CN102863193A - 一种超轻质泡沫混凝土及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种超轻质泡沫混凝土及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102863193A CN102863193A CN2012103524781A CN201210352478A CN102863193A CN 102863193 A CN102863193 A CN 102863193A CN 2012103524781 A CN2012103524781 A CN 2012103524781A CN 201210352478 A CN201210352478 A CN 201210352478A CN 102863193 A CN102863193 A CN 102863193A
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- gelling material
- water
- foamed concrete
- foam
- mass ratio
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种超轻质泡沫混凝土及其制备方法，包括有以下步骤：将水、胶凝材料、减水剂和玄武岩纤维混合均匀后在120rpm下慢搅2min，再在240rpm下快搅2min；将泡沫与水泥浆混合，并加入羟乙基甲基纤维素醚，在120rpm下搅拌2min，得到浆体；将所得浆体注入模具中，脱模后放入养护室标准养护，静置28d，即得超轻质泡沫混凝土。本发明与现有技术相比具有以下主要的优点：该超轻质泡沫混凝土干密度小，导热系数低，抗压强度高，可以制得防火等级为A级的板材，用于外墙外保温系统中。同时该超轻质泡沫混凝土凝结时间快（小于5小时），表面不易粉化。
Description
一种超轻质泡沬混凝土及其制备方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及建筑材料制备领域，具体涉及一种超轻质泡沫混凝土及其制备方法。背景技术 [0002] 泡沫混凝土是将发泡剂引入砂浆，经成型和养护形成的含大量封闭气孔的轻质混凝土。由于它具有流动度大(工作性好)、质量轻、保温隔热性能好等优点，已被广泛的应用于墙体保温隔热系统、管线回填、路基处理等领域。由于各个领域对泡沫混凝土的性能要求不同，可以制得不同密度的泡沫混凝土。通过改变孔的引入量来控制密度，泡沫混凝土可以充当建筑中的承重、保温、隔断和填充材料，有着巨大的经济意义和良好的发展前景。
[0003] 随着全球能源短缺问题日益严重，我国也出台了一系列节能减排的政策。特别是在房屋建造方面，新建房屋执行节能65%的新标准，从而要求建筑保温材料要有更好的保温隔热能力。泡沫混凝土的保温性能和密度密切相关，保温系数与密度的增加成反比。当泡沫混凝土的密度降到250 kg/m3以下时，保温系数降至O. I W/ Cm · k)左右，满足保温隔热的需要。当泡沫混凝土密度进一步降低时，保温隔热能力也会增加。在另一方面，随着“央视大火”和“上海大火”等火灾事故的发生，中国公安部和消防部发布的[2011]65号文件也明确表明，新建房屋的墙体保温材料应为A级不燃。而现有的有机保温隔热材料难以满足这一方面的要求，本发明提出的泡沫混凝土可以很好的应用到外墙的保温隔热系统中。
[0004] 当超轻质泡沫混凝土应用于墙体材料时，普通硅酸盐基泡沫混凝土凝结时间慢，会导致泡沫混凝土易塌模、下沉；而硫铝酸盐水泥基泡沫混凝土则表面容易粉化，使其与粘结砂浆之间粘结不紧，从而影响整个保温系统的安全性与稳定性。再加上超轻质泡沫混凝土密度降低至一定程度时，强度会偏低，这些都妨碍了超轻质泡沫混凝土的生产应用。本发明针对超轻质泡沫混凝土的这些问题，提出从原材料和生产工艺两方面进行控制来改善超轻质泡沫混凝土强度偏低、表面易粉化等生产实际问题。
