CN102854471A - Method and device for metering electric quantity of battery - Google Patents
Method and device for metering electric quantity of battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN102854471A CN102854471A CN2012103286482A CN201210328648A CN102854471A CN 102854471 A CN102854471 A CN 102854471A CN 2012103286482 A CN2012103286482 A CN 2012103286482A CN 201210328648 A CN201210328648 A CN 201210328648A CN 102854471 A CN102854471 A CN 102854471A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for metering electric quantity of a battery. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring a resistance value of an internal resistor between a PMU (power management unit) and the battery; acquiring a dynamic internal resistor voltage value of the internal resistor, acquiring a dynamic PMU voltage value read by the PMU, and adding the dynamic internal resistor voltage value and the dynamic PMU voltage value to obtain a dynamic system internal resistor voltage value; calculating a dynamic system current value according to a formula I=V/R; and integrating the dynamic system current value according to a formula Q=summa (I1dt1)+ summa (I2dt2)+ summa (I3dt3)+ summa (Indtn) so as to obtain the electric quantity of the battery. In the formula I=V/R, the V is the dynamic system internal resistor voltage value, the R is the resistance value of the internal resistor; and in the formula Q=summa (I1dt1)+ summa (I2dt2)+ summa (I3dt3)+ summa (Indtn), I1, I2, I3 and In are dynamic system current values respectively corresponding to time ranges of t1, t2, t3 and tn. The electric quantity of the battery is accurately metered by a pure software mode, cost is low, and extra energy consumption is also low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electric quantity metering technology of a kind of rechargeable battery (for example lithium battery), relate in particular to a kind of battery electric quantity metering method and measuring apparatus.
Background technology
Along with a large amount of uses of the rechargeable batteries such as lithium battery on handheld device (such as smart mobile phone, panel computer, notebook computer etc.); if equipment can be known the battery electric quantity of self accurately; not only can well protect rechargeable battery; preventing that it from crossing discharges and recharges; increase rechargeable battery serviceable life, simultaneously, the time that also can allow the user can use according to the dump energy estimation; preserve timely significant data, thereby bring safe experience to the user.
The method of estimation of common battery electric quantity is by reading simply the voltage of rechargeable battery, by this magnitude of voltage rough estimate battery electric quantity, then show the electric weight scope by histogram.Yet, battery electric quantity and its voltage are not the relation of a linearity, the value of voltage can not correctly reflect the situation of electric weight, sometimes the variation meeting of voltage occurs suddenly uprising along with the variation of load or the phenomenon of step-down, electric weight did not successively decrease when this obviously met discharge, the ultimate principle that electric weight increases progressively during charging, thereby can not accurately estimate battery electric quantity.
For improving the accuracy of battery electric quantity estimation, the voltameter chip of a lot of special uses in the market has been born, this voltameter built-in chip type is come the battery electric quantity of computing equipment in equipment, thereby the demonstration of battery electric quantity has been become more exact figure demonstration by original histogram, and precision is greatly improved.MAX17040 series voltameter chip such as U.S. letter company, its principle is to formulate a plurality of discharge curves according to lithium battery under different loads, and set up a plurality of corresponding tables of data, at last, need the abundant voltage data of circle collection, then the algorithm through series of complex calculates current loading condition and an integrated voltage value, finds corresponding battery curve, draws dump energy by tabling look-up.The BQ27425 voltameter chip of TI company for another example, its principle is that an interior resistance string of voltameter chip is at the rechargeable battery positive and negative end, when electric current flows through this resistance, resistance has change in voltage, by detecting resistive voltage, in conjunction with calculating the rechargeable battery impedance transformation, calculate electric current through algorithm again, electric current is done time integral calculate, obtain dump energy.
Above-mentioned employing voltameter chip calculates the electric weight of rechargeable battery, although can estimate comparatively accurately battery electric quantity, but the price comparison of this voltameter chip is expensive, thereby increased the cost of equipment, even and this voltameter chip is also being worked when entering the standby dormancy in system always, thereby increased extra load to system, also consumed more electric weight.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of accurate measurement and lower-cost battery electric quantity metering method and measuring apparatus.
