Summary of the invention
The many disadvantages that exist in order to overcome existing design of ground system flow process, the present invention proposes a kind of methods to reduce resistance of grounding system, and the guiding that stylizes that hinders optimizing design scheme falls in the ground system that is used for achieving a butt joint, and is particularly useful for the grounding system initial design stage.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose of design, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of methods to reduce resistance of grounding system according to grounding resistance and the safety index of user input, to resistance according to the mode of drawing the level down resistance simultaneously or be optimized successively, after the resistance value after the optimization meets safety index, draws the concrete resistance mode of falling.
Its detailed process is: the user inputs the primary condition of on-site land survey, and provides grounding resistance and safety index, and the user inputs initial electrical network or automatically disposes typical earth mat by program afterwards; Use simultaneously or successively expand net, outward draw ground connection, local soil removal and replacement, increase vertical grounding electrode, the resistance of falling that the resistance mode of falling that increases slanting grounding electrode, deep-well grounding and explosion grounding is drawn grade, until the resistance value of falling after the resistance meets safety index; Thereby draw can satisfy the resistance demand falls and resistance mode and resistance reducing effect thereof specifically fall.
Described resistance reducing effect mainly comprise Optimized Measures combination implementation detail, implement after the calculated value of ground network ground resistance and step voltage, touch voltage, mesh voltage etc., provide simultaneously the cost after using this and falling the resistance combined measure.
Described application expand net, outward draw ground connection, local soil removal and replacement, increase vertical grounding electrode, the grade mode of drawing that increases slanting grounding electrode, deep-well grounding and explosion grounding is: the expansion net is category-A, priority is the highest, drawing ground connection outward is category-B, priority is taken second place, local soil removal and replacement, increase vertical grounding electrode, increase slanting grounding electrode, deep-well grounding and explosion grounding are listed as the C class, and priority is minimum.
Described priority is lower falls resistance all so that the optimum results after using the higher optimization of priority is the basis; Hinder requirement and safety index requirement if optimize satisfied the falling of the result who obtains, then no longer carry out the calculating of low priority measure; Fall resistance requirement and safety index requirement if the result who obtains does not satisfy, then proceed next stage optimization on the basis of upper level optimization; For the resistance mode of falling that is in same priority, all an above priority the resistance result falls as the basis, and be coordination mutually, mutually not with the other side for falling the resistance precondition.
The implementation step of the methods to reduce resistance of described grounding system is as follows:
(1) the grounding system user sets the target resistance values of grounding system, obtains the residing soil resistivity lift height of grounding system and grounding system area;
(2) according to the residing soil resistivity lift height of the above-mentioned grounding system of obtaining and grounding system area, an initial grounding system is set, calculate the resistance value of this initial grounding system, this resistance value and above-mentioned target resistance values are compared, if resistance value is less than target resistance values, then this initial grounding system is the target grounding system, if resistance value greater than target resistance values, is then carried out step (3);
(3) if allow the enlarged areas of grounding system, the maximum that then enlarged areas of initial grounding system is allowed to the grounding system user, when maximum that the enlarged areas of initial grounding system allows to the grounding system user, if resistance value is less than target resistance values, then according to the difference between resistance value and the target resistance values, reduce the area of grounding system, until the resistance value of grounding system equals target resistance values, if resistance value greater than target resistance values, is then carried out step (4);
(4) outside realizing, grounding system draws ground connection if allow, then will draw length outward and rise to the maximum that the grounding system user allows, if the gained grounding resistance is less than target resistance values, then according to the difference between resistance value and the target resistance values, reduce outer length of drawing ground connection, until the resistance value of grounding system equals target resistance values, if resistance value greater than target resistance values, is then carried out step (5);
(5) for increasing vertical grounding electrode, increasing slanting grounding electrode, deep-well grounding, explosion grounding and 5 measures of local soil removal and replacement, under the prerequisite of user selection, expand net and outside draw on the basis of ground connection result of calculation, calculate respectively, if the gained grounding resistance is less than target resistance values, then according to the difference between resistance value and the target resistance values, the resistance measure of the falling numerical value that adjusting increases newly, resistance value to grounding system equals target resistance values, if resistance value is greater than target resistance values, then finish to calculate, and record this resistance value;
(6) final program will provide the optimum organization of falling the resistance measure that user selection uses, and its implementation detail, safety index and required cost.
