CN102904509B - 开关磁阻电动机分步续流无位置传感器控制方法 - Google Patents

开关磁阻电动机分步续流无位置传感器控制方法 Download PDF

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CN102904509B
CN102904509B CN201210403886.5A CN201210403886A CN102904509B CN 102904509 B CN102904509 B CN 102904509B CN 201210403886 A CN201210403886 A CN 201210403886A CN 102904509 B CN102904509 B CN 102904509B
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phase
switched reluctance
reluctance motor
main switch
power inverter
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CN102904509A (zh
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陈昊
曾辉
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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Priority to AU2013334377A priority patent/AU2013334377B2/en
Priority to RU2015113049A priority patent/RU2614524C2/ru
Priority to CA2861573A priority patent/CA2861573C/en
Priority to PCT/CN2013/070930 priority patent/WO2014063453A1/zh
Priority to US14/344,872 priority patent/US9281773B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/08—Reluctance motors
    • H02P25/086—Commutation
    • H02P25/089—Sensorless control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/08—Reluctance motors
    • H02P25/083—Arrangements for increasing the switching speed from one coil to the next one
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/08—Reluctance motors
    • H02P25/092—Converters specially adapted for controlling reluctance motors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Stepping Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开的一种开关磁阻电动机分步续流无位置传感器控制方法，采用每相双开关功率变换器的开关磁阻电动机系统，功率变换器一相主开关上管和下管都关断后，开关磁阻电动机该相进入负电压强迫续流状态，检测该相电流，当该相电流下降达到设定阈值时开通该相主开关下管或上管，开关磁阻电动机该相进入零电压自然续流状态，该相电流开始上升；当该相电流上升达到峰值时，转子位置为该相最小相电感始端位置，直接作为开关磁阻电动机该相主开关的开通位置，开通该相主开关上管和下管。该方法无需外接额外硬件，无需转子位置传感器，无需存储电动机磁链数据，无控制方式限制，实时性强，动态响应性能和稳定性良好，具有较强实用性与通用性。

Description

开关磁阻电动机分步续流无位置传感器控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种开关磁阻电动机无位置传感器控制方法，用分步续流，适用于各种相数、采用每相双开关功率变换器的开关磁阻电动机系统。
背景技术
开关磁阻电动机结构简单坚固，适合工作在环境恶劣的工业场合，然而位置传感器的存在大大降低了电动机可靠性，增加了电动机成本和系统复杂度。此外在某些领域如压缩机中无法安装位置传感器，限制了开关磁阻电动机广泛应用。因此无位置控制成为开关磁阻电动机发展的必然趋势。国内外学者已提出了多种无位置控制方法。通过离线或在线方式测量给定电动机的磁链特性或电感特性，以表格、拟合函数或神经网络的方式建立电动机模型并存储于控制器中，电动机运行过程中实时测量磁链或电感，结合当前相电流，由所建模型推导出转子位置；此方法需要对给定电动机提前建模，限制了其通用性；建模过程与运行过程中的磁链（或电感）测量需对多个变量进行采集与运算，造成误差累积，影响位置检测精度；此外，模型易受电动机老化影响，将增大检测误差。相电流梯度法通过检测电感上升区相电流峰值点，得到该相最小相电感末端转子位置；不适合进行相电流斩波控制；开通角调节范围受限制，角度位置控制时，降低了调速范围。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服已有技术中的不足之处，提供一种开关磁阻电动机分步续流无位置传感器控制方法，通过检测到的最小相电感始端转子位置，直接作为开关磁阻电动机功率变换器该相主开关的开通位置，从而开通功率变换器该相主开关的上管和下管。
本发明的开关磁阻电动机分步续流无位置传感器控制方法，包括电源、开关磁阻电动机绕组、由主开关、二极管构成的功率变换器，将功率变换器中一相主开关的上管S1和下管S2关断，开关磁阻电动机该相绕组进入负电压DC强迫续流状态，其特征在于：
1) 设定该相绕组电流的阈值，检测该相绕组电流i；
2) 当该相绕组电流i下降达到设定阈值时，开通功率变换器该相主开关的下管S2或上管S1，开关磁阻电动机该相绕组进入零电压自然续流状态，该相绕组电流i开始上升；
3) 当该相绕组电流i上升达到峰值时，开关磁阻电动机转子位置为该相最小相电感始端位置b，采集该相最小相电感始端位置b，直接作为开关磁阻电动机功率变换器该相主开关的开通位置 ，开通功率变换器该相主开关的上管S1和下管S2。
有益效果：本发明无需外接额外硬件，无需存储电动机磁链数据，针对采用每相双开关功率变换器的开关磁阻电动机系统，功率变换器一相主开关上管和下管都关断后，开关磁阻电动机该相进入负电压强迫续流状态，通过检测该相电流，当该相电流下降达到设定阈值时开通功率变换器该相主开关下管或上管，开关磁阻电动机该相进入零电压自然续流状态，该相电流开始上升；当该相电流上升达到峰值时，转子位置为该相最小相电感始端位置，直接作为开关磁阻电动机功率变换器该相主开关的开通位置，无需转子位置传感器，开通功率变换器该相主开关上管和下管。无控制方式限制，相电流斩波控制、角度位置控制、PWM控制等均可以实施。实时性强，动态响应性能和稳定性良好，具有较强实用性与通用性，具有广泛的应用前景。对于推广开关磁阻电动机系统应用领域，提高开关磁阻电动机运行可靠性，十分有意义。
附图说明
图1是本发明的开关磁阻电动机系统一相进入负电压强迫续流状态，该相电流续流路径示意图；
图2是本发明的开关磁阻电动机系统开通一相主开关下管S2，该相进入零电压自然续流状态，该相电流续流路径示意图；
图3是本发明的相电感L与相电流i特征示意图；
图4是本发明的开关磁阻电动机系统开通一相主开关上管S1，该相进入零电压自然续流状态，该相电流续流路径示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的实施例作进一步的描述：
实施例一、以采用每相双开关功率变换器的开关磁阻电动机系统为例，
采用电源、开关磁阻电动机绕组、由主开关、二极管构成的功率变换器，将功率变换器一相主开关的上管S1和下管S2都关断，开关磁阻电动机该相进入负电压DC强迫续流状态，设定该相绕组电流的阈值，检测该相电流i，该相电流i续流路径如图1所示；
当该相绕组电流i下降达到设定阈值时开通功率变换器该相主开的关下管S2，开关磁阻电动机该相进入零电压自然续流状态，该相电流i开始上升，该相电流i续流路径如图2所示；
当该相绕组电流i上升达到峰值时，开关磁阻电动机转子位置为该相最小相电感始端位置b，采集该相最小相电感始端位置b，直接作为开关磁阻电动机功率变换器该相主开关的开通位置，无需转子位置传感器，开通功率变换器该相主开关的上管S1和下管S2，相电感L与相电流i特征如图3所示。该相最小相电感末端转子位置c如图3所示。
实施例二、以采用每相双开关功率变换器的开关磁阻电动机系统为例，
采用电源、开关磁阻电动机绕组、由主开关、二极管构成的功率变换器，将功率变换器一相主开关上管S1和下管S2都关断，开关磁阻电动机该相进入负电压DC强迫续流状态，设定该相绕组电流的阈值，检测该相电流i，该相电流i续流路径如图1所示；
当该相绕组电流i下降达到设定阈值时开通功率变换器该相主开关的上管S1，开关磁阻电动机该相进入零电压自然续流状态，该相电流i开始上升，该相电流i续流路径如图4所示；
当该相绕组电流i上升达到峰值时，开关磁阻电动机转子位置为该相最小相电感始端位置b，采集该相最小相电感始端位置b，直接作为开关磁阻电动机功率变换器该相主开关的开通位置，无需转子位置传感器，开通功率变换器该相主开关的上管S1和下管S2，相电感L与相电流i特征如图3所示。该相最小相电感末端转子位置c如图3所示。