For achieving the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of battery electric quantity metering method, may further comprise the steps:
Obtain in advance the resistance of the internal resistance between PMU and the described battery;
Obtain the dynamic internal resistance magnitude of voltage of described internal resistance, and obtain the dynamic PMU magnitude of voltage that described PMU reads, described dynamic internal resistance magnitude of voltage and the addition of described dynamic PMU magnitude of voltage are obtained dynamic system internal resistance magnitude of voltage;
Calculate the dynamic system current value according to formula I=V/R, wherein, V is described dynamic system internal resistance magnitude of voltage, and R is the resistance of described internal resistance;
According to formula Q=∫ I
1Dt
1+ ∫ I
2Dt
2+ ∫ I
3Dt
3+ ∫ I
nDt
nDescribed dynamic system current value is carried out integration obtain battery electric quantity, wherein, I
1To I
nFor at t
1To t
nTime period is distinguished corresponding dynamic system current value.
On the one hand, the present invention also provides a kind of battery electric quantity metering device, comprising again:
The internal resistance computing module is for the resistance of obtaining in advance the internal resistance between PMU and the described battery;
The voltage computing module is used for obtaining the dynamic internal resistance magnitude of voltage of described internal resistance, and obtains the dynamic PMU magnitude of voltage that described PMU reads; Described dynamic internal resistance magnitude of voltage and the addition of described dynamic PMU magnitude of voltage are obtained dynamic system internal resistance magnitude of voltage;
The Current calculation module is used for calculating described dynamic system current value according to formula I=V/R, and wherein, I is the dynamic system current value, and V is described dynamic system internal resistance magnitude of voltage, and R is the resistance of described internal resistance;
The current integration module is used for according to formula Q=∫ I
1Dt
1+ ∫ I
2Dt
2+ ∫ I
3Dt
3+ ∫ I
nDt
nDescribed dynamic system current value is carried out integration obtain battery electric quantity, wherein, Q is battery electric quantity, I
1To I
nFor at t
1To t
nTime period is distinguished corresponding dynamic system current value.
Because battery electric quantity is itself point and total amount, thereby the variation that reflects its electric weight with the variation of electric charge science more.Battery electric quantity metering method of the present invention adopt just the current integration method realization to the accurate-metering of battery electric quantity, and the method adopts pure software to realize, do not need to use the voltameter chip, thereby, in the accurate-metering of realizing battery electric quantity, also saved system cost, and owing to saved the voltameter chip, thereby so that the extra power consumption of system still less.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the functional module framework figure of an embodiment of battery electric quantity metering device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the state flow path switch figure among the embodiment of battery electric quantity metering method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail:
The battery electric quantity metering method of present embodiment comprises the steps:
At first, obtain in advance PMU(is Power Management Unit) and battery between the resistance of internal resistance.Existing system (such as smart mobile phone etc.) hardware environment that provides does not provide the device (for example coulombmeter/galvanometer) of timely acquisition electric current, so can't directly obtain dynamic current, and because wiring and battery connector between PMU and the battery have very little internal resistance, and curent change can cause the internal resistance change in voltage, and internal resistance voltage we can read, so can simulate coulombmeter by electric current=internal resistance voltage/internal resistance.Wherein, internal resistance we can be by any one obtains in the following dual mode, take the smart mobile phone of a high-pass platform as example:
1, in discharge process:
Obtain the average current value of system under the standby interface state, it is instantaneous to switch to the standby interface state in system from sleep state, the voltage change of PMU is the internal resistance magnitude of voltage that internal resistance produces, and the internal resistance magnitude of voltage that then internal resistance is produced can obtain the resistance of internal resistance divided by average current value.Through measurement, the average current 80MA of this system under the standby interface state, it is instantaneous to switch to the standby interface state in system from sleep state, because battery behavior cell voltage V
bConstant, the voltage V of readable PMU
pDecline 20mv, i.e. internal resistance voltage V
RIncrease 20mv (electric current increases the resistance both end voltage and becomes large) thus can calculate internal resistance probably into:
R=V
R/I
R=20mv/80ma=0.25Ω。
2, in charging process:
Obtain the charging current value of system under charged state, it is instantaneous to switch to charged state in system, and the voltage change of PMU is the internal resistance magnitude of voltage that internal resistance produces; Then the internal resistance magnitude of voltage that internal resistance is produced can obtain the resistance of internal resistance divided by charging current value.For example when for charged state, its charging current is generally 450ma.When system inserts the charging of USB charger, the voltage V of PMU
pMoment has increased 120mv, is internal resistance voltage V
RAdded value, so internal resistance is:
R=V
R/I
R=120mv/450ma=0.26Ω。
Secondly, obtain the dynamic internal resistance magnitude of voltage of internal resistance, and obtain the dynamic PMU magnitude of voltage that PMU reads, dynamic internal resistance magnitude of voltage and dynamic PMU magnitude of voltage addition are obtained dynamic system internal resistance magnitude of voltage.
