CN102860439B - Sugarcane leaf briquetting feed for cattle and sheep and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sugarcane leaf briquetting feed for cattle and sheep and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种甘蔗叶牛羊压块饲料及其制备方法，包括甘蔗叶预处理、混合和挤压成形的工艺流程，常温加工制作甘蔗叶牛羊压块饲料，其特征在于：普通型饲料主要原料组成和配比数是：甘蔗叶900-1000份；尿素28-30份；盐4-5份；碳酸氢钠4-5份；糖蜜8-10份；微生物制剂0.30-0.35份；水100-150份。在普通型饲料原料基础上，添加酵母粉20-30份；糠夫50-60份；饼粕75-90份；石粉4-6份和微量元素≤1份再制成全混合日粮。本发明营养价值高，适口性好，质量稳定，运输、储存和饲喂方便，能专业化生产，充分利用饲料资源，解决集约化养殖牛、羊饲料短缺矛盾，降低圈养牛、羊饲料成本，提高养殖的经济效益。The invention discloses a briquette feed for cattle and sheep with sugarcane leaves and a preparation method thereof, comprising the technological process of pretreatment, mixing and extrusion of sugarcane leaves, processing and making briquette feed for cattle and sheep with sugarcane leaves at normal temperature, and is characterized in that: common type The composition and ratio of the main raw materials of the feed are: 900-1000 parts of sugarcane leaves; 28-30 parts of urea; 4-5 parts of salt; 4-5 parts of sodium bicarbonate; 8-10 parts of molasses; 0.30-0.35 parts of microbial preparations; 100-150 parts of water. On the basis of ordinary feed materials, add 20-30 parts of yeast powder; 50-60 parts of chaff; 75-90 parts of cake; 4-6 parts of stone powder and ≤1 part of trace elements to make a full mixed diet. The invention has high nutritional value, good palatability, stable quality, convenient transportation, storage and feeding, can be specialized in production, makes full use of feed resources, solves the problem of shortage of intensive cattle and sheep feed, and reduces the cost of cattle and sheep feed in captivity , improve the economic benefits of farming.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于饲料加工技术领域，涉及一种甘蔗叶牛羊压块饲料及其制备方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, and relates to a sugarcane leaf cattle and sheep briquette feed and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
甘蔗是我国南方热带和亚热带地区种植的主要经济作物，其收获后的副产品甘蔗叶每年总产量达数千万吨，具有产量大、产地集中、易于收购和成本低等特点，且甘蔗叶富含糖分、粗纤维和维生素等营养物质。经测定，每千克甘蔗叶(干物质)含消化能5.68MJ/kg，粗蛋白3—6％，无氮浸出物35—43％是一种饲养牛、羊的丰富饲料资源；特别是在甘蔗收获期(11月至翌年4月)正是南方枯草期，利用甘蔗叶作青粗饲料可解决养羊越冬渡春青饲料不足矛盾。但是，由于甘蔗叶体积大，水分、粗纤维含量高，不易贮存，使甘蔗叶利用率很低，大部分作燃料处理，有相当数量被毁弃田间或直接焚烧污染环境。目前，利用甘蔗叶养殖牛、羊的利用率仅占20—30%，而通过氨化或微生物发酵等处理养畜更少。甘蔗叶养畜利用率低的原因：一是由于甘蔗叶未经处理直接喂牛、羊，其消化率和粗蛋白含量低、适口性差，不能满足牛羊生长发育的营养需要；而采用氨化、微生物发酵等处理需专业技术和设备，且处理麻烦、运输不便，成为产业化推广应用甘蔗叶养畜的瓶颈。因此，为充分利用当地饲料资源发展养殖业，急需开发出一种既能提高甘蔗叶的营养价值和适口性，又耐储存、运输和饲喂方便的处理方法，以解决集约化圈养牛、羊饲料资源严重短缺的问题，促进牛、羊养殖业的发展。Sugarcane is the main economic crop planted in the tropical and subtropical regions of southern my country. The total annual output of the by-product sugarcane leaves after harvest reaches tens of millions of tons. It has the characteristics of large output, concentrated production area, easy acquisition and low cost. Nutrients such as sugar, crude fiber and vitamins. It has been determined that every kilogram of sugarcane leaves (dry matter) contains 5.68MJ/kg of digestible energy, 3-6% of crude protein, and 35-43% of nitrogen-free extract. It is a rich feed resource for raising cattle and sheep; especially in sugarcane The harvest period (November to April of the following year) is the withered grass period in the south. Using sugarcane leaves as green roughage can solve the problem of insufficient feed for sheep to survive the winter and spend the spring. However, due to the large volume of sugarcane leaves, high moisture and crude fiber content, they are not easy to store, so the utilization rate of sugarcane leaves is very low. Most of them are treated as fuel, and a considerable number of them are destroyed and abandoned in the field or directly burned to pollute the environment. At present, the utilization rate of raising cattle and sheep with sugarcane leaves only accounts for 20-30%, and even fewer animals are raised through ammoniation or microbial fermentation. The reasons for the low utilization rate of sugarcane leaves for raising livestock: First, because sugarcane leaves are directly fed to cattle and sheep without treatment, their digestibility and crude protein content are low, and their palatability is poor, which cannot meet the nutritional needs of the growth and development of