CN102875202A - Wormcast organic mature and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wormcast organic mature and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102875202A CN102875202A CN2012103905285A CN201210390528A CN102875202A CN 102875202 A CN102875202 A CN 102875202A CN 2012103905285 A CN2012103905285 A CN 2012103905285A CN 201210390528 A CN201210390528 A CN 201210390528A CN 102875202 A CN102875202 A CN 102875202A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses wormcast organic mature. The wormcast organic mature consists of the following raw materials in part by mass: 55 to 65 parts of wormcast, 10 to 20 parts of straw, 15 to 25 parts of vegetable cake, and 0 to 10 parts of raw rice rush. The invention discloses a preparation method for the wormcast organic mature. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: mixing 55 to 65 mass parts of stacked wormcast, 10 to 20 mass parts of fermented straw, 15 to 25 mass parts of fermented vegetable cake, and 0 to 10 mass parts of stacked raw rice husk; and keeping in dark places and performing air drying, and adjusting clear water to adjust the total water content to be 25 to 30 percent. The organic mature is comprehensive in nutrient; the contained substances are not needed to be added manually; the mature can be used as the organic mature and also can be used as organic matter for agricultural production; the raw materials are low in cost; the organic mature is easy to prepare; the method is easy to grasp; and the organic mature is suitable to be produced on large scale and popularized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fertilizer preparation field, more specifically relate to a kind of wormcast organic fertilizer, also relate to a kind of wormcast organic fertilizer preparation method, be applicable to the organic vegetable base and need to replenish organic vegetables production field.
Background technology
China have the tradition of manure use material.The Spring and Autumn Period before more than 3000 years, China peasant just begins to use organic fertilizer.Arrived the Han dynasty more than 10 kind of organic fertilizer arranged.Arrived the Qing Dynasty, there has been organic fertilizer kind more than 100 in China.The custom of this manure use material and theory; instructing China peasant in agro-farming in several thousand, protecting soil fertility on the one hand, accomplishing that soil fertility is flourishing long time; form on the other hand the Agricultural recycling economy of no waste discharging, protected agricultural resource and environment.
Modern agriculture uses chemical fertilizer in a large number, and reduces or manure use material not, when increasing considerably grain yield, has also caused hardening of soil, and soil fertility descends, the generation of the situations such as waste of soil erosion and agricultural stalk.Cause the major cause of this situation to have: the one, the production of organic fertilizer, use and relevant supporting technology lag behind.Making and the use of traditional farm manure take a lot of work, time-consuming, labor cost is high, the peasant is unwilling to use.The 2nd, peasant's environmental consciousness is thin, is unwilling to increase input in the Sustainable Production in soil, also is a basic reason.The 3rd, organic fertilizer raw materials for production deficiency or Quality Down make the production of organic fertilizer have certain risk.The industry development of four organic fertilizer is difficult, and most organic fertilizer manufacturing enterprise is that to produce be main, does not have the stable market requirement, is easy to like this cause production became divorced from marketing, and profit is not high in addition, so organic fertilizer manufacturing enterprise has difficulty in walking more.
Existing organic fertilizer mainly with the animal excrement such as chicken manure, pig manure, cow dung by fermentative processing after or add the microbial bacteria auxiliary treatment and make, and the output of Pure organic fertilizer is seldom, great majority are to produce organic-inorganic complex fertilizer as main.Along with people go deep into and acceptance gradually to the understanding of Organic farming, the development of Organic farming is also being accelerated, to 2011 China Organic farming base (passing through Organic certification) reach more than 8500, area reaches more than 200 ten thousand hectares, Pure organic fertilizer need to be used in the organic production base.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be for the prior art above shortcomings, a kind of wormcast organic fertilizer is provided, a kind of wormcast organic fertilizer preparation method also is provided, raw material is sufficient, low price, production technique is simple, and the product fertilizer efficiency of output is stable, lasting, can for the production of the base fertilizer of crop, also can be used for the matrix of planting pot vegetables.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
A kind of wormcast organic fertilizer is comprised of following mass parts raw material:
A kind of wormcast organic fertilizer is comprised of following mass parts raw material:
A kind of wormcast organic fertilizer is comprised of following mass parts raw material:
Wherein, wormcast: wormcast is a kind of black, homogeneous, the class material in small, broken bits of nature Earthy Taste is arranged, and its physical properties determines to have good air permeability, drainage and high water holding capacity by the degree of raw-material character and earthworm digestion.Wormcast is because there being very large surface-area, so that many beneficial microorganism existences, and has good absorption and keeps the ability of nutritive substance, through earthworm digestion, is of value to the formation of water-stable aggregate in the wormcast simultaneously;
Stalk: be beans, potato class, solanaceous vegetables corn and other farm crop remainder behind the results seed;
The dish cake: a kind of for cake fertilizer, for the product after the Semen Brassicae campestris oil expression, can directly purchase from the feed shop;
Raw rice husk: the rice husk that reaches larger coetonium composition for inner glume.
