CN102857563B - Large public building energy consumption and indoor environmental quality distribution of wireless long distance control system - Google Patents
Large public building energy consumption and indoor environmental quality distribution of wireless long distance control system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于建筑节能及建筑环境应用领域的一种集成多功能无线分布式远程监控系统，具体涉及一种大型公共建筑能耗（用电）与室内环境质量多参数（温度、湿度、照度、CO2浓度等）无线分布式远程监控技术，该系统将无线检测技术、分布式网络技术、远程传输技术相结合，为大型公共建筑能耗监测、节能实施，以及营造一个高效率室内工作环境提供分布式、无线远程、网络化的解决方案。The invention belongs to an integrated multifunctional wireless distributed remote monitoring system in the field of building energy saving and building environment application, and specifically relates to a large-scale public building energy consumption (power consumption) and indoor environmental quality multi-parameters (temperature, humidity, illuminance, CO 2 concentration, etc.) wireless distributed remote monitoring technology, the system combines wireless detection technology, distributed network technology, and remote transmission technology to provide distribution for large public building energy consumption monitoring, energy saving implementation, and creating a high-efficiency indoor working environment mode, wireless remote, and networked solutions.
背景技术 Background technique
大型公共建筑一般是指单体建筑面积在2万m2以上、采用中央空调的办公、商业、旅游、科教文卫、通信以及交通枢纽等公共建筑。随着我国城市建设的飞速发展和经济水平提高，大型公共建筑在城镇建筑中的比例迅速增加，据相关资料，我国大型公共建筑面积总量约4～5亿平方米，占城镇建筑总量不到4％，但其年耗电量却占到我国城镇建筑总耗电量的22%以上。统计表明，我国大型公共建筑的节能潜力普遍在30%以上，有的大型公共建筑甚至可达50%以上。“十二五”期间我国将深入开展公共建筑节能监管体系建设，中央财政支持有条件的地方建设公共建筑能耗监测平台，对重点建筑实行分项计量与动态监测，争取在“十二五”期间，实现大型公共建筑单位面积能耗下降15％；同时，大型公共建筑内部人员密集，对室内工作环境质量的舒适性、健康性、高效性有着更高的要求。室内工作环境质量的优劣不仅直接关乎建筑内人员的身心健康，而且会对人员的工作效率造成重大影响。据世界银行估计，中国每年因室内环境污染所造成的经济损失约32亿美元。研究表明，通过有效改善室内工作环境质量可在保证人员健康的同时将建筑物内部人员的工作效率提高15%～20%。Large-scale public buildings generally refer to public buildings with a single building area of more than 20,000 m2 and central air-conditioning, such as offices, commerce, tourism, science, education, culture, health, communication, and transportation hubs. With the rapid development of my country's urban construction and the improvement of the economic level, the proportion of large-scale public buildings in urban buildings has increased rapidly. According to relevant data, the total area of large-scale public buildings in my country is about 400-500 million square meters, accounting for a small part of the total urban buildings. to 4%, but its annual power consumption accounts for more than 22% of the total power consumption of urban buildings in my country. Statistics show that the energy-saving potential of large public buildings in my country is generally over 30%, and some large public buildings can even reach over 50%. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, my country will carry out in-depth construction of a public building energy-saving supervision system. The central government will support qualified localities to build public building energy consumption monitoring platforms, and carry out sub-item measurement and dynamic monitoring of key buildings. During this period, the energy consumption per unit area of large public buildings has been reduced by 15%. At the same time, large public buildings are densely populated and have higher requirements for the comfort, health and efficiency of the indoor working environment. The quality of the indoor working environment is not only directly related to the physical and mental health of the people in the building, but also has a significant impact on the work efficiency of the people. According to the estimates of the World Bank, the annual economic loss caused by indoor environmental pollution in China is about 3.2 billion US dollars. Studies have shown that by effectively improving the quality of the indoor working environment, the work efficiency of the personnel inside the building can be increased by 15% to 20% while ensuring the health of the personnel.