cattle and sheep; Processing such as microbial fermentation requires professional technology and equipment, and the processing is cumbersome and inconvenient to transport, which has become a bottleneck for industrialized promotion and application of sugarcane leaves for livestock raising. Therefore, in order to make full use of local feed resources to develop aquaculture, it is urgent to develop a treatment method that can not only improve the nutritional value and palatability of sugarcane leaves, but also be resistant to storage, transportation and feeding, so as to solve the problem of intensive breeding of cattle, The serious shortage of sheep feed resources will promote the development of cattle and sheep breeding industry.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是：针对目前甘蔗叶处理方法中存在的运输、储存不便和营养价值低等问题，开发出一种既能提高甘蔗叶的营养价值和适口性，又耐储存、运输和饲喂方便的甘蔗叶牛羊压块饲料及其制备方法。The purpose of the present invention is to develop a method that can not only improve the nutritional value and palatability of sugarcane leaves, but also be resistant to storage, convenient for transportation and feeding, aiming at the problems of inconvenient transportation, storage and low nutritional value in the current sugarcane leaf treatment methods. The sugarcane leaf cattle and sheep briquette feed and the preparation method thereof.
本发明的技术方案是：Technical scheme of the present invention is:
本发明采用小型设备将甘蔗叶先经预处理，然后根据饲养牛羊的营养需要和充分利用当地饲料资源，选择性添加矿物质、尿素、微生物制剂、糖蜜和糠夫、饼粕等原料，再经液压饲草打捆机进行压缩制成块状饲料，为集约化圈养牛、羊生产一种专业化、商品化的普通型压块饲料或全混合日粮型压块饲料。The present invention uses small-scale equipment to pretreat the sugarcane leaves first, and then selectively adds raw materials such as minerals, urea, microbial preparations, molasses, bran, and cakes according to the nutritional needs of raising cattle and sheep and making full use of local feed resources, and then It is compressed into block feed by hydraulic forage baler, and produces a specialized and commercialized common type briquette feed or fully mixed ration type briquette feed for intensive captive cattle and sheep.
本发明目的通过以下技术方案来实现：The object of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种甘蔗叶牛羊压块饲料，包括甘蔗叶预处理、混合和压块工序，常温加工得到甘蔗叶牛羊压块饲料，其特征在于：普通型主要原料组成和重量份数是：甘蔗叶900-1000份；尿素28—30份；盐4—5份；碳酸氢钠4—5份；糖蜜8-10份；微生物制剂0.30—0.35份；水100—150份。A sugarcane leaf briquette feed for cattle and sheep, including sugarcane leaf pretreatment, mixing and briquetting processes, processed at room temperature to obtain sugarcane leaf briquette feed for cattle and sheep, characterized in that: the composition and weight parts of the main raw materials of the common type are: sugarcane leaf 900-1000 parts; 28-30 parts of urea; 4-5 parts of salt; 4-5 parts of sodium bicarbonate; 8-10 parts of molasses; 0.30-0.35 parts of microbial preparations; 100-150 parts of water.
以上所述的普通型饲料原料组成和重量份数是：甘蔗叶1000份；尿素30份；盐5份；碳酸氢钠5份；糖蜜9份；微生物制剂0.35份；水100份。The composition and parts by weight of the above-mentioned common feed material are: 1000 parts of sugarcane leaves; 30 parts of urea; 5 parts of salt; 5 parts of sodium bicarbonate; 9 parts of molasses; 0.35 parts of microbial preparation;
以上所述的甘蔗叶牛羊压块普通型饲料，进一步地添加营养成分制成全混合日粮型饲料，主要原料组成和重量份数是：甘蔗叶900—1000份；尿素28—30份；盐4—5份；碳酸氢钠4—5份；糖蜜8.5—9.5份；微生物制剂0.30—0.35份；酵母粉20—30份；糠夫50—60份；饼粕75—90份；石粉4—6份；微量元素≤1份；水100—200份。以上所述的全混合日粮型饲料原料组成和重量份数是：甘蔗叶1000份；尿素30份；盐5份；碳酸氢钠5份；糖蜜9份；微生物制剂0.35份；酵母粉25份；糠夫55份；饼粕80份；石粉5份和微量元素≤1份；水100份。The above-mentioned sugarcane leaf cattle and sheep briquette common type feed is further added with nutrients to make a full mixed diet type feed. The main raw material composition and parts by weight are: 900-1000 parts of sugarcane leaves; 28-30 parts of urea; 4-5 parts of salt; 4-5 parts of sodium bicarbonate; 8.5-9.5 parts of molasses; 0.30-0.35 parts of microbial preparations; 20-30 parts of yeast powder; — 6 parts; trace elements ≤ 1 part; water 100-200 parts. The composition and parts by weight of the above-mentioned full mixed diet type feed material are: 1000 parts of sugarcane leaves; 30 parts of urea; 5 parts of salt; 5 parts of sodium bicarbonate; 9 parts of molasses; 0.35 parts of microbial preparation; 25 parts of yeast powder ; 55 parts of bran; 80 parts of cake; 5 parts of stone powder and ≤ 1 part of trace elements; 100 parts of water.