[0005]目前，利用快硬水泥与发泡剂等原料制备泡沫混凝土的研究国内外已有相关报道。如专利《硫铝酸盐水泥发泡剂和硫铝酸盐水泥泡沫混凝土》（CN 1887772A)公开了一种泡沫混凝土，将硫铝酸盐水泥与发泡剂机械搅拌形成的泡沫混合得到泡沫混凝土。专利《一种阻燃保温泡沫混凝土及其制备方法》（CN 102153364 A)采用水泥、矿粉、粉煤灰等作为胶凝材料，加入纤维素醚、减水剂、聚丙烯纤维等和水制成水泥浆，加入泡沫，硬化成型后即制得泡沫混凝土。由于这些技术所产的泡沫混凝土存在密度过高(一般大于500kg/m3)、保温性能差的问题，难以替代现有的墙体保温材料。而专利《一种超低密度泡沫混凝土及其制备方法》（CN 102153363)公开的泡沫混凝土将硫铝酸盐水泥与稳泡剂、水预先搅拌得到水泥浆，再加入化学发泡剂进行混合搅拌，静置发泡、自然成型即得到产品。该泡沫混凝土密度在13(Tl50kg/m3之间，但生成的泡沫混凝土存在抗压强度偏低，表面易粉化，而且由于采用化学发泡，不易控制发泡过程与气泡大小等问题。因此，发明一种密度低、抗压强度高、表面不易粉化的泡沫混凝土具有重要意义和实际需求。发明内容
[0006] 本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提供一种超轻质泡沫混凝土的制备方法；该泡沫混凝土具有密度低（120kg/nTl80kg/m3)、强度高（O. 3Mpa以上)、表面不易粉化、凝结时间快(小于5小时）等特点。
[0007] 本发明解决其技术问题采用以下技术方案：一种超轻质泡沫混凝土，其特征在于其组分包括胶凝材料、水、羟乙基甲基纤维素醚、玄武岩纤维、泡沫和减水剂，所述的胶凝材料由42. 5铁铝酸盐水泥和粒化高炉矿渣按质量比为7〜9:1组成，所述的水与胶凝材料重量比为O. 37、. 45，所述的羟乙基甲基纤维素醚为胶凝材料质量O. 029Γ0. 2%，所述的玄武岩纤维为胶凝材料质量比的O. 19Γ0. 3%，所述的减水剂为胶凝材料质量比的O. 19Γ0. 4%，所述的泡沫为胶凝材料质量的69Tl3%。 [0008] 按上述方案，所述的泡沫的制备方法是：将发泡剂、水以1:30质量比在电动网状机械发泡机中混合，并在200(T4000rpm下机械搅拌，进行充分发泡。
[0009] 按上述方案，所述的粒化高炉矿渣为采用符合国家标准GB/T 203-2008的粒化高炉矿渣。
[0010] 按上述方案，所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂，其固含量为20%，质量百分比计。
[0011] 按上述方案，所述的发泡剂为松香与动物蛋白复合表面活性剂按质量比为（3飞）：I的混合物。
[0012] 按上述方案，所述玄武岩纤维长度范围为6〜18mm。
[0013] 按上述方案，所述的羟乙基甲基纤维素醚的粘度范围为5000(Tl00000mPa*S。
[0014] 本发明的超轻质泡沫混凝土的制备方法，包括有以下步骤：
1)取料：取胶凝材料、水、羟乙基甲基纤维素醚、玄武岩纤维、泡沫和减水剂，所述的胶凝材料由42. 5铁铝酸盐水泥和粒化高炉矿渣按质量比为7〜9:1组成，所述的水与胶凝材料重量比为O. 37、. 45，所述的羟乙基甲基纤维素醚为胶凝材料质量O. 029Γ0. 2%，所述的玄武岩纤维为胶凝材料质量比的O. 19Π). 3%，所述的减水剂为胶凝材料质量比的O. 19Π). 4%，所述的泡沫为胶凝材料质量的6°/Γΐ3% ；
2)水泥浆的制备：将水、胶凝材料、减水剂和玄武岩纤维混合均匀后在120rpm下慢搅2min,再在 240rpm 下快揽 2min ；
3)混合料的制备：将泡沫与步骤2)所得的水泥浆混合，并加入羟乙基甲基纤维素醚，在120rpm下搅拌2min,得到衆体；
4)成型：将所得浆体注入模具中，脱模后放入养护室标准养护，静置28d，即得超轻质泡沫混凝土。
[0015] 按上述方案，所述的泡沫的制备方法是：将发泡剂、水以1:30质量比在电动网状机械发泡机中混合，并在200(T4000rpm下机械搅拌，进行充分发泡。