由于大型公共建筑中各能耗监测点及室内环境质量监测点具有分布式的特征、造成在其之间布线困难。另外，由于缺乏系统的、统一的监测平台以及实时有效的监测手段，造成能耗数据与室内环境质量数据难以实时、准确计量，因而无法有效评估建筑节能与室内环境质量水平，更不能有效指导营造一个节能与绿色、健康环境。Due to the distributed characteristics of energy consumption monitoring points and indoor environmental quality monitoring points in large public buildings, it is difficult to wire between them. In addition, due to the lack of a systematic and unified monitoring platform and real-time and effective monitoring methods, it is difficult to measure energy consumption data and indoor environmental quality data in real time and accurately, so it is impossible to effectively evaluate the level of building energy conservation and indoor environmental quality, let alone effectively guide the building An energy-saving and green, healthy environment.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于，提供一种大型公共建筑能耗与室内环境质量多参数、分布式无线远程实时监控系统，该系统由能耗数据无线监测终端、室内环境质量无线监测终端及ZigBee/以太网网关共同构成。能耗数据无线终端监测建筑物中各用电回路的数据，通过无线的方式实现对建筑能耗进行分类分项统计；室内环境质量无线监测终端具有上述四参数模拟量输入接口，采集大型公建内部环境质量数据，经过处理可实现对建筑室内环境质量的评估；上述两类无线终端组成自组织、自愈合的ZigBee无线网状（MESH）网络，通过统一无线监测平台对两类数据进行无线采集、传输、汇聚，通过ZigBee/以太网网关实现了ZigBee/以太网协议转换以及基于Internet网络的数据远程实时监控。The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-parameter, distributed wireless remote real-time monitoring system for large-scale public building energy consumption and indoor environmental quality. gateway together. The energy consumption data wireless terminal monitors the data of each power consumption circuit in the building, and realizes the classification and sub-item statistics of building energy consumption in a wireless way; the indoor environmental quality wireless monitoring terminal has the above-mentioned four-parameter analog input interface, and collects data from large-scale public buildings. The internal environmental quality data can be processed to evaluate the indoor environmental quality of the building; the above two types of wireless terminals form a self-organizing and self-healing ZigBee wireless mesh (MESH) network, and the two types of data are wirelessly monitored through a unified wireless monitoring platform. Acquisition, transmission, aggregation, ZigBee/Ethernet protocol conversion and remote real-time monitoring of data based on the Internet network are realized through the ZigBee/Ethernet gateway.
为实现上述任务，本发明采取了如下的技术解决方案：For realizing above-mentioned task, the present invention has taken following technical solution:
一种大型公共建筑能耗与室内环境质量多参数、无线分布式远程实时监控系统，其特征在于，包括：A multi-parameter wireless distributed remote real-time monitoring system for energy consumption and indoor environmental quality of a large public building, characterized in that it includes:
在大型公共建筑中各用电回路的电能计量装置（电表）中安装能耗数据无线采集终端；Install energy consumption data wireless collection terminals in the electric energy metering devices (electric meters) of each electric circuit in large public buildings;
在大型公共建筑内部各工作空间布设环境质量无线监测终端；Arrange environmental quality wireless monitoring terminals in each working space inside large public buildings;
在大型公共建筑中布设ZigBee/以太网网关；Deploy ZigBee/Ethernet gateways in large public buildings;
上述能耗数据无线监测终端与室内环境质量无线监测终端内部均集成有ZigBee无线收发模块；Both the energy consumption data wireless monitoring terminal and the indoor environmental quality wireless monitoring terminal are integrated with ZigBee wireless transceiver modules;
所述的能耗数据无线监测终端与室内环境质量无线监测终端组成的网络将其采集的数据汇集于ZigBee/以太网网关，经由以太网或Internet网络传输至管理中心或更高一级用户。The network composed of the energy consumption data wireless monitoring terminal and the indoor environmental quality wireless monitoring terminal collects the data collected by the ZigBee/Ethernet gateway, and transmits it to the management center or higher-level users via the Ethernet or Internet network.