Claims (1)

1.开关磁阻电动机分步续流无位置传感器控制方法，包括电源、开关磁阻电动机绕组、由主开关、二极管构成的功率变换器，将功率变换器中一相主开关的上管S1和下管S2关断，开关磁阻电动机该相绕组进入负电压DC强迫续流状态，其特征在于：
1) 设定该相绕组电流的阈值，检测该相绕组电流i；
2) 当该相绕组电流i下降达到设定阈值时，开通功率变换器该相主开关的下管S2或上管S1，开关磁阻电动机该相绕组进入零电压自然续流状态，该相绕组电流i开始上升；
3) 当该相绕组电流i上升达到峰值时，开关磁阻电动机转子位置为该相最小相电感始端位置b，采集该相最小相电感始端位置b，为开关磁阻电动机功率变换器该相主开关的开通位置                                                ，无需转子位置传感器，开通功率变换器该相主开关的上管S1和下管S2。
CN201210403886.5A 2012-10-22 2012-10-22 开关磁阻电动机分步续流无位置传感器控制方法 Active CN102904509B (zh)

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CN201210403886.5A CN102904509B (zh) 2012-10-22 2012-10-22 开关磁阻电动机分步续流无位置传感器控制方法
RU2015113049A RU2614524C2 (ru) 2012-10-22 2013-01-24 Способ управления вентильным реактивным электродвигателем с шаговым свободным ходом и без позиционного датчика
CA2861573A CA2861573C (en) 2012-10-22 2013-01-24 Method for controlling switched reluctance motor with stepped freewheeling and without position sensor
PCT/CN2013/070930 WO2014063453A1 (zh) 2012-10-22 2013-01-24 开关磁阻电动机分步续流无位置传感器控制方法
AU2013334377A AU2013334377B2 (en) 2012-10-22 2013-01-24 Method for controlling switched reluctance motor with stepped freewheeling and without position sensor
US14/344,872 US9281773B2 (en) 2012-10-22 2013-01-24 Position sensorless step-wise freewheeling control method for switched reluctance motor
ZA2015/02691A ZA201502691B (en) 2012-10-22 2015-04-21 Method for controlling switched reluctance motor with stepped freewheeling and without position sensor

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CN101902189A (zh) * 2010-07-28 2010-12-01 南京航空航天大学 一种开关磁阻电机无位置传感器初始定位和起动方法

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