A kind of preparation method of wormcast organic fertilizer is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
The wormcast treatment step: banked up 6-9 days after wormcast sieved into 25-30 purpose wormcast, moisture content is 20%-30% in the control wormcast, and the mass fraction of choosing after banking up is the wormcast of 55-65;
Stalk treatment step: stalk is cut into 1-5 centimetre segment, then layering stacks, every layer thickness is 5-15 centimetre, stack total height and be no more than 0.8 meter, be sprinkled into 10 g/ms straw decomposing inoculant between every layer, the water content of control stalk is 69-78%, cover stalk after stacking with the plastic greenhouse film, sealing fermentation 40-80 days, every turning in 10-20 days once, the mass fraction of choosing after the fermentation is the stalk of 10-20 in the sealing fermenting process;
Dish cake treatment step: the layering of dish cake is stacked, every layer thickness is 5-15 centimetre, always stack and highly be no more than 0.8 meter, spray 50 milliliters/square metre EM fermenting agent between every layer of dish cake, moisture content is 55-65% in the control dish cake, the dish cake after stacking with the covering of plastic greenhouse film, sealing fermentation 40-80 days, every turning in 10-20 days once, the mass fraction of choosing after the fermentation is 15-25 dish cake in the sealing fermenting process;
The raw rice husk treatment step: with raw rice husk dry to water content be below 8%, be tiled in ground, thickness is no more than 10 centimetres, spray 20 g/ms subtilis and 25 g/ms Bacillus thuringiensis, spray that moisture content is 45-55% in the rear control raw rice husk, banked up after mixing 6-9 days, the height that raw rice husk is banked up is no more than 1 meter, and the mass fraction of choosing after banking up is the raw rice husk of 0-10; Mixing step: the wormcast that the mass fraction proportioning is good, stalk, dish cake and raw rice husk mix, and air-dry by lucifuge is 25-30% with adding clear water adjusting total water content.
Wherein, straw decomposing inoculant, Wuhan gold standing grain bio tech ltd is produced 500 g/bags of pulvis;
The EM fermenting agent, Kang Yuan oasis, Beijing biotech firm produces, 2000 milliliters of/bottle aquas;
Subtilis can select Taiwan Biotech Inc. to produce 1,000,000,000 spores/gram wettable powder, 600 times of liquid;
Bacillus thuringiensis, optional with the production of Wuhan Tian favour group, 8000 million international units/milligram Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder, 500 times of liquid.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and beneficial effect
1, nutrient is comprehensive in the organic fertilizer, and the material that contains does not need artificial interpolation.Not only contain the nutritive ingredients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, amino acid, also contain the trace elements such as calcium, sulphur, magnesium, also contain the materials such as a large amount of microorganisms, nutrient is balanced, and fertilizer efficiency is lasting.All raw materials all derive from plantation or cultivation, have utilized the pollution substance of agriculture production, have solved the pollution problem that produces in producing.Product is Pure organic fertilizer, is fit to the production and application with organic vegetable production base and common farm crop.
2, the product of output of the present invention namely can as organic fertilizer, also can then be used for agriculture production as organic matter.Utilized the high air permeability of wormcast, high drainage and high water holding capacity, and nutrient comprehensively, be rich in the characteristics of microorganism, as the long-acting source of manure; Cooperate to add fermentation dish cake, as high nitrogenous source fertilizer source; Utilize fermented stalk and raw rice husk as weighting material, increased the air permeability that fertilizer is arranged and contained water function.