The beneficial effect of the methods to reduce resistance of grounding system of the present invention is: broken away to a certain extent the requirement of grounding design to project planner's experience; Take into account simultaneously the advantage of experience assessment and accurate Calculation, in the required precision of assurance Preliminary design, simplified repeatedly and unhelpful computational process has promoted operation efficiency, greatly reduced difficulty and the complexity of design of ground system.
1, the method for building up of the grounding system of the inventive method proposition, changed traditional design of ground system to the requirement of project planner's experience, therefore use the grounding system of this method design, more meet engineers and technicians' design requirement and thinking habit, thereby better serve engineering construction.
2, the inventive method combines the advantage of experience estimation and accurate Calculation, requires to have improved the design efficiency of grounding system on the basis in the precision that guarantees Preliminary design and details, has simplified step and the flow process of system, has reduced the design cost of grounding system.
3, the inventive method has considered fail safe and the economic index of grounding system in the design process of grounding system, and appraisement system is perfect, and evaluation criterion is comprehensive;
4, various optimizations the resistance measure falls and pluses and minuses assessments comprehensively, the optimum organization of proposition, order and tactful reasonable, feasible.
Embodiment
As Figure 1-3, the methods to reduce resistance of the described grounding system of the embodiment of the invention is according to grounding resistance and the safety index of user input, to resistance according to the mode of drawing the level down resistance simultaneously or be optimized successively, after resistance value after the optimization meets safety index, draw the concrete resistance mode of falling.Its detailed process is: the user inputs the primary condition of on-site land survey, and provides grounding resistance and safety index, and the user inputs initial electrical network or automatically disposes typical earth mat by program afterwards; Use simultaneously or successively expand net, outward draw ground connection, local soil removal and replacement, increase vertical grounding electrode, the resistance of falling that the resistance mode of falling that increases slanting grounding electrode, deep-well grounding and explosion grounding is drawn grade, until the resistance value of falling after the resistance meets safety index; Thereby draw can satisfy the resistance demand falls and resistance mode and resistance reducing effect thereof specifically fall, mainly comprise Optimized Measures combination implementation detail, implement after calculated value and other safety indexs (step voltage, touch voltage, mesh voltage etc.) of ground network ground resistance, provide simultaneously the cost after using this and falling the resistance combined measure.
Described application expand net, outward draw ground connection, local soil removal and replacement, increase vertical grounding electrode, the grade mode of drawing that increases slanting grounding electrode, deep-well grounding and explosion grounding is: the expansion net is category-A, priority is the highest, drawing ground connection outward is category-B, priority is taken second place, local soil removal and replacement, increase vertical grounding electrode, increase slanting grounding electrode, deep-well grounding and explosion grounding are listed as the C class, and priority is minimum.
Described priority is lower falls resistance all so that the optimum results after using the higher optimization of priority is the basis; Hinder requirement and safety index requirement if optimize satisfied the falling of the result who obtains, then no longer carry out the calculating of low priority measure; Fall resistance requirement and safety index requirement if the result who obtains does not satisfy, then proceed next stage optimization on the basis of upper level optimization; For the resistance mode of falling that is in same priority, all an above priority the resistance result falls as the basis, and be coordination mutually, mutually not with the other side for falling the resistance precondition.
