then by photodetector (8), light signal is converted into electric signal, electric signal is amplified by signal and delivers to single-chip microcomputer (1) after demodulation module (9) process, the signal voltage amplitude after demodulation is obtained by single-chip microcomputer (1), by the signal amplitude of single-chip microcomputer (1) gained and standard turbidity and the comparison of voltage magnitude variation relation, draw liquid turbidity information,
Described standard turbidity and voltage magnitude variation relation are obtained by following process: standard formal chaste tree titer optical fiber collimator (6) being put into respectively more than 6 groups different turbidity, amplified by signal and obtain corresponding signal voltage amplitude after demodulation module (9) process, respectively using the magnitude of voltage that measures and standard turbidity value as coordinate in length and breadth, draw signal voltage amplitude and turbidity variation relation curve, linear fit carried out to the data measured:
Y＝A+B*X
Wherein, Y representation signal voltage magnitude, X represents turbidity value, A and B is respectively linear fit parameter; Obtain the value of parameter A and B after adopting least square method to carry out linear fit, and draw matched curve, i.e. standard turbidity and voltage magnitude variation relation; When the error of matched curve and measured value is more than 2%, use cubic fit equation instead:
Y＝A+B1*X+B2*X
2+B3*X
3
Obtain the value of parameter A, B1, B2, B3 after adopting least square method to carry out linear fit, and draw matched curve, i.e. standard turbidity and voltage magnitude variation relation;
Described fiber optical circulator (5) and optical fiber collimator (6) select high temperature resistant device according to practical application, maximum temperature selects 150 or 300 degrees Celsius or carry out withstand voltage heat insulation packed, to realize the liquid turbidity on-line monitoring under severe measurement environment.
2. optical fiber type laser liquid turbidity meter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described first optical fiber (4), three fiber port circulators (5), optical fiber collimator (6), the second optical fiber (7) are connected, form the turbidity detection system that a Laser emission and acquisition of signal unite two into one, to avoid the impact on acquisition of signal such as ambient temperature change, vibration, improve the stability of measuring system.
3. optical fiber type laser liquid turbidity meter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described first optical fiber (4), three fiber port circulators (5), optical fiber collimator (6), the second optical fiber (7) all adopt single-mode fiber device, have the advantages that the low and volume of loss is little, the on-line monitoring of liquid turbidity under remote small space can be realized.
4. adopt the measuring method of optical fiber type laser liquid turbidity meter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
The first step, laser instrument (3) exports modulation light intensity, incides on testing liquid sample respectively through the first optical fiber (4), three fiber port circulators (5), optical fiber collimator (6);
Second step, part rear orientation light after the scattering of testing liquid sample endoparticle thing feeds back to optical fiber collimator (6), and export through three fiber port circulator (5) the 3rd ports, photodetector (8) is transferred to through the second optical fiber (7), photodetector (8) changes light signal into electric signal, electric signal amplifies through signal amplification and demodulation module (9) and delivers to single-chip microcomputer (1) after demodulation, obtains the signal voltage amplitude after demodulation by single-chip microcomputer (1);
3rd step, according to ISO7027, utilize the formal chaste tree titer of GBW12001 standard substance and the multiple different turbidity of 400NTU formal chaste tree titer preparation, optical fiber collimator (6) is fixed in cylindrical container, first start to measure with 0NTU ultrapure water, record rear orientation light magnitude of voltage is worth as a setting, the equal subtracting background value of later measured value, then in cylindrical container, formal chaste tree turbidity standard is added and recording voltage value, afterwards turbidity liquid is poured out, cleaning cylindrical container and sensor probe, add the formal chaste tree titer of next turbidity again, again write down signal amplify and the photovoltage that obtains of demodulation module (9) with prepare the turbidity value of formal chaste tree solution, constantly repeat to add the formal chaste tree solution of different turbidity and tracer signal is amplified and photovoltage on demodulation module (9), until 400NTU formal chaste tree titer, obtain the data of more than 6 groups correspondences,
4th step, respectively using the magnitude of voltage that measures and standard turbidity value as coordinate in length and breadth, draw signal voltage amplitude and turbidity variation relation curve;
5th step, linear fit is carried out to the data measured:
Y＝A+B*X
Wherein Y representation signal voltage magnitude, X represents turbidity value, A and B is respectively linear fit parameter, obtains the value of parameter A and B, and draw matched curve, i.e. standard turbidity and voltage magnitude variation relation after adopting least square method to carry out linear fit;
When the error of matched curve and measured value is more than 2%, use cubic fit equation instead:
Y＝A+B1*X+B2*X
2+B3*X
3
Obtain the value of parameter A, B1, B2, B3 after adopting least square method to carry out linear fit, and draw matched curve, i.e. standard turbidity and voltage magnitude variation relation;
6th step, then puts into testing liquid by the optical fiber collimator (6) of turbidity meter part, by the signal amplitude of single-chip microcomputer (1) gained and the standard turbidity drawn and the comparison of voltage magnitude variation relation, draws liquid turbidity information.
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| 基于脉冲宽度调制技术的水浊度探测研究;张恺、张玉钧、殷高方等;《大气与环境光学学报》;20120131;第7卷(第1期);第63-70页 * |
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