3, raw material involved in the present invention is made organic fertilizer by the technology of simple fermentation, mixing, biological treatment, and raw materials cost is cheap, and is simple to operate, easily grasps, and is fit to large-scale production and marketing.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of wormcast organic fertilizer is comprised of following mass parts raw material:
Wormcast: wormcast is a kind of black, homogeneous, the class material in small, broken bits of nature Earthy Taste is arranged, and its physical properties determines to have good air permeability, drainage and high water holding capacity by the degree of raw-material character and earthworm digestion.Wormcast is because there being very large surface-area, so that many beneficial microorganism existences, and has good absorption and keeps the ability of nutritive substance, through earthworm digestion, is of value to the formation of water-stable aggregate in the wormcast simultaneously.According to the detection of the units such as national Ministry of Agriculture fertilizer Product Quality Verification Centers to wormcast, wormcast Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium is respectively 1.4%, 1%, 1%, contain humic acid 46%, contain 23 seed amino acids, organic content 40%, abundant earthworm fibrinlytic enzyme, every gram wormcast have 105 * 8 beneficial microorganisms (aging soil only has 105-106).With the fermentation cow dung earthworm of throwing something and feeding, by digestive tube the time, the mycoma and the most of bacterium that enter in the body with food are killed, only have fungal spore and part bacterium still to maintain vigour, poky bacterium descends by colony behind the digestive tube, and the fast bacterium that grows, rapidly breeding in digestive tube, the Population in earthworm cast even can surpass quantity when entering the earthworm body.Content of microorganisms is about 100,000,000/gram in the wormcast, and more valuable is to contain at least two kinds of antagonistic microbes.Wormcast of the present invention preferentially is selected from the earthworm of main feeding cow dung and stalk mixed fermentation thing.
Stalk is often referred to beans, potato class, solanaceous vegetables corn and other farm crop remainder behind the results seed.The photosynthetic product of farm crop has over half being present in the stalk, and stalk is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulphur and organic matter etc., is a kind of multiduty reproducible Biological resources that have.Take beanstalk as example, nitrogenous 1.30% in the beanstalk, phosphorus 0.30%, potassium 0.50%, calcium 0.79～1.50%, sulphur 0.23%.Stalk of the present invention preferentially is selected from the beans stalk, and the beans stalk preferentially is selected from the non-transgenic crop.
Dish cake (market purchasing), a kind of for cake fertilizer is the product after the Semen Brassicae campestris oil expression.Nitrogen 4.6% in the dish cake, phosphorus 2.48%, potassium 1.4%, organic content about 80%, and fertilizer efficiency is lasting.
Raw rice husk, by inner glume and larger coetonium the composition, generally long 5-10mm, wide 2.5-5mm, thick 23-30mm, its color and luster are and steal yellow, golden yellow, tawny and red-brown etc.Raw rice husk is nitrogenous 0.48%, and is phosphorous 0.32%, contains potassium 0.27%, carbon containing 36%.Raw rice husk of the present invention preferentially is selected from non-transgenic paddy.
Be provided with two processing residential quarters of the wormcast organic fertilizer (Second Region) of executing common commercial fertilizer (the first district) and using embodiment 1 in the same planting shed, each residential quarter area is 200 square metres, stay an isolation strip (long 50 meters, wide 0.8 meter) between two districts.The N-P-K content 4% of commercial fertilizer (Wuhan Dongxihu District rudder fall the large market of mouthful means of agricultural production), organic 40%, main component is cow dung.
The first district and Second Region all apply fertilizer according to 6 Jin/㎡, and its result is as shown in table 1.All fertilizer all use as base manure, and other field management measures are in full accord.
The first district and Second Region are all unified selects dish to use tomato, garlic, and Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, Plantula Brassicae chinensis, black ice 18 watermelons, fertile farming is rich cowpea early, cucumber, capsicum, white turnip kind.
The tomato of Second Region and the first district relatively output increase by 9%, and diseased plant rate reduces 15%; Garlic yield increases by 7%, and diseased plant rate reduces 13%; Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae output increases by 9%, and diseased plant rate reduces 18%; Leaf vegetables output remains basically stable, and diseased plant rate reduces 12%; The yield of watermelon increases by 6%, and diseased plant rate reduces 15%; Cowpea output increases by 11%, and diseased plant rate reduces 16%; Cucumber yield increases by 8%, and diseased plant rate reduces 16%; Yield of hot pepper increases by 5%, and diseased plant rate reduces 14%; Radish yield increases by 7%, and diseased plant rate reduces 11%, and the mu joint props up 359 yuan.
The wormcast organic fertilizer of table 1 embodiment 1 and the plantation of commercial fertilizer contrast
Embodiment 2:
A kind of wormcast organic fertilizer is comprised of following mass parts raw material:
Be provided with two processing residential quarters of the wormcast organic fertilizer (Second Region) of executing common commercial fertilizer (the first district) and using embodiment 2 in the same planting shed, each residential quarter area is 200 square metres, stay an isolation strip (long 50 meters, wide 0.8 meter) between two districts.The N-P-K content 4% of commercial fertilizer (Wuhan Dongxihu District rudder fall the large market of mouthful means of agricultural production), organic 40%, main component is cow dung.
The first district and Second Region all apply fertilizer according to 6 Jin/㎡, and its result is as shown in table 2.All fertilizer all use as base manure, and other field management measures are in full accord.