以上所述的甘蔗叶的水分含量控制在40—65%范围。The moisture content of above-mentioned sugarcane leaf is controlled in 40-65% scope.
以上所述的微生物主要是乳酸杆菌0.004份；枯草芽孢杆菌0.002份；地衣芽孢杆菌0.002份；酵母菌0.002份；糖蜜0.09份加水0.20—0.25份充分溶解，配成0.30—0.35份微生物制剂，常温下2—4小时复活。The microorganisms mentioned above are mainly 0.004 parts of Lactobacillus; 0.002 parts of Bacillus subtilis; 0.002 parts of Bacillus licheniformis; 0.002 parts of yeast; The next 2-4 hours to revive.
以上所述的饼粕主要是花生饼（粕）添加。The cake mentioned above is mainly added by peanut cake (meal).
以上所述的微量元素主要由硫酸锰≤0.015份；氧化锌≤0.005份；硫酸铜≤0.005份；硫酸亚铁≤0.015份；氧化镁≤0.250份组成。The trace elements mentioned above are mainly composed of manganese sulfate≤0.015 parts; zinc oxide≤0.005 parts; copper sulfate≤0.005 parts; ferrous sulfate≤0.015 parts; magnesium oxide≤0.250 parts.
以上所述的甘蔗叶牛羊压块饲料的制备方法，包括甘蔗叶水分调节（凉晒）、揉搡、铡短预处理，再在经预处理的甘蔗叶上均匀愤洒尿素、盐、糖蜜、微生物制剂，随后经压块成形获到普通型甘蔗叶牛羊压块饲料；若再添加糠夫、饼粕、酵母、微量元素预混料和石粉等混合均匀，最后挤压成形可生产全混合日粮型甘蔗叶牛羊压块饲料，其主要操作步骤是：The preparation method of the above-mentioned sugarcane leaf cattle and sheep briquette feed includes sugarcane leaf moisture adjustment (cooling), kneading, and shortening pretreatment, and then evenly spraying urea, salt, and molasses on the pretreated sugarcane leaves. , microbial preparations, and then through briquetting to obtain ordinary sugarcane leaf cattle and sheep briquette feed; if bran, cake, yeast, trace element premix and stone powder are added to mix evenly, and finally extruded to produce whole feed The main operation steps of the mixed ration type sugarcane leaf cattle and sheep briquette feed are:
（1）甘蔗叶预处理：先将收获新鲜甘蔗叶采用市售揉搡机和铡切机分别揉搡，铡短至3—5cm长，并调节甘蔗叶水分；(1) Pretreatment of sugarcane leaves: Firstly, the harvested fresh sugarcane leaves are kneaded separately with a commercially available kneading machine and a guillotine cutter, and the guillotine is shortened to 3-5cm long, and the water content of the sugarcane leaves is adjusted;
（2）微生物制剂准备：在处理甘蔗叶前，将微生物制剂倒入100份水中混合均匀，喷洒在甘蔗叶上即可；(2) Preparation of microbial preparations: before treating sugarcane leaves, pour microbial preparations into 100 parts of water, mix evenly, and spray on sugarcane leaves;
（3）营养物质添加与混合：普通型甘蔗叶块状饲料制作，将微生物制剂、尿素、盐、碳酸氢钠和糖蜜溶解于水后，均匀喷洒在甘蔗叶上；全混合日粮型饲料除添加上述原料外，还需添加酵母粉、糠夫、饼粕、石粉和微量元素与甘蔗叶采用市售卧式混合机混合5—10分钟；(3) Nutrient addition and mixing: common sugarcane leaf block feed is made, microbial preparations, urea, salt, sodium bicarbonate and molasses are dissolved in water, and evenly sprayed on sugarcane leaves; full mixed diet type feed is removed In addition to adding the above raw materials, yeast powder, bran, cake, stone powder and trace elements need to be added and sugarcane leaves are mixed with a commercially available horizontal mixer for 5-10 minutes;
（4）甘蔗叶压块：将经步骤（3）混合处理后甘蔗叶装入市售的液压饲草打捆机的压缩箱中，通过机械运动，把甘蔗叶压制成方块状牛、羊饲料，重量为40-50公斤/块；(4) Sugarcane leaf briquetting: Put the sugarcane leaves mixed in step (3) into the compression box of a commercially available hydraulic forage baler, and press the sugarcane leaves into square-shaped cattle and sheep through mechanical movement Feed, the weight is 40-50 kg/block;
（5）饲喂：经压块后的甘蔗叶储存15—20天后，供饲用或销售；每天需按牛1.5—3公斤、羊0.1—0.2公斤饲喂，普通型压块饲料另补充常规饲喂的精料。(5) Feeding: After briquetting sugarcane leaves are stored for 15-20 days, they will be used for feeding or for sale; they need to be fed 1.5-3 kg for cattle and 0.1-0.2 kg for sheep every day, and ordinary briquette feed should be supplemented with conventional feed. feed concentrate.