[0016] 本发明中各原材料的作用为：胶凝材料由铁铝酸盐水泥与粒化高炉矿渣按比例组成，与水反应，生成C-S-H凝胶、AH3凝胶、钙矾石和Ca(OH)2等，提供泡沫混凝土的基础骨架。由于超轻质泡沫混凝土孔隙率大、气孔多，使得浆体在浇筑成型的塑性阶段易发生塌模、下沉等现象。一方面加入快硬的铁铝酸盐水泥可以增强浆体的早期强度，提高泡沫混凝土的支撑骨架；另一方面，与硫铝酸盐水泥基相比，加入铁铝酸盐水泥制得的低密度泡沫混凝土不易粉化，使得泡沫混凝土作为保温层与粘结层的结合更为紧密；再者，铁铝酸盐水泥有微膨胀的特性，能够补偿泡沫混凝土由于泡沫破灭以及水泥水化收缩引起的体系收缩情况。加入粒化高炉矿渣提高泡沫混凝土的耐磨性，同时与铁铝酸盐水泥水化形成的碱性环境（pH在12〜13之间）反应，具有水化活性提高强度，同时也可以作为微集料填充骨架孔隙。减水剂的作用一方面可以减少浆体的用水量，从而加快泡沫混凝土的凝结时间，细化毛细孔，另一方面起到分散浆体的作用，从而改善由于重力作用下浆体的沉降引起泡沫混凝土的不均匀问题。发泡剂的功能在于在高速搅拌下，形成憎水基团向外，憎油基团向内的稳定的气泡。玄武岩纤维的加入可以阻止泡沫混凝土内微裂纹的扩展，并由呈空间分布的纤维将泡沫混凝土的人工孔“串”起来，吸收应力并提供额外的强度，从而改善泡沫混凝土的抗压强度与抗裂性。纤维素醚可以增加粘度，加强泡沫的强度，提高泡沫的稳定性，进一步减少由于泡沫破裂而产生的坍塌、下沉。制备工艺上，在泡沫与浆体混合之后再加入纤维素醚，从而避免了纤维素醚直接加入水泥浆中，大幅增加水泥浆粘度，使泡沫大量破灭的情况的发生，而且充分发挥纤维素醚提高泡沫稳定性的优点。
[0017] 本发明与现有技术相比具有以下主要的优点：
该超轻质泡沫混凝土干密度小，导热系数低，抗压强度高，可以制得防火等级为A级的 板材，用于外墙外保温系统中。同时该超轻质泡沫混凝土凝结时间快(小于5小时)，表面不易粉化。
具体实施方式
[0018] 下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但不仅仅局限于下面的实例。
[0019] 实施例I :
本发明所述的胶凝材料由42. 5铁铝酸盐水泥和粒化高炉矿渣按质量比为9:1组成，粒化高炉矿渣为采用符合国家标准GB/T 203-2008的粒化高炉矿渣，所述的水与胶凝材料重量比为O. 4，所述的羟乙基甲基纤维素醚为胶凝材料质量O. 04%，所述的羟乙基甲基纤维素醚的粘度范围为5000(Tl00000mPa*S，所述的玄武岩纤维为胶凝材料质量比O. 2%，玄武岩纤维长度范围为6〜18mm，所述的减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂，采用的是武汉华轩高新技术有限公司生产的KH-5聚羧酸减水剂(其主要组分是聚羧酸，减水率为30%，下同)，其固含量为20%，其为胶凝材料质量比为O. 2%，所述的发泡剂为松香与动物蛋白复合表面活性剂按质量比为4 ：1的混合物,制得的泡沫为胶凝材料质量比为11%。
[0020] I)水泥浆的制备：按配比称取定量的水200g、铁铝酸盐水泥450g、粒化高炉矿S 50g、减水剂lg、玄武岩纤维Ig,混合均勻后在120rpm下慢搅2min,并在240rpm下快搅2min。
[0021] 2)泡沫的制备：将I. 8g发泡剂与54g水混合，在200(T4000rpm高速搅拌，使浆体充分发泡，得到55. 8g泡沫。
[0022] 3)混合料的制备：将制得的泡沫与水泥浆混合，并加入羟乙基甲基纤维素醚O. 2g,在 120rpm 下慢搅 2min。
[0023] 4)成型：将所得浆体注入模具中，放入养护室标准养护，静置28d，即得超轻质泡沫混凝土。
[0024] 测定所得超轻质泡沫混凝土拆模时间为3. 5小时，密度为160 kg/m3，28d强度为O. 3IMpa,导热系数为 O. 07W/ (m · k)。[0025] 实施例2 ：
本发明所述的所述的胶凝材料由42. 5铁铝酸盐水泥和粒化高炉矿渣按质量比为9:1组成，粒化高炉矿渣为采用符合国家标准GB/T 203-2008的粒化高炉矿渣，所述的水与胶凝材料重量比为O. 33，所述的羟乙基甲基纤维素醚为胶凝材料质量O. 06%，所述的羟乙基甲基纤维素醚的粘度范围为5000(Tl00000mPa*S，所述的玄武岩纤维为胶凝材料质量比O. 3%，所述的减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂，其固含量为20%,其为胶凝材料质量比为O. 2%，所述的发泡剂为松香与动物蛋白复合表面活性剂按质量比为3 ：1的混合物，制得的泡沫与胶凝材料质量比为12%。
[0026] I)水泥浆的制备：按配比称取定量的水165g、铁铝酸盐水泥450g、粒化高炉矿渣 50g、减水剂lg、玄武岩纤维I. 5g,混合均勻后在120rpm下慢搅2min,并在240rpm下快搅2min。