The first district and Second Region are all unified selects dish to use tomato, garlic, and Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, Plantula Brassicae chinensis, black ice 18 watermelons, fertile farming is rich cowpea early, cucumber, capsicum, white turnip kind.
The tomato of Second Region and the first district relatively output increase by 9%, and diseased plant rate reduces 18%; Garlic yield increases by 6%, and diseased plant rate reduces 14%; Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae output increases by 8%, and diseased plant rate reduces 26%; Leaf vegetables output increases by 1%, and diseased plant rate reduces 15%; The yield of watermelon increases by 6%, and diseased plant rate reduces 18%; Cowpea output increases by 12%, and diseased plant rate reduces 16%; Cucumber yield increases by 8%, and diseased plant rate reduces 10%; Yield of hot pepper increases by 6%, and diseased plant rate reduces 17%; Radish yield increases by 7%, and diseased plant rate reduces 16%, and the mu joint props up 399 yuan.
The wormcast organic fertilizer of table 2 embodiment 2 and the plantation of commercial fertilizer contrast
Embodiment 3
A kind of wormcast organic fertilizer is comprised of following mass parts raw material:
Be provided with two processing residential quarters of the wormcast organic fertilizer (Second Region) of executing common commercial fertilizer (the first district) and using embodiment 3 in the same planting shed, each residential quarter area is 200 square metres, stay an isolation strip (long 50 meters, wide 0.8 meter) between two districts.The N-P-K content 4% of commercial fertilizer (Wuhan Dongxihu District rudder fall the large market of mouthful means of agricultural production), organic 40%, main component is cow dung.
The wormcast organic fertilizer of table 3 embodiment 3 and the plantation of commercial fertilizer contrast
The first district and Second Region all apply fertilizer according to 6 Jin/㎡, and its result is as shown in table 3.All fertilizer all use as base manure, and other field management measures are in full accord.
The first district and Second Region are all unified selects dish to use tomato, garlic, and Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, Plantula Brassicae chinensis, black ice 18 watermelons, fertile farming is rich cowpea early, cucumber, capsicum, white turnip kind.
The tomato of Second Region and the first district relatively output increase by 12%, and diseased plant rate reduces 25%; Garlic yield increases by 10%, and diseased plant rate reduces 20%; Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae output increases by 12%, and diseased plant rate reduces 37%; Leaf vegetables output increases by 4%, and diseased plant rate reduces 12%; The yield of watermelon increases by 9%, and diseased plant rate reduces 25%; Cowpea output increases by 16%, and diseased plant rate reduces 22%; Cucumber yield increases by 13%, and diseased plant rate reduces 22%; Yield of hot pepper increases by 8%, and diseased plant rate reduces 26%; Radish yield increases by 11%, and diseased plant rate reduces 21%, and the mu joint props up 598 yuan.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of preparation method of wormcast organic fertilizer is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
The wormcast treatment step: banked up 6-9 days after wormcast sieved into 25-30 purpose wormcast, moisture content is 20%-30% in the control wormcast, and the mass fraction of choosing after banking up is the wormcast of 55-65;
Stalk treatment step: stalk is cut into 1-5 centimetre segment, then layering stacks, every layer thickness is 5-15 centimetre, stack total height and be no more than 0.8 meter, be sprinkled into 10 g/ms straw decomposing inoculant between every layer, the water content of control stalk is 69-78%, cover stalk after stacking with the plastic greenhouse film, sealing fermentation 40-80 days, every turning in 10-20 days once, the mass fraction of choosing after the fermentation is the stalk of 10-20 in the sealing fermenting process;
Dish cake treatment step: the layering of dish cake is stacked, every layer thickness is 5-15 centimetre, always stack and highly be no more than 0.8 meter, spray 50 milliliters/square metre EM fermenting agent between every layer of dish cake, moisture content is 55-65% in the control dish cake, the dish cake after stacking with the covering of plastic greenhouse film, sealing fermentation 40-80 days, every turning in 10-20 days once, the mass fraction of choosing after the fermentation is 15-25 dish cake in the sealing fermenting process;
The raw rice husk treatment step: with raw rice husk dry to water content be below 8%, be tiled in ground, thickness is no more than 10 centimetres, spray 20 g/ms subtilis and 25 g/ms Bacillus thuringiensis, spray that moisture content is 45-55% in the rear control raw rice husk, banked up after mixing 6-9 days, the height that raw rice husk is banked up is no more than 1 meter, and the mass fraction of choosing after banking up is the raw rice husk of 0-10;
Mixing step: the wormcast that the mass fraction proportioning is good, stalk, dish cake and raw rice husk mix, and air-dry by lucifuge is 25-30% with adding clear water adjusting total water content.