本发明实现了基于ZigBee技术与Internet网络的大型公共建筑能耗与室内环境质量无线远程实时监控。达到了对建筑物能耗数据及其室内环境质量数据的实时、准确监控、信息化、科学化管理，使国家制订的节能降耗制度落到实处，并通过室内环境质量数据可建立室内环境质量评价模型，能有效地评估建筑物室内环境质量的健康程度，并为其他节能控制技术提供数据支持。具体技术效果体现在：The invention realizes wireless remote real-time monitoring of energy consumption and indoor environment quality of large public buildings based on ZigBee technology and Internet network. Real-time, accurate monitoring, informatization, and scientific management of building energy consumption data and indoor environmental quality data have been achieved, so that the energy-saving and consumption-reducing system formulated by the state can be implemented, and indoor environmental quality can be established through indoor environmental quality data. The evaluation model can effectively evaluate the health of the building's indoor environmental quality and provide data support for other energy-saving control technologies. The specific technical effects are reflected in:
1.统一的无线监测平台1. Unified wireless monitoring platform
为解决大型公建中能耗数据与室内环境质量数据的科学准确统计，本专利基于ZigBee无线技术开发了大型公建能耗与室内环境质量多参数无线监测平台，该平台具备典型的分布式特征，通过该平台可实现以自组织的方式构建无线监测网络，对建筑中的能耗数据以及室内环境数据进行无线采集与监测，并对两类数据进行实时远程传输，通过一个统一的无线监测平台完成对各类数据的监测与管理工作。In order to solve the scientific and accurate statistics of energy consumption data and indoor environmental quality data in large-scale public buildings, this patent has developed a multi-parameter wireless monitoring platform for large-scale public building energy consumption and indoor environmental quality based on ZigBee wireless technology. The platform has typical distributed characteristics , through this platform, it is possible to build a wireless monitoring network in a self-organizing manner, wirelessly collect and monitor energy consumption data in buildings and indoor environment data, and carry out real-time remote transmission of the two types of data, through a unified wireless monitoring platform Complete the monitoring and management of various data.
2.能耗数据无线实时监测2. Wireless real-time monitoring of energy consumption data
采用能耗数据无线监测终端可分别监测不同回路中智能电表的电量数据。并将所采集的数据无线发送，通过ZigBee/以太网网关进行协议转换及远程传输，并最终将能耗数据传输至监控中心，实现对建筑物电能耗数据的无线实时远程监测。The energy data of smart meters in different circuits can be monitored separately by using energy consumption data wireless monitoring terminals. And the collected data is sent wirelessly, through the ZigBee/Ethernet gateway for protocol conversion and remote transmission, and finally the energy consumption data is transmitted to the monitoring center to realize wireless real-time remote monitoring of building energy consumption data.
3.室内环境质量无线实时监测3. Wireless real-time monitoring of indoor environmental quality
本发明中每个室内环境质量无线监测终端可同时连接温度、湿度、照度、CO2浓度等室内环境质量参数传感器，并将其采集的多种数据进行无线发送，通过ZigBee/以太网网关进行远程传输，将数据最终传输至监控中心。In the present invention, each indoor environmental quality wireless monitoring terminal can be connected to indoor environmental quality parameter sensors such as temperature, humidity, illuminance, and CO2 concentration at the same time, and wirelessly transmits various data collected by it, and performs remote monitoring through the ZigBee/Ethernet gateway. Transmission, the data is finally transmitted to the monitoring center.
4.可扩展、低功耗技术4. Scalable, low power consumption technology
采用ZigBee无线网状（MESH）网络，使用了其具有的自组网、自愈合、低功耗的特性,提高了网络可扩展性、延长了网络节点的使用寿命；同时本发明在设计中采用了模块化的理念，使用超低功耗芯片，使系统具有可扩展、低功耗良好性能。ZigBee wireless mesh (MESH) network is adopted, which has the characteristics of ad hoc network, self-healing, and low power consumption, which improves the network scalability and prolongs the service life of network nodes; at the same time, the present invention is designed The concept of modularization is adopted, and ultra-low power consumption chips are used to make the system scalable, low power consumption and good performance.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明的大型公共建筑能耗与室内环境质量多参数、无线分布式远程实时监控系统结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the multi-parameter, wireless distributed remote real-time monitoring system structure diagram of large-scale public building energy consumption and indoor environment quality of the present invention;
图2是系统的总体原理框图；Fig. 2 is the overall functional block diagram of the system;
图3是系统中的能耗数据无线监测终端原理框图；Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of the energy consumption data wireless monitoring terminal in the system;
图4是系统中的能耗数据无线监测终端电路原理图；其中，图4-a是DRF1605接口电路，图4-b是RS-485接口电路，图4-c是电源电路，图4-d是复位及看门狗电路。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the energy consumption data wireless monitoring terminal circuit in the system; among them, Figure 4-a is the DRF1605 interface circuit, Figure 4-b is the RS-485 interface circuit, Figure 4-c is the power supply circuit, and Figure 4-d It is reset and watchdog circuit.