[0027] 2)泡沫的制备：将2g发泡剂与60g水混合，在200(T4000rpm高速搅拌，使浆体充分发泡，得到62g泡沫。
[0028] 3)混合料的制备：将制得的泡沫与水泥浆混合，并加入羟乙基甲基纤维素醚O. 3g,在 120rpm 下慢搅 2min。
[0029] 4)成型：将所得浆体注入模具中，放入养护室标准养护，静置28d，即得超轻质泡沫混凝土。
[0030] 测定所得超轻质泡沫混凝土拆模时间为4小时，密度为130 kg/m3，28d强度为O. 3Mpa，导热系数为 O. 06W/ (m · k)。
[0031] 实施例3:
本发明所述的胶凝材料由42. 5铁铝酸盐水泥和粒化高炉矿渣按质量比为7. 3:1组成，粒化高炉矿渣为采用符合国家标准GB/T 203-2008的粒化高炉矿渣，所述的水与胶凝材料重量比为O. 45，所述的羟乙基甲基纤维素醚为胶凝材料质量O. 02%，所述的羟乙基甲基纤维素醚的粘度范围为5000(Tl00000mPa*s，所述的玄武岩纤维为胶凝材料质量比O. 1%，所述的减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂，其固含量为20%，其为胶凝材料质量比为O. 4%，所述的发泡剂为松香与动物蛋白复合表面活性剂按质量比为6 ：1的混合物，制得的泡沫与胶凝材料质量比为6% ο
[0032] I)水泥浆的制备：按配比称取定量的水225g、铁铝酸盐水泥440g、粒化高炉矿渣60g、减水剂2g、纤维O. 5g,混合均勻后在120rpm下慢搅2min,并在240rpm下快搅2min。
[0033] 2)泡沫的制备：将Ig发泡剂与30g水混合，在200(T4000rpm高速搅拌，使浆体充分发泡。
[0034] 3)混合料的制备：将泡沫与水泥浆混合，并加入羟乙基甲基纤维素醚O. lg、早强剂IOg,在120rpm下慢搅2min。
[0035] 4)成型：将所得浆体注入模具中，放入养护室标准养护，静置28d，即得超轻质泡沫混凝土。
[0036] 测定所得超轻质泡沫混凝土拆模时间为3小时，密度为250 kg/m3, 28d强度为O. 8Mpa，导热系数为 O. 055W/ (m · k)。
[0037] 实施例4 ：
本发明所述的胶凝材料由42. 5铁铝酸盐水泥和粒化高炉矿渣按质量比为7. 3:1组成，粒化高炉矿渣为采用符合国家标准GB/T 203-2008的粒化高炉矿渣，所述的水与胶凝材料重量比为O. 36，所述的羟乙基甲基纤维素醚为胶凝材料质量O. 06%，所述的羟乙基甲基纤维素醚的粘度范围为5000(Tl00000mPa*s，所述的玄武岩纤维为胶凝材料质量比O. 3%，所述的减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂，其固含量为20%，其为胶凝材料质量比为O. 3%，所述的发泡剂为松香与动物蛋白复合表面活性剂按质量比为3 ：1的混合物，制得的泡沫与胶凝材料质量比为8. 4%ο
[0038] I)水泥浆的制备：按配比称取定量的水180g、铁铝酸盐水泥440g、粒化高炉矿渣60g、减水剂I. 5g、纤维I. 5g,混合均勻后在120rpm下慢搅2min,并在240rpm下快搅2min。
[0039] 2)泡沫的制备：将I. 4g发泡剂与42g水混合，在200(T4000rpm搅拌，使浆体充分
发泡。
[0040] 3)混合料的制备：将制得的泡沫与水泥浆混合，并加入羟乙基甲基纤维素醚O. 3g,在 240rpm 下搅拌 2min。
[0041] 4)成型：将所得浆体注入模具中，放入养护室标准养护，静置28d，即得超轻质泡沫混凝土。
[0042] 测定所得超轻质泡沫混凝土拆模时间为3小时，密度为180 kg/m3，28d强度为O. 55Mpa，导热系数为 O. 07W/ (m · k)。
[0043] 实施例5 ：