Above-listed detailed description is that this embodiment limits claim of the present invention for the specifying of possible embodiments of the present invention, and the equivalence that all the present invention of disengaging do is implemented or change, all should be contained in the application's the protection domain.
Claims (4)
1. a wormcast organic fertilizer is characterized in that, is comprised of following mass parts raw material:
The raw materials quality umber
Wormcast 55-65
Stalk 10-20
Dish cake 15-25
Raw rice husk 0-10.
2. a kind of wormcast organic fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is comprised of following mass parts raw material:
The raw materials quality umber
Wormcast 58-62
Stalk 13-17
Dish cake 18-22
Raw rice husk 3-7.
3. a kind of wormcast organic fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is comprised of following mass parts raw material:
The raw materials quality umber
Wormcast 60
Stalk 15
Dish cake 20
Raw rice husk 5.
4. the preparation method of a wormcast organic fertilizer is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
The wormcast treatment step: banked up 6-9 days after wormcast sieved into 25-30 purpose wormcast, moisture content is 20%-30% in the control wormcast, and the mass fraction of choosing after banking up is the wormcast of 55-65;
Stalk treatment step: stalk is cut into 1-5 centimetre segment, then layering stacks, every layer thickness is 5-15 centimetre, stack total height and be no more than 0.8 meter, be sprinkled into 10 g/ms straw decomposing inoculant between every layer, the water content of control stalk is 69-78%, cover stalk after stacking with the plastic greenhouse film, sealing fermentation 40-80 days, every turning in 10-20 days once, the mass fraction of choosing after the fermentation is the stalk of 10-20 in the sealing fermenting process;
Dish cake treatment step: the layering of dish cake is stacked, every layer thickness is 5-15 centimetre, always stack and highly be no more than 0.8 meter, spray 50 milliliters/square metre EM fermenting agent between every layer of dish cake, moisture content is 55-65% in the control dish cake, the dish cake after stacking with the covering of plastic greenhouse film, sealing fermentation 40-80 days, every turning in 10-20 days once, the mass fraction of choosing after the fermentation is 15-25 dish cake in the sealing fermenting process;
The raw rice husk treatment step: with raw rice husk dry to water content be below 8%, be tiled in ground, thickness is no more than 10 centimetres, spray 20 g/ms subtilis and 25 g/ms Bacillus thuringiensis, spray that moisture content is 45-55% in the rear control raw rice husk, banked up after mixing 6-9 days, the height that raw rice husk is banked up is no more than 1 meter, and the mass fraction of choosing after banking up is the raw rice husk of 0-10;
Mixing step: the wormcast that the mass fraction proportioning is good, stalk, dish cake and raw rice husk mix, and air-dry by lucifuge is 25-30% with adding clear water adjusting total water content.
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| CN103641663A (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2014-03-19 | 马鞍山科邦生态肥有限公司 | A fertilizer prepared from wormcast and a preparation method of the fertilizer |
| CN103755493A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-30 | 合肥华创现代农业科技有限公司 | Vermicompost organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103922864A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-07-16 | 娄志 | Organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103641663A (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2014-03-19 | 马鞍山科邦生态肥有限公司 | A fertilizer prepared from wormcast and a preparation method of the fertilizer |
| CN103755493A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-30 | 合肥华创现代农业科技有限公司 | Vermicompost organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103922864A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-07-16 | 娄志 | Organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105994165A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-10-12 | 山东润竹山农业科技有限公司 | Highly-efficient treatment method for cattle manure based on high-density earthworms |
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| CN106105863A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-16 | 吉林北大荒都市农业股份有限公司 | A kind of plant culture soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN106365811A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-01 | 夏百庆 | Special organic fertilizer for rape and preparation method thereof |
| CN107141031A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-09-08 | 钦州市钦南区科学技术情报研究所 | The method that special fertilizer for pitaya is prepared using wormcast |
| CN108059570A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-05-22 | 沈阳华清源农业发展有限公司 | A kind of wormcast biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110563518A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-12-13 | 中施柯朗（天津）污泥治理处理工程股份有限公司 | Wormcast organic fertilizer |
| CN114223616A (en) * | 2021-12-26 | 2022-03-25 | 陕西省生物农业研究所 | Earthworm breeding box |
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| CN102875202B (en) | 2014-03-26 |
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Application publication date: 20130116 Assignee: Hubei Dahe Modern Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. Assignor: Hubei Jinong Walterll Agriculture Co., Ltd. Contract record no.: 2014990000369 Denomination of invention: Wormcast organic mature and preparation method thereof Granted publication date: 20140326 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20140603 |
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