Again, calculate the dynamic system current value according to formula I=V/R, wherein, V is dynamic system internal resistance magnitude of voltage, and R is the resistance of internal resistance.According to I=V/R, just can obtain corresponding dynamic system current value as long as obtain dynamic internal resistance voltage jump now.Again according to battery behavior, the electric current that each different application is corresponding different, when the moment that is switched to Another application by an application, system power can be from a current-jump to another electric current, in the moment of curent change, internal resistance voltage has an instantaneous abrupt change, and the voltage/resistance of this instantaneous abrupt change is exactly the changing value of system power, and the stable rear internal resistance voltage of system power is also constant afterwards.Little curent change is to large electric current, internal resistance voltage can transient state become large, the voltage of PMU can transient state diminish, otherwise, the voltage of PMU can transient state become large, so as long as under sleep state, the changing value of moment internal resistance voltage is carried out vector and calculating from system, just can obtain when front lower dynamic system current value.
At last, according to formula Q=∫ I
1Dt
1+ ∫ I
2Dt
2+ ∫ I
3Dt
3+ ∫ I
nDt
nThe dynamic system current value is carried out integration obtain battery electric quantity, wherein, I
1To I
nFor at t
1To t
nTime period is distinguished corresponding dynamic system current value.In addition, for electric weight according to percentages show, need to obtain the charge value of 1% unit, i.e. the total electric weight of 1% unit quantity of electricity=battery/100.What present embodiment adopted calculates electric weight take 5 seconds as chronomere carries out current integration, integration when this unit is maximum current in system is less than 1%, carried out current integration every 5 seconds, when reaching 1% electric quantity change, allow system just change 1%, so just realized using the percentages show electric weight, and be 1% precision.
Because system's operation has different states, in order better to realize the electric current voltameter, the capable integral and calculating battery electric quantity of the electric current of present embodiment is divided into sleep state, standby interface state, running status and four different conditions mechanism of charged state according to actual conditions, as shown in Figure 2, its concrete state flow path switch is as follows:
At first, calculate the initial cells electric weight according to the cell voltage curve table.
Secondly, whether detection system is current is in charged state, if be in charged state, then carry out the charged state current integration, to be chargedly change standby interface state current integration over to after complete, if be not in charged state, then directly carry out standby interface state current integration.
In carrying out standby interface state current integral process, judge whether system power has saltus step, if having, then change the running status current integration over to, otherwise, proceed standby interface state current integration.
In carrying out standby interface state or running status current integration process, after receiving button sleep instruction, triggering system changes sleep state over to.
When system receives that button wakes instruction up in sleep state, judge whether this sleep state duration surpasses 5 minutes (because sleep more than 5 minutes in system, cell voltage tends towards stability, and at this time the voltage of sampling can reflect the real voltage value of battery); If surpass, then this sleep state is carried out the sleep state integration, and according to the cell voltage curve table, the battery electric quantity that current sleep state integrating meter is calculated carries out the battery curve assisted calibration, changes standby interface state current integration after the calibration over to again; If do not surpass 5 minutes, then this sleep state is carried out the sleep state integration, then directly change standby interface state current integration over to.
The formulating method of above-mentioned cell voltage curve table is specific as follows:
Use the battery charging and discharging tester that full battery is carried out the 100MA constant-current discharge, with discharge data arrangement taking-up 100 values wherein that draw, the i.e. corresponding charge value of 1% to 100% battery electric quantity, and make the value of taking-up can smoothly reflect discharge curve as far as possible, the battery curve table below then order forms by size.
{3500,3555,3582,3604,3624,3633,3640,3647,3654,3661},/*1-10*/
{3669,3677,3685,3694,3703,3709,3715,3721,3727,3733},/*11-20*/
{3739,3746,3753,3761,3769,3777,3785,3793,3799,3803},/*21-30*/
{3805,3807,3811,3815,3819,3824,3829,3834,3839,3844},/*31-40*/
{3850,3857,3865,3873,3880,3886,3893,3898,3903,3905},/*41-50*/
{3907,3909,3912,3914,3916,3918,3921,3924,3927,3932},/*51-60*/
{3936,3939,3942,3945,3948,3951,3954,3957,3960,3964},/*61-70*/
{3968,3972,3978,3984,3988,3992,3996,4000,4002,4004},/*71-80*/
{4012,4016,4021,4026,4031,4038,4043,4054,4062,4070},/*81-90*/
{4079,4088,4096,4106,4113,4122,4133,4145,4154,4160},/*91-100*/
Wherein, 10 values of the first row represent electric weight 1% to 10% corresponding magnitude of voltage, the like, be the cell voltage curve table of 1% to 100% correspondence.