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点和积极效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
1、运输、储存和饲喂方便。甘蔗叶经压缩成形，体积缩小，极大地方便了甘蔗叶的装御、运输、储存和饲喂，使运输和饲养员成本显著降低。1. It is convenient for transportation, storage and feeding. The sugarcane leaves are compressed and shaped, and the volume is reduced, which greatly facilitates the loading, transportation, storage and feeding of the sugarcane leaves, and significantly reduces the cost of transportation and breeders.
2、营养价值高和适口性好。甘蔗叶经揉碎、铡短和微生物等预处理，并添加尿素、食盐和糖蜜等营养物质，最后经压块成形，容积比缩小，既增加采食量，又减少精料用量和牛、羊挑食现象，提高饲料的利用效率，适合性和营养价值也显著提高。2. High nutritional value and good palatability. Sugarcane leaves are pretreated by crushing, shortening, and microorganisms, and nutrients such as urea, salt, and molasses are added, and finally formed by briquetting, and the volume ratio is reduced, which not only increases feed intake, but also reduces the amount of concentrate and picky eaters of cattle and sheep Phenomenon, improve feed utilization efficiency, suitability and nutritional value are also significantly improved.
3、质量稳定，能专业化生产。采用甘蔗叶专业化生产压块饲料，其质量稳定，营养参数确定，为专业化、商品化开发利用甘蔗叶生产圈养牛、羊全混合日粮提供了有利条件。3. Stable quality, capable of specialized production. Using sugarcane leaves to professionally produce briquette feed has stable quality and definite nutritional parameters, which provides favorable conditions for the professional and commercial development and utilization of sugarcane leaves to produce captive cattle and sheep whole mixed rations.
4、成本低、效益高。本发明生产甘蔗叶压块饲料，成本低，既减少甘蔗叶毁弃田间或直接焚烧污染环境，又可充分利用当地饲料资源发展养殖，解决集约化养殖牛、羊饲料资源不足问题，降低圈养牛、羊饲料成本，提高养殖的经济效益。4. Low cost and high benefit. The invention produces sugarcane leaf briquette feed with low cost, which not only reduces sugarcane leaf damage to the field or direct burning to pollute the environment, but also makes full use of local feed resources to develop breeding, solves the problem of insufficient feed resources for intensively breeding cattle and sheep, and reduces the cost of feeding cattle in captivity. , Sheep feed cost, improve the economic benefits of farming.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1（牛羊普通型压块饲料）Example 1 (common briquette feed for cattle and sheep)
1、原料组成和重量份数：1. Raw material composition and parts by weight:
甘蔗叶（水分65%）1000公斤；尿素30公斤；盐5公斤；碳酸氢钠5公斤；糖蜜9公斤；乳酸杆菌0.004公斤；枯草芽孢杆菌0.002公斤；地衣芽孢杆菌0.002公斤；酵母菌0.002公斤；水100公斤。Sugarcane leaves (water 65%) 1000 kg; urea 30 kg; salt 5 kg; sodium bicarbonate 5 kg; molasses 9 kg; Lactobacillus 0.004 kg; Bacillus subtilis 0.002 kg; Bacillus licheniformis 0.002 kg; 100 kg of water.