图5是系统中的能耗数据无线监测终端实物图；Figure 5 is a physical diagram of the energy consumption data wireless monitoring terminal in the system;
图6是系统中的室内环境质量无线监测终端原理框图；Fig. 6 is a functional block diagram of the indoor environmental quality wireless monitoring terminal in the system;
图7是系统中的室内环境质量无线监测终端电路原理图；其中，图7-a是室内环境质量无线监测终端最小系统电路图，图7-b是电源电路，图7-c是DRF1605接口电路，图7-d是AD转换电路，图7-e是复位及看门狗电路。Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the indoor environmental quality wireless monitoring terminal circuit in the system; among them, Figure 7-a is the minimum system circuit diagram of the indoor environmental quality wireless monitoring terminal, Figure 7-b is the power supply circuit, Figure 7-c is the DRF1605 interface circuit, Figure 7-d is an AD conversion circuit, and Figure 7-e is a reset and watchdog circuit.
图8是系统中的室内环境质量无线监测终端实物；Fig. 8 is the physical object of the indoor environmental quality wireless monitoring terminal in the system;
图9是系统中的ZigBee/以太网网关原理框图；Fig. 9 is a functional block diagram of ZigBee/Ethernet gateway in the system;
图10是系统中的ZigBee/以太网网关核心板电路设计原理图；Fig. 10 is a circuit design schematic diagram of the ZigBee/Ethernet gateway core board in the system;
图11是系统中的ZigBee/以太网网关底板电路原理图；其中，图11-a是网关电源电路，图11-b是DRF1605接口电路，图11-c是网关Ethernet接口电路，图11-d是网关复位及看门狗电路。Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the ZigBee/Ethernet gateway backplane circuit in the system; among them, Figure 11-a is the gateway power supply circuit, Figure 11-b is the DRF1605 interface circuit, Figure 11-c is the gateway Ethernet interface circuit, and Figure 11-d It is a gateway reset and watchdog circuit.
图12是系统中的ZigBee/以太网网关实物图。Figure 12 is a physical diagram of the ZigBee/Ethernet gateway in the system.
以下结合附图和发明人给出的实例对本发明进行说明。The present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the examples given by the inventor.
具体实施方式 detailed description
针对大型公共建筑中能耗分项计量与室内环境质量多参数监测，本实施例给出一种大型公共建筑能耗与室内环境质量多参数、无线分布式远程实时监控系统，解决了大型公共建筑中能耗的分项计量与室内环境质量的多参数监测问题，为我国实施“节能降耗”的发展战略，以及营造舒适、健康、高效的大型公共建筑室内工作环境质量打下基础。用于对建筑物中能耗数据与室内环境质量数据进行准确、可靠无线监测，远程传输，以及存储处理等。Aiming at sub-item measurement of energy consumption and multi-parameter monitoring of indoor environmental quality in large public buildings, this embodiment provides a multi-parameter, wireless distributed remote real-time monitoring system for large public building energy consumption and indoor environmental quality, which solves the problem of large public building The sub-item measurement of medium energy consumption and the multi-parameter monitoring of indoor environmental quality lay the foundation for the implementation of the development strategy of "energy saving and consumption reduction" in my country and the creation of comfortable, healthy and efficient indoor working environment quality of large public buildings. It is used for accurate and reliable wireless monitoring, remote transmission, storage and processing of energy consumption data and indoor environmental quality data in buildings.
根据大型公建分项计量要求，于其中各用电回路安装能耗无线计量终端；在大型公建各工作空间内布设多参数环境质量无线监测终端；并在建筑物中布设如图9所示的ZigBee/以太网网关。According to the sub-item measurement requirements of large-scale public buildings, install energy consumption wireless measurement terminals in each power consumption circuit; arrange multi-parameter environmental quality wireless monitoring terminals in each work space of large-scale public buildings; and arrange them in the buildings as shown in Figure 9 ZigBee/Ethernet gateway.