The implementation step of the methods to reduce resistance of described grounding system is as follows:
(1) the grounding system user sets the target resistance values of grounding system, obtains the residing soil resistivity lift height of grounding system and grounding system area;
(2) according to the residing soil resistivity lift height of the above-mentioned grounding system of obtaining and grounding system area, an initial grounding system is set, calculate the resistance value of this initial grounding system, this resistance value and above-mentioned target resistance values are compared, if resistance value is less than target resistance values, then this initial grounding system is the target grounding system, if resistance value greater than target resistance values, is then carried out step (3);
(3) if allow the enlarged areas of grounding system, the maximum that then enlarged areas of initial grounding system is allowed to the grounding system user, when maximum that the enlarged areas of initial grounding system allows to the grounding system user, if resistance value is less than target resistance values, then according to the difference between resistance value and the target resistance values, reduce the area of grounding system, until the resistance value of grounding system equals target resistance values, if resistance value greater than target resistance values, is then carried out step (4);
(4) outside realizing, grounding system draws ground connection if allow, then will draw length outward and rise to the maximum that the grounding system user allows, if the gained grounding resistance is less than target resistance values, then according to the difference between resistance value and the target resistance values, reduce outer length of drawing ground connection, until the resistance value of grounding system equals target resistance values, if resistance value greater than target resistance values, is then carried out step (5);
(5) for increasing vertical grounding electrode, increasing slanting grounding electrode, deep-well grounding, explosion grounding and 5 measures of local soil removal and replacement, under the prerequisite of user selection, expand net and outside draw on the basis of ground connection result of calculation, calculate respectively.To increase vertical grounding electrode as example, at first vertical grounding electrode length is increased to the maximum that the grounding system user allows, if the gained grounding resistance is less than target resistance values, then according to the difference between resistance value and the target resistance values, reduce the length of vertical grounding electrode, until the resistance value of grounding system equals target resistance values, if resistance value is greater than target resistance values, then finish to calculate, and record this resistance value.
(6) final program will provide the optimum organization of falling the resistance measure that user selection uses, and its implementation detail, safety index and required cost.
The below is take Shandong 220kV transformer station as case:
The initial condition of known Shandong 220kV transformer station is as follows:
Transformer station's initial condition:
Optimize and fall resistance type selecting operational process:
1) initialization
Program has disposed an earth mat automatically according to this power station area, buried depth and level interval; The calculated resistance of calculating initial earth mat is 1.26 Ω, the correction factor that obtains this program be 1.33 (=1.26/0.95).
Here the correction factor of introducing, when referring to that the earth resistance exact value is known when unknown (be made as 1), the ratio of calculated value and exact value, result of calculation afterwards all will multiply by correction factor, to reduce the error of empirical equation, result of calculation cited below is revised result.
In addition, it is 0.9 that this program has also been introduced the nargin coefficient, also namely only have result of calculation less than safety index 90% the time, just be considered to satisfy condition, this mainly considers the inaccuracy of empirical equation and has suitably improved standard.
2) expand net
With enlarged areas to maximum 30000, simultaneously according to initial condition, the in proportion mesh count of corresponding change level net, girth, conductor overall length etc., the earth resistance that calculates this moment is 0.70>0.50*0.9.
Do not satisfy safety condition, but according to winning system, use this measure, then continue additive method.
3) outer drawing
30m is outer can be drawn outward, and the earth resistance that calculates this moment is 0.58>0.50*0.9.
Do not satisfy safety condition, but according to winning system, use this measure, then continue additive method.
4) local soil removal and replacement
Programmed decision topsoil resistivity is lower, automatically skips this measure.
5) vertical grounding electrode
(20,100m), the earth resistance that calculates this moment is 0.54>0.50*0.9 according to maximum configuration vertical grounding electrode.
Do not satisfy safety condition, according to equalization system, abandon this measure, then continue additive method.
6) slanting grounding electrode
(20,100m), the earth resistance that calculates this moment is 0.51>0.50*0.9 according to maximum configuration slanting grounding electrode.
Satisfy safety condition, calculating at this moment, cost is; According to equalization system, the ground system when not using slanting grounding electrode is the basis, continues additive method.
7) deep well grounding electrode
Without water table, this method is unavailable.
8) the explosion grounding utmost point
(20,100m), the earth resistance that calculates this moment is 0.48>0.50*0.9 according to the maximum configuration explosion grounding utmost point.
9) increase earth electrode after the local soil removal and replacement
Although we find that these measures have played the effect of falling resistance, all do not satisfy safety index.According to this paper mistake! Do not find Reference source.Part is described, will to the local soil removal and replacement of this System Implementation, then continue to add earth electrode.But program finds that this routine mesexine soil is lower, therefore no longer carries out the trial of this measure.
10) finish
Program shows optimum results, so far, and the program end of run.
Draw to optimize and fall the resistance result:
Grounding system after the Substation Optimization
Can find out that for present case, expand net, draw with simultaneously use of earth electrode and can make earth resistance near desired value, resistance reducing effect meets universal experience and expection outward.Because needing to produce reality according to local society, the cost cost decides, here vacancy.
More than; be preferred embodiment of the present invention only, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention in.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range that claim was defined.