2、制备方法：2. Preparation method:
首先将收获新鲜甘蔗叶用机器揉碎、铡短至4—5cm长，然后凉晒调节水分至65%范围内。在处理甘蔗叶前，将乳酸杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和酵母菌加水0.20—0.25公斤、糖蜜0.09公斤搅拌充分溶解，常温下发酵3小时活干菌复活，得到微生物制剂备用。将微生物制剂、尿素、盐、碳酸氢钠和糖蜜溶解于水后，搅拌均匀喷洒在甘蔗叶上。最后将处理后甘蔗叶装入打捆机进行压缩处理，压制成重量为45kg/块。经压块后的甘蔗叶储存18天后，取样进行质量检测，具体的养分含量值见附表1，其水分和感官（气味、质地和颜色等）指标合格，即可成为商品销售或饲用，饲喂量按牛甘蔗叶压块饲料5—15kg/头、天，羊0.3—1.0kg/头、天或自由采食，饲喂时，按牛羊常规每天需要量补充精料。该块状饲料为饲养牛、羊由于饲料资源枯草季节戓集约化饲养严重短缺的问题，既能提高甘蔗叶的营养价值和适口性，又耐储存、运输和饲喂方便。Firstly, the harvested fresh sugarcane leaves are crushed with a machine, shortened to 4-5cm long, and then cooled to adjust the water content to 65%. Before processing the sugarcane leaves, add 0.20-0.25 kg of water and 0.09 kg of molasses to the lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and yeast, stir to fully dissolve, ferment at room temperature for 3 hours to revive live and dried bacteria, and obtain microbial preparations for use. Dissolve microbial preparations, urea, salt, sodium bicarbonate and molasses in water, stir and spray evenly on sugarcane leaves. Finally, the treated sugarcane leaves are loaded into a baler for compression processing, and the weight of pressing is 45kg/block. After the briquetting sugarcane leaves are stored for 18 days, samples are taken for quality inspection. The specific nutrient content values are shown in Attached Table 1. If the moisture and sensory (smell, texture, and color, etc.) indicators are qualified, they can be sold as commodities or for feeding. The feeding amount is 5-15kg/head, day of sugarcane leaf briquette feed for cattle, 0.3-1.0kg/head, day or ad libitum for sheep. When feeding, supplement the concentrate according to the daily requirement of cattle and sheep. The block feed is used for feeding cattle and sheep due to the serious shortage of feed resources in the hay season or intensive feeding. It can not only improve the nutritional value and palatability of sugarcane leaves, but also be resistant to storage, transport and convenient for feeding.
实施例2（牛羊普通型压块饲料）Example 2 (common briquette feed for cattle and sheep)
1、原料组成和重量份数：1. Raw material composition and parts by weight:
甘蔗叶（水分40%）1000公斤；尿素29公斤；盐4.5公斤；碳酸氢钠4.5公斤；糖蜜10公斤；乳酸杆菌0.004公斤；枯草芽孢杆菌0.002公斤；地衣芽孢杆菌0.002公斤；酵母菌0.002公斤；水150公斤。Sugarcane leaves (moisture 40%) 1000 kg; urea 29 kg; salt 4.5 kg; sodium bicarbonate 4.5 kg; molasses 10 kg; lactobacillus 0.004 kg; 150 kg of water.
2、制备方法：2. Preparation method:
首先将收获新鲜甘蔗叶用机器揉碎、铡短至3—4cm长，然后凉晒调节水分至40%范围内。在处理甘蔗叶前，将乳酸杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和酵母菌加水0.20—0.25公斤、糖蜜0.09公斤搅拌充分溶解，常温下发酵2.5小时活干菌复活，得到微生物制剂备用。将微生物制剂、尿素、盐、碳酸氢钠和糖蜜溶解于水后，搅拌均匀喷洒在甘蔗叶上。最后将处理后甘蔗叶装入打捆机进行压缩处理，压制成重量为40kg/块。经压块后的甘蔗叶储存20天后，取样进行质量检测，其水分和感官（气味、质地和颜色等）指标合格，即可成为商品销售或饲用，饲喂量按牛甘蔗叶压块饲料5—15kg/头、天，羊0.3—1.0kg/头、天或自由采食，饲喂时，按牛羊常规每天需要量补充精料。该块状饲料为饲养牛、羊由于饲料资源枯草季节戓集约化饲养严重短缺的问题，既能提高甘蔗叶的营养价值和适口性，又耐储存、运输和饲喂方便。Firstly, the harvested fresh sugarcane leaves are crushed with a machine, shortened to a length of 3-4cm, and then cooled to adjust the water content to within 40%. Before processing the sugarcane leaves, add 0.20-0.25 kg of water and 0.09 kg of molasses to the lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and saccharomyces to dissolve fully, and ferment at room temperature for 2.5 hours to revive live and dried bacteria to obtain microbial preparations for use. Dissolve microbial preparations, urea, salt, sodium bicarbonate and molasses in water, stir and spray evenly on sugarcane leaves. Finally, the treated sugarcane leaves are loaded into a baler for compression processing, and the weight of pressing is 40kg/block. After the briquetting sugarcane leaves are stored for 20 days, samples are taken for quality inspection. If the moisture and sensory (smell, texture and color, etc.) indicators are up to standard, they can be sold as commercial products or fed. 5-15kg/head, day, sheep 0.3-1.0kg/head, day or ad libitum, when feeding, add concentrate according to the daily requirement of cattle and sheep. The block feed is used for feeding cattle and sheep due to the serious shortage of feed resources in the hay season or intensive feeding. It can not only improve the nutritional value and palatability of sugarcane leaves, but also be resistant to storage, transport and convenient for feeding.