该系统功能如下：大型公建中能耗无线计量节点组成其能耗无线监测网络，室内环境多参数无线传感器节点组成环境质量无线监测网络，两类网络通过共同的ZigBee/以太网网关平台进行信息汇集与管理，该网关嵌入Internet功能，从而能实现两类数据的无线远程传输与管理，完成对大型公共建筑能耗以及室内环境质量的远程实时监测。The functions of the system are as follows: energy consumption wireless metering nodes in large-scale public buildings form its energy consumption wireless monitoring network, and indoor environment multi-parameter wireless sensor nodes form an environmental quality wireless monitoring network. The two types of networks transmit information through a common ZigBee/Ethernet gateway platform. Collection and management, the gateway is embedded with Internet functions, so as to realize wireless remote transmission and management of two types of data, and complete remote real-time monitoring of energy consumption and indoor environmental quality of large public buildings.
大型公共建筑能耗与室内环境质量多参数、无线分布式远程实时监控系统结构示意图如图1所示，总体原理框图如图2所示。Figure 1 shows the structural diagram of a multi-parameter, wireless distributed remote real-time monitoring system for energy consumption and indoor environmental quality in large public buildings, and the overall principle block diagram is shown in Figure 2.
上述能耗数据无线监测终端原理框图如图3中所示。其由DRF1605模块、RS-485接口电路、及外围电路组成。其电路设计原理图如图4所示，其中，图4-a是DRF1605接口电路，图4-b是RS-485接口电路，图4-c是电源电路，图4-d是复位及看门狗电路。The functional block diagram of the above energy consumption data wireless monitoring terminal is shown in FIG. 3 . It consists of DRF1605 module, RS-485 interface circuit, and peripheral circuits. The schematic diagram of its circuit design is shown in Figure 4, among which, Figure 4-a is the DRF1605 interface circuit, Figure 4-b is the RS-485 interface circuit, Figure 4-c is the power circuit, and Figure 4-d is the reset and gatekeeper dog circuit.
能耗数据无线监测终端通过图4-aDRF1605接口电路与DRF1605无线模块连接，通过图4-bRS-485接口电路连接各用电回路中的电量计量装置（电表），完成能耗数据的采集与无线发送。图4-c电源电路可提供3.3V与5V两种电压，分别为DRF1605无线模块及MAX485CSA接口芯片供电，图4-d复位及看门狗电路负责监视DRF1605无线模块8051CPU的运行状态及系统运行时的故障复位。The energy consumption data wireless monitoring terminal is connected to the DRF1605 wireless module through the DRF1605 interface circuit in Figure 4-a, and connected to the power metering devices (electric meters) in each power consumption circuit through the RS-485 interface circuit in Figure 4-b, to complete the collection and wireless monitoring of energy consumption data. send. The power supply circuit in Figure 4-c can provide two voltages of 3.3V and 5V, respectively supplying power for the DRF1605 wireless module and the MAX485CSA interface chip, and the reset and watchdog circuit in Figure 4-d is responsible for monitoring the operating status of the DRF1605 wireless module 8051CPU and the system running time fault reset.
上述室内布设的环境质量无线监测终端原理框图如图6所示，其由ARMCortexM0处理器、S/H电路、A/D转换电路、扩展Flash芯片、DRF1605无线模块及其他外围电路构成。图7为环境质量无线监测终端电路设计原理图。其中，图7-a是室内环境质量无线监测终端最小系统电路图，图7-b是电源电路，图7-c是DRF1605接口电路，图7-d是A/D接口及转换电路，图7-e是复位及看门狗电路。The functional block diagram of the environmental quality wireless monitoring terminal deployed above is shown in Figure 6, which consists of ARM CortexM0 processor, S/H circuit, A/D conversion circuit, extended Flash chip, DRF1605 wireless module and other peripheral circuits. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the circuit design of the environmental quality wireless monitoring terminal. Among them, Figure 7-a is the minimum system circuit diagram of the indoor environmental quality wireless monitoring terminal, Figure 7-b is the power supply circuit, Figure 7-c is the DRF1605 interface circuit, Figure 7-d is the A/D interface and conversion circuit, Figure 7- e is reset and watchdog circuit.