本发明所述的胶凝材料由42. 5铁铝酸盐水泥和粒化高炉矿渣按质量比为10:1组成，粒化高炉矿渣为采用符合国家标准GB/T 203-2008的粒化高炉矿渣，所述的水与胶凝材料重量比为O. 37，所述的羟乙基甲基纤维素醚为胶凝材料质量O. 12%，所述的羟乙基甲基纤维素醚的粘度范围为5000(Tl00000mPa*s，所述的玄武岩纤维为胶凝材料质量比O. 2%，所述的减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂，其固含量为20%，其为胶凝材料质量比为O. 3%，所述的发泡剂为松香与动物蛋白复合表面活性剂按质量比为4 ：1的混合物，制得的泡沫与胶凝材料质量比为8% ο
[0044] I)水泥浆的制备：按配比称取定量的水185g、铁铝酸盐水泥445g、粒化高炉矿渣55g、减水剂I. 5g、纤维Ig,混合均勻后在120rpm下慢搅2min,并在240rpm下快搅2min。
[0045] 2)泡沫的制备：将I. 3g发泡剂与39g水混合，在200(T4000rpm搅拌，使浆体充分发泡。
[0046] 3)混合料的制备：将制得的泡沫与水泥浆混合，并加入羟乙基甲基纤维素醚O. 6g,在 240rpm 下搅拌 2min。
[0047] 4)成型：将所得浆体注入模具中，放入养护室标准养护，静置28d，即得超轻质泡沫混凝土。
[0048] 测定所得超轻质泡沫混凝土拆模时间为3小时，密度为200 kg/m3，28d强度为O. 58Mpa，导热系数为 O. 07W/ (m · k)。
[0049] 本发明所列举的各原料，以及本发明各原料的上下限、区间取值，以及工艺参数的上下限、区间取值都能实现本发明，在此不一一列举实施例。
Claims (9)
1. ー种超轻质泡沫混凝土，其特征在于其组分包括胶凝材料、水、羟こ基甲基纤维素醚、玄武岩纤维、泡沫和减水剂，所述的胶凝材料由42. 5铁铝酸盐水泥和粒化高炉矿渣按质量比为7〜9:1组成，所述的水与胶凝材料重量比为O. 37、. 45，所述的羟こ基甲基纤维素醚为胶凝材料质量O. 029Γ0. 2%，所述的玄武岩纤维为胶凝材料质量比的O. 19Γ0. 3%，所述的减水剂为胶凝材料质量比的O. 19Γ0. 4%，所述的泡沫为胶凝材料质量的6°/Γΐ3%。
2.按权利要求I所述的超轻质泡沫混凝土，其特征在于：所述的泡沫的制备方法是：将发泡剂、水以1:30质量比在电动网状机械发泡机中混合，并在200(T4000rpm下机械搅拌，进行充分发泡。
3.如权利要求I或2所述的超轻质泡沫混凝土，其特征在于所述的粒化高炉矿渣为采用符合国家标准GB/T 203-2008的粒化高炉矿渣。
4.如权利要求I或2所述的超轻质泡沫混凝土，其特征在于所述減水剂为聚羧酸减水齐U，其固含量为20%，质量百分比计。
5.如权利要求2所述的超轻质泡沫混凝土，其特征在于所述的发泡剂为松香与动物蛋白复合表面活性剂按质量比为（3飞）：1的混合物。
6.如权利要求I或2所述的超轻质泡沫混凝土，其特征在于所述玄武岩纤维长度范围为6〜18mm。
7.如权利要求I或2所述的超轻质泡沫混凝土，其特征在于所述的羟こ基甲基纤维素醚的粘度范围为5000(Tl00000mPa*s。
8.权利要求I所述的超轻质泡沫混凝土的制备方法，包括有以下步骤： 1)取料：取胶凝材料、水、羟こ基甲基纤维素醚、玄武岩纤维、泡沫和减水剂，所述的胶凝材料由42. 5铁铝酸盐水泥和粒化高炉矿渣按质量比为7〜9:1组成，所述的水与胶凝材料重量比为O. 37、. 45，所述的羟こ基甲基纤维素醚为胶凝材料质量O. 029Γ0. 2%，所述的玄武岩纤维为胶凝材料质量比的O. 19Π). 3%，所述的减水剂为胶凝材料质量比的O. 19Π). 4%，所述的泡沫为胶凝材料质量的6°/Γΐ3% ； 2)水泥浆的制备：将水、胶凝材料、减水剂和玄武岩纤维混合均匀后在120rpm下慢搅2min,再在 240rpm 下快揽 2min ； 3)混合料的制备：将泡沫与步骤2)所得的水泥浆混合，并加入羟こ基甲基纤维素醚，在120rpm下搅拌2min,得到衆体； 4)成型：将所得浆体注入模具中，脱模后放入养护室标准养护，静置28d，即得超轻质泡沫混凝土。
9.按权利要求7所述的超轻质泡沫混凝土的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的泡沫的制备方法是：将发泡剂、水以1:30质量比在电动网状机械发泡机中混合，并在200(T4000rpm下机械搅拌，进行充分发泡。
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