实施例3（牛羊普通型压块饲料）Example 3 (common briquette feed for cattle and sheep)
1、原料组成和重量份数：1. Raw material composition and parts by weight:
甘蔗叶（水分60%）900公斤；尿素28公斤；盐4公斤；碳酸氢钠4公斤；糖蜜8公斤；乳酸杆菌0.004公斤；枯草芽孢杆菌0.002公斤；地衣芽孢杆菌0.002公斤；酵母菌0.002公斤；水120公斤。Sugarcane leaves (water 60%) 900 kg; urea 28 kg; salt 4 kg; sodium bicarbonate 4 kg; molasses 8 kg; Lactobacillus 0.004 kg; Bacillus subtilis 0.002 kg; Bacillus licheniformis 0.002 kg; 120 kg of water.
2、制备方法：2. Preparation method:
首先将收获新鲜甘蔗叶用机器揉碎、铡短至4—5cm长，然后凉晒调节水分至60%范围内。在处理甘蔗叶前，将乳酸杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和酵母菌加水0.20—0.25公斤、糖蜜0.09公斤搅拌充分溶解，常温下发酵2—4小时活干菌复活，得到微生物制剂备用。将微生物制剂、尿素、盐、碳酸氢钠和糖蜜溶解于水后，搅拌均匀喷洒在甘蔗叶上。最后将处理后甘蔗叶装入打捆机进行压缩处理，压制成重量为50kg/块。经压块后的甘蔗叶储存16天后，取样进行质量检测，其水分和感官（气味、质地和颜色等）指标合格，即可成为商品销售或饲用，饲喂量按牛甘蔗叶压块饲料5—15kg/头、天，羊0.3—1.0kg/头、天或自由采食，饲喂时，按牛羊常规每天需要量补充精料。该块状饲料为饲养牛、羊由于饲料资源枯草季节戓集约化饲养严重短缺的问题，既能提高甘蔗叶的营养价值和适口性，又耐储存、运输和饲喂方便。Firstly, the harvested fresh sugarcane leaves are crushed with a machine, shortened to a length of 4-5cm, and then cooled to adjust the water content to within 60%. Before processing the sugarcane leaves, add 0.20-0.25 kg of water and 0.09 kg of molasses to the lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and yeast, stir to fully dissolve, ferment at room temperature for 2-4 hours to revive live and dried bacteria, and obtain microbial preparations for use. Dissolve microbial preparations, urea, salt, sodium bicarbonate and molasses in water, stir and spray evenly on sugarcane leaves. Finally, the treated sugarcane leaves are loaded into a baler for compression processing, and the weight is 50kg/block. After the briquetting sugarcane leaves are stored for 16 days, samples are taken for quality inspection. If the moisture and sensory (smell, texture, color, etc.) indicators are up to standard, they can be sold as commercial products or fed. 5-15kg/head, day, sheep 0.3-1.0kg/head, day or ad libitum, when feeding, add concentrate according to the daily requirement of cattle and sheep. The block feed is used for feeding cattle and sheep due to the serious shortage of feed resources in the hay season or intensive feeding. It can not only improve the nutritional value and palatability of sugarcane leaves, but also be resistant to storage, transport and convenient for feeding.
实施例4（牛羊全混合日粮型压块饲料）Example 4 (Full mixed ration type briquette feed for cattle and sheep)
1、原料组成和重量份数：1. Raw material composition and parts by weight:
甘蔗叶（水分65%）1000公斤；尿素30公斤；盐5公斤；碳酸氢钠5公斤；糖蜜9公斤；乳酸杆菌0.004公斤；枯草芽孢杆菌0.002公斤；地衣芽孢杆菌0.002公斤；酵母菌0.002公斤；酵母粉25公斤；糠夫55公斤；饼粕80公斤；石粉5公斤；硫酸锰0.015公斤；氧化锌0.005公斤；硫酸铜0.005公斤；硫酸亚铁0.015公斤；氧化镁0.250公斤；水120公斤。Sugarcane leaves (water 65%) 1000 kg; urea 30 kg; salt 5 kg; sodium bicarbonate 5 kg; molasses 9 kg; Lactobacillus 0.004 kg; Bacillus subtilis 0.002 kg; Bacillus licheniformis 0.002 kg; 25 kg of yeast powder; 55 kg of bran powder; 80 kg of cake; 5 kg of stone powder; 0.015 kg of manganese sulfate; 0.005 kg of zinc oxide; 0.005 kg of copper sulfate; 0.015 kg of ferrous sulfate;
2、制备方法：2. Preparation method:
首先将收获新鲜甘蔗叶用机器揉碎、铡短至4—5cm长，然后凉晒调节水分至65%范围内，添加酵母粉、统糠、花生饼（粕）、石粉，采用市售混合机混合8分钟；按实施例1操作方法同，将尿素、糖蜜、盐、碳酸氢钠、微量元素和微生物制剂全溶于100L水，均匀喷洒甘蔗叶上。最后将混合均匀甘蔗叶装入打捆机进行压缩处理，压制成重量为45kg/块。经压块后的甘蔗叶储存18天后，取样进行质量检测，具体的养分含量值见附表1，其水分和感官（气味、质地和颜色等）指标合格，即可成为商品销售或饲用，具体饲喂量按牛甘蔗叶压块饲料5—15kg/头、天，羊0.3—1.0kg/头、天或自由采食。该块状饲料为饲养牛、羊由于饲料资源枯草季节戓集约化饲养严重短缺的问题，提供一种全混合日粮，既能提高甘蔗叶的营养价值和适口性，又耐储存、运输和饲喂方便，饲喂时不需要再补充精料，省力、省工、又增效。