环境质量无线监测终端通过图7-dA/D接口可连接4种类型的环境质量传感器，并完成采集数据的A/D转换，图7-aARMCortexM0处理器对A/D转换后的数据进行离散化处理，最终将处理后的数据通过图7-cDRF1605接口电路与DRF1605无线模块连接,完成环境质量数据的采集与无线发送。图7-b电源电路可提供3.3V电压，分别为DRF1605无线模块及ARMCortexM0处理器供电，图7-e复位及看门狗电路负责监视ARMCortex-M0处理器的运行状态系统运行时的故障复位。The environmental quality wireless monitoring terminal can connect four types of environmental quality sensors through the A/D interface in Figure 7-d, and complete the A/D conversion of the collected data. Figure 7-aARMCortexM0 processor discretizes the A/D converted data processing, and finally connect the processed data to the DRF1605 wireless module through the interface circuit shown in Figure 7-cDRF1605 to complete the collection and wireless transmission of environmental quality data. The power supply circuit in Figure 7-b can provide 3.3V voltage to supply power for the DRF1605 wireless module and the ARM CortexM0 processor respectively, and the reset and watchdog circuit in Figure 7-e is responsible for monitoring the operating status of the ARM Cortex-M0 processor and fault reset when the system is running.
上述ZigBee/以太网网关原理框图如图9所示，其由ARMCortexM0处理器、DRF1605无线模块、扩展Flash芯片、ENC28J60以太网控制器以及其他外围电路构成。在ZigBee/以太网网关的设计中，考虑到网关的性能应充分满足不同规模监测系统的性能需求，因而对其进行了模块化的设计，将CPU核心板与网关底板进行了分离式的处理。如图10所示为ZigBee/以太网网关核心板电路设计原理图，图11所示为ZigBee/以太网网关底板电路设计原理图，其中，图11-a是网关电源电路，图11-b是DRF1605接口电路，图11-c是网关Ethernet接口电路，图11-d是网关复位及看门狗电路。The block diagram of the above ZigBee/Ethernet gateway is shown in Figure 9, which is composed of ARM CortexM0 processor, DRF1605 wireless module, extended Flash chip, ENC28J60 Ethernet controller and other peripheral circuits. In the design of the ZigBee/Ethernet gateway, considering that the performance of the gateway should fully meet the performance requirements of monitoring systems of different scales, a modular design was carried out, and the CPU core board and the gateway backplane were processed separately. Figure 10 shows the ZigBee/Ethernet gateway core board circuit design schematic diagram, and Figure 11 shows the ZigBee/Ethernet gateway backplane circuit design schematic diagram, where Figure 11-a is the gateway power supply circuit, and Figure 11-b is the DRF1605 interface circuit, Figure 11-c is the gateway Ethernet interface circuit, Figure 11-d is the gateway reset and watchdog circuit.
ZigBee/以太网网关底板通过图11-bDRF1605接口电路与DRF1605无线模块（Coordinator-协调器）连接，通过图11-c网关Ethernet接口电路连接RJ45接头，完成能耗数据及环境质量数据的无线接收与远程发送。图11-c电源电路可提供3.3V电压，分别为DRF1605无线模块及以太网控制器ENC28J60供电，图11-d复位及看门狗电路负责监视ARMCortex-M0处理器的运行状态及系统运行时的故障复位。The ZigBee/Ethernet gateway backplane is connected to the DRF1605 wireless module (Coordinator-coordinator) through the DRF1605 interface circuit in Figure 11-b, and connected to the RJ45 connector through the Ethernet interface circuit in Figure 11-c to complete the wireless reception and communication of energy consumption data and environmental quality data Send remotely. The power supply circuit in Figure 11-c can provide 3.3V voltage to supply power for the DRF1605 wireless module and the Ethernet controller ENC28J60 respectively, and the reset and watchdog circuit in Figure 11-d is responsible for monitoring the running status of the ARMCortex-M0 processor and the system running Fault reset.
ZigBee/以太网网关实物图如图12所示。The physical picture of the ZigBee/Ethernet gateway is shown in Figure 12.
依据本发明的技术要求，将能耗数据无线监测终端安装在大型公共建筑内各用电回路的电量计量装置（电表）中，将采集到的各用电回路的电量数据最终上传至监控中心，以达到远程监测大型公共建筑能耗状况的目的，并将所得数据用于能耗数据分析管理。在大型公共建筑内部各工作空间布设室内环境质量无线监测终端，可监测各房间中的各类环境质量参数，并传送至监控中心，用于实时监测大型公共建筑的室内环境质量，并记录数据为其他节能控制技术的应用提供数据支持。在大型公共建筑中布设ZigBee/以太网网关，可实时接收上述两类监测终端所发送的数据，并对数据进行协议转换，最终借助以太网或Internet网络将两类数据传输至监控中心。According to the technical requirements of the present invention, the energy consumption data wireless monitoring terminal is installed in the power metering device (electric meter) of each power consumption circuit in a large public building, and the collected power data of each power consumption circuit is finally uploaded to the monitoring center, In order to achieve the purpose of remotely monitoring the energy consumption of large public buildings, and use the obtained data for energy consumption data analysis and management. Indoor environmental quality wireless monitoring terminals are arranged in each working space of large public buildings, which can monitor various environmental quality parameters in each room and transmit them to the monitoring center for real-time monitoring of indoor environmental quality of large public buildings, and record data as The application of other energy-saving control technologies provides data support. The deployment of ZigBee/Ethernet gateways in large public buildings can receive the data sent by the above two types of monitoring terminals in real time, perform protocol conversion on the data, and finally transmit the two types of data to the monitoring center by means of Ethernet or Internet networks.
1.数据无线监测与远程传输技术1. Data wireless monitoring and remote transmission technology
以ZigBee技术为基础构建了无线数据采集网络，并在系统中引入ZigBee/以太网网关，实现了能耗数据及室内环境质量参数的无线监测与数据的无线远程传输。在实际运行中，分布式的能耗数据无线监测终端与室内环境质量无线监测终端分别可监测建筑物各用电回路的用电量以及建筑内工作空间的环境质量参数，并将数据通过多跳的方式发送至ZigBee/以太网网关，该网关具备网络协议转换功能（ZigBee无线网络与以太网网络之间），可将无线数据监测网络与以太网网络连接起来，实现基于ZigBee/以太网网络的无线远程数据传输功能。Based on ZigBee technology, a wireless data acquisition network was constructed, and a ZigBee/Ethernet gateway was introduced into the system to realize wireless monitoring of energy consumption data and indoor environmental quality parameters and wireless remote transmission of data. In actual operation, the distributed energy consumption data wireless monitoring terminal and the indoor environmental quality wireless monitoring terminal can respectively monitor the power consumption of each power circuit of the building and the environmental quality parameters of the working space in the building, and transmit the data through multi-hop The way to send to the ZigBee/Ethernet gateway, the gateway has a network protocol conversion function (between the ZigBee wireless network and the Ethernet network), can connect the wireless data monitoring network with the Ethernet network, and realize the ZigBee/Ethernet network-based Wireless remote data transmission function.
2.基于超低功耗的硬件设计2. Hardware design based on ultra-low power consumption
依据本发明对超低功耗，自组织网络的设计需要，选用了ZigBee无线技术。According to the design requirement of ultra-low power consumption and ad hoc network in the present invention, ZigBee wireless technology is selected.
能耗数据无线监测终端采用模块化硬件设计，该终端由DRF1605（Router-路由器）模块与采集终端扩展底板组成，DRF1605模块是一种基于TI公司CC2530F256芯片开发，运行ZigBee2007/PRO协议的ZigBee无线模块。同时为该模块设计了专用的RS-485能耗数据采集终端扩展底板，扩展底板中设计了与DRF1605（Router-路由器）模块连接的接口电路、与RS-485智能仪表连接的RS-485接口电路、终端的电源电路、及监测CPU运行的复位及看门狗电路。The energy consumption data wireless monitoring terminal adopts a modular hardware design. The terminal is composed of a DRF1605 (Router-router) module and an acquisition terminal expansion board. The DRF1605 module is a ZigBee wireless module developed based on TI's CC2530F256 chip and running the ZigBee2007/PRO protocol. . At the same time, a dedicated RS-485 energy consumption data acquisition terminal expansion board is designed for this module. The interface circuit connected with the DRF1605 (Router-router) module and the RS-485 interface circuit connected with the RS-485 smart instrument are designed in the expansion board. , the power supply circuit of the terminal, and the reset and watchdog circuit for monitoring the operation of the CPU.