Firstly, the harvested fresh sugarcane leaves are crushed with a machine, shortened to 4-5cm long, and then cooled to adjust the water content to 65%. Add yeast powder, bran, peanut cake (meal), stone powder, and use a commercially available mixer. Mix 8 minutes; By embodiment 1 operating method is the same, urea, molasses, salt, sodium bicarbonate, trace element and microbial preparation are all dissolved in 100L water, evenly spray on the sugarcane leaf. Finally, the evenly mixed sugarcane leaves are loaded into a baler for compression processing, and the weight of pressing is 45kg/block. After the briquetting sugarcane leaves are stored for 18 days, samples are taken for quality inspection. The specific nutrient content values are shown in Attached Table 1. If the moisture and sensory (smell, texture, and color, etc.) indicators are qualified, they can be sold as commodities or for feeding. The specific feeding amount is 5-15kg/head, day of sugarcane leaf briquette feed for cattle, 0.3-1.0kg/head, day or ad libitum for sheep. This block feed provides a fully mixed ration for raising cattle and sheep due to the serious shortage of feed resources in the dry grass season or intensive feeding. It can not only improve the nutritional value and palatability of sugarcane leaves, but also be resistant to storage, transportation and feeding. Feeding is convenient, no need to add concentrate when feeding, saving labor, saving labor, and increasing efficiency.
实施例5（牛羊全混合日粮型压块饲料）Example 5 (Full mixed ration type briquette feed for cattle and sheep)
1、原料组成和重量份数：1. Raw material composition and parts by weight:
甘蔗叶（水分40%）950公斤；尿素29公斤；盐4公斤；碳酸氢钠4公斤；糖蜜10公斤；乳酸杆菌0.004公斤；枯草芽孢杆菌0.002公斤；地衣芽孢杆菌0.002公斤；酵母菌0.002公斤；酵母粉20公斤；糠夫50公斤；饼粕75公斤；石粉4公斤；硫酸锰0.014公斤；氧化锌0.004公斤；硫酸铜0.004公斤；硫酸亚铁0.013公斤；氧化镁0.235公斤；水170公斤。Sugarcane leaves (water 40%) 950 kg; urea 29 kg; salt 4 kg; sodium bicarbonate 4 kg; molasses 10 kg; Lactobacillus 0.004 kg; Bacillus subtilis 0.002 kg; Bacillus licheniformis 0.002 kg; Yeast powder 20 kg; bran powder 50 kg; cake 75 kg; stone powder 4 kg; manganese sulfate 0.014 kg; zinc oxide 0.004 kg; copper sulfate 0.004 kg; ferrous sulfate 0.013 kg; magnesium oxide 0.235 kg; water 170 kg.
2、制备方法：2. Preparation method:
首先将收获新鲜甘蔗叶用机器揉碎、铡短至3—4cm长，然后凉晒调节水分至40%范围内，添加酵母粉、统糠、花生饼（粕）、石粉，采用市售混合机混合10分钟；按实施例1操作方法同，将尿素、糖蜜、盐、碳酸氢钠、微量元素和微生物制剂全溶于100L水，均匀喷洒甘蔗叶上。最后将混合均匀甘蔗叶装入打捆机进行压缩处理，压制成重量为40kg/块。经压块后的甘蔗叶储存20天后，取样进行质量检测，其水分和感官（气味、质地和颜色等）指标合格，即可成为商品销售或饲用，具体饲喂量按牛甘蔗叶压块饲料5-15kg/头、天，羊0.3-1.0kg/头、天或自由采食。该块状饲料为饲养牛、羊由于饲料资源枯草季节戓集约化饲养严重短缺的问题，提供一种全混合日粮，既能提高甘蔗叶的营养价值和适口性，又耐储存、运输和饲喂方便，饲喂时不需要再补充精料，省力、省工、又增效。First, crush the harvested fresh sugarcane leaves with a machine, shorten them to a length of 3-4cm, then cool them in the sun to adjust the water content to within 40%, add yeast powder, bran, peanut cake (meal), stone powder, and use a commercially available mixer Mix 10 minutes; By embodiment 1 operating method is the same, urea, molasses, salt, sodium bicarbonate, trace element and microbial preparation are all dissolved in 100L water, evenly spray on the sugarcane leaf. Finally, the evenly mixed sugarcane leaves are loaded into a baler for compression processing, and the weight of pressing is 40kg/block. After the briquetting sugarcane leaves are stored for 20 days, samples are taken for quality inspection. If the moisture and sensory (smell, texture, color, etc.) indicators are up to standard, they can be sold as commodities or fed. The specific feeding amount is based on briquettes of sugarcane leaves. Feed 5-15kg/head, day, sheep 0.3-1.0kg/head, day or ad libitum. This block feed provides a fully mixed ration for raising cattle and sheep due to the serious shortage of feed resources in the dry grass season or intensive feeding. It can not only improve the nutritional value and palatability of sugarcane leaves, but also be resistant to storage, transportation and feeding. Feeding is convenient, no need to add concentrate when feeding, saving labor, saving labor, and increasing efficiency.