环境质量无线监测终端在设计时为保证较高的A/D转换精度，使用了CortexM0处理器进行设计开发。在设计中为其扩展了与DRF1605（Router-路由器）模块连接的接口电路、A/D转换电路、电源电路、复位及看门狗电路。此外，考虑到实际运行所需，本发明中通过将ZigBee无线技术与ARMISP（In-SystemProgramming，在线系统可编程）功能相结合，从而实现本监测终端具备远程配置以及固件“空中升级”的功能。In order to ensure high A/D conversion accuracy in the design of the environmental quality wireless monitoring terminal, a CortexM0 processor is used for design and development. In the design, the interface circuit, A/D conversion circuit, power circuit, reset and watchdog circuit connected with the DRF1605 (Router) module are expanded. In addition, considering the needs of actual operation, the present invention combines the ZigBee wireless technology with the ARMISP (In-System Programming, online system programmable) function, so that the monitoring terminal has the functions of remote configuration and firmware "over-the-air upgrade".
ZigBee/以太网网关在设计时为满足不同规模大型公建监测系统的性能需求，进行了模块化设计，将其CPU部分进行了分离式设计，分别设计了网关的CPU核心板与底板，方便二次升级以及日常的维修维护。The ZigBee/Ethernet gateway is designed to meet the performance requirements of large-scale public building monitoring systems of different scales. The modular design is carried out, and the CPU part of the gateway is designed separately. The CPU core board and the bottom board of the gateway are designed separately, which is convenient for two Upgrades and daily repairs and maintenance.
3.大型公共建筑能耗与室内环境质量的无线监测系统3. Wireless monitoring system for energy consumption and indoor environmental quality of large public buildings
由于建筑能耗及室内环境参数具有分布式的特点，缺乏对其进行实时监测的有效手段，不利于集中监测。为解决这些问题，依据本发明的设计思想，应用ZigBee无线技术研究大型公共建筑能耗及室内环境质量无线分布式远程监控系统，设计并开发了能耗数据无线监测终端以及室内环境无线监测终端；设计并开发了ZigBee/以太网网关，通过该网关实现对所采集数据进行远程传输，通过该网关将数据发送至Internet网络，以切实贯彻我国政府对重点大型公共建筑进行能耗公示的要求。Due to the distributed characteristics of building energy consumption and indoor environmental parameters, there is a lack of effective means for real-time monitoring, which is not conducive to centralized monitoring. In order to solve these problems, according to the design concept of the present invention, ZigBee wireless technology is used to study the wireless distributed remote monitoring system of energy consumption and indoor environmental quality of large public buildings, and a wireless monitoring terminal for energy consumption data and a wireless monitoring terminal for indoor environment are designed and developed; Designed and developed a ZigBee/Ethernet gateway, through which the collected data can be remotely transmitted, and the data can be sent to the Internet through the gateway, so as to effectively implement the Chinese government's requirements for energy consumption disclosure of key large public buildings.
综上所述，本发明实现了对大型公共建筑能耗数据与室内环境质量参数的实时、准确采集与远程可靠传输，达到了对大型公共建筑用能及室内环境质量的实时动态监测要求，实现了大型公共建筑用能及室内环境质量的信息化、网络化、透明化管理，对我国大型公共建筑能耗与室内环境质量监测有着重大的推广示范意义。In summary, the present invention realizes the real-time and accurate acquisition and remote reliable transmission of energy consumption data and indoor environmental quality parameters of large public buildings, and meets the real-time dynamic monitoring requirements for energy consumption and indoor environmental quality of large public buildings. The informatization, networking, and transparent management of large public building energy consumption and indoor environmental quality have great promotion and demonstration significance for the monitoring of energy consumption and indoor environmental quality of large public buildings in my country.
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