实施例6（牛羊全混合日粮型压块饲料）Example 6 (Full mixed ration type briquette feed for cattle and sheep)
1、原料组成和重量份数：1. Raw material composition and parts by weight:
甘蔗叶（水分50%）1000公斤；尿素30公斤；盐4.5公斤；碳酸氢钠4公斤；糖蜜9.5公斤；乳酸杆菌0.004公斤；枯草芽孢杆菌0.002公斤；地衣芽孢杆菌0.002公斤；酵母菌0.002公斤；酵母粉30公斤；糠夫60公斤；饼粕90公斤；石粉6公斤；硫酸锰0.013公斤；氧化锌0.004公斤；硫酸铜0.004公斤；硫酸亚铁0.012公斤；氧化镁0.230公斤；水200公斤。Sugarcane leaves (water 50%) 1000 kg; urea 30 kg; salt 4.5 kg; sodium bicarbonate 4 kg; molasses 9.5 kg; lactobacillus 0.004 kg; Yeast powder 30 kg; bran powder 60 kg; cake 90 kg; stone powder 6 kg; manganese sulfate 0.013 kg; zinc oxide 0.004 kg; copper sulfate 0.004 kg; ferrous sulfate 0.012 kg; magnesium oxide 0.230 kg; water 200 kg.
2、制备方法：2. Preparation method:
首先将收获新鲜甘蔗叶用机器揉碎、铡短至4—5cm 长，然后凉晒调节水分至50%范围内，添加酵母粉、统糠、花生饼（粕）、石粉，采用市售混合机混合5分钟；按实施例1操作方法同，将尿素、糖蜜、盐、碳酸氢钠、微量元素和微生物制剂全溶于100L水，均匀喷洒甘蔗叶上。最后将混合均匀甘蔗叶装入打捆机进行压缩处理，压制成重量为50kg/块。经压块后的甘蔗叶储存15天后，取样进行质量检测，其水分和感官（气味、质地和颜色等）指标合格，即可成为商品销售或饲用，具体饲喂量按牛甘蔗叶压块饲料5-15kg/头、天，羊0.3-1.0kg/头、天或自由采食。该块状饲料为饲养牛、羊由于饲料资源季节戓集约化饲养严重短缺的问题，提供一种全混合日粮，既能提高甘蔗叶的营养价值和适口性，又耐储存、运输和饲喂方便，饲喂时不需要再补充精料，省力、省工、又增效。First, crush the harvested fresh sugarcane leaves with a machine, shorten them to a length of 4-5cm, then cool them in the sun to adjust the water content to within 50%, add yeast powder, bran, peanut cake (meal), stone powder, and use a commercially available mixer Mix for 5 minutes; with the same method of operation as in Example 1, urea, molasses, salt, sodium bicarbonate, trace elements and microbial preparations are all dissolved in 100L of water, evenly sprayed on the sugarcane leaves. Finally, the evenly mixed sugarcane leaves are packed into a baler and compressed, and pressed into a weight of 50kg/block. After the briquetting sugarcane leaves are stored for 15 days, samples are taken for quality inspection. If the moisture and sensory (smell, texture, color, etc.) indicators are up to standard, they can be sold as commodities or fed. The specific feeding amount is based on the briquetting of sugarcane leaves Feed 5-15kg/head, day, sheep 0.3-1.0kg/head, day or ad libitum. This block feed provides a complete mixed ration for raising cattle and sheep due to the serious shortage of feed resources in season or intensive feeding. It can not only improve the nutritional value and palatability of sugarcane leaves, but also be resistant to storage, transportation and feeding. Convenient, no need to add concentrate when feeding, saving labor, saving labor, and increasing efficiency.
附表1：甘蔗叶制作不同类型压块饲料的养分值Attached table 1: Nutrient value of different types of briquettes made from sugarcane leaves
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