We know that temperature factor can exert an influence to battery electric quantity: when temperature was high, battery was active large, and battery can provide more total electric weight; When temperature was low, the battery activity was low, and total electric weight that battery provides can reduce.Based on this, in the constant temperature oven of several classical temperature such as-15 ℃, 0 ℃, 25 ℃, 40 ℃ and 60 ℃, use respectively constant flow discharging device to the battery constant-current discharge that is full of electricity, until the discharge cut-off according to multiply by constant current value discharge time, calculates the total electric weight under each temperature.Then calculate 1% unit quantity of electricity value under each temperature with the total electric weight under each temperature.After the current environment temperature of system acquisition, can according to 1% unit quantity of electricity standard value under these each temperature that precompute, the battery electric quantity that calculates under the current environmental temperature be compensated calibration, thereby further improved the accuracy of battery electric quantity.
With reference to shown in Figure 1, the battery electric quantity metering device of present embodiment comprises internal resistance computing module, voltage computing module, Current calculation module, current integration module and temperature compensation calibration module.Wherein, the internal resistance computing module is used for obtaining in advance the resistance of the internal resistance between PMU and the battery, as for resistance how to obtain internal resistance, please refer to the internal resistance obtain manner in the above-mentioned battery electric quantity metering method, does not repeat them here.The voltage computing module is used for obtaining the dynamic internal resistance magnitude of voltage of internal resistance, and obtains the dynamic PMU magnitude of voltage that PMU reads; Dynamic internal resistance magnitude of voltage and dynamic PMU magnitude of voltage addition are obtained dynamic system internal resistance magnitude of voltage.The Current calculation module is used for calculating the dynamic system current value according to formula I=V/R, and wherein, I is the dynamic system current value, and V is dynamic system internal resistance magnitude of voltage, and R is the resistance of internal resistance.The current integration module is used for according to formula Q=∫ I
1Dt
1+ ∫ I
2Dt
2+ ∫ I
3Dt
3+ ∫ I
nDt
nThe dynamic system current value is carried out integration obtain battery electric quantity, wherein, Q is battery electric quantity, I
1To I
nFor at t
1To t
nTime period is distinguished corresponding dynamic system current value, the current integration module of present embodiment is divided into sleep state, standby interface state, running status and four different conditions mechanism of charged state equally, its concrete state flow path switch please refer to the state flow path switch in the above-mentioned battery electric quantity metering method, does not repeat them here.The temperature compensation calibration module is used for obtaining the current residing environment temperature of system, and the unit quantity of electricity standard value according under each temperature that precomputes compensates calibration to the battery electric quantity that calculates under the current environmental temperature.The actual temp compensation way please refer to the temperature compensation mode in the above-mentioned battery electric quantity metering method, does not repeat them here.
Above embodiment is described preferred implementation of the present invention; be not that scope of the present invention is limited; design under the prerequisite of spirit not breaking away from the present invention; various distortion and improvement that the common engineering technical personnel in this area make technical scheme of the present invention all should fall in the definite protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a battery electric quantity metering method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Obtain in advance the resistance of the internal resistance between PMU and the described battery;
Obtain the dynamic internal resistance magnitude of voltage of described internal resistance, and obtain the dynamic PMU magnitude of voltage that described PMU reads, described dynamic internal resistance magnitude of voltage and the addition of described dynamic PMU magnitude of voltage are obtained dynamic system internal resistance magnitude of voltage;
Calculate the dynamic system current value according to formula I=V/R, wherein, V is described dynamic system internal resistance magnitude of voltage, and R is the resistance of described internal resistance;
According to formula Q=∫ I
1Dt
1+ ∫ I
2Dt
2+ ∫ I
3Dt
3+ ∫ I
nDt
nDescribed dynamic system current value is carried out integration obtain battery electric quantity, wherein, I
1To I
nFor at t
1To t
nTime period is distinguished corresponding dynamic system current value.
2. battery electric quantity metering method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described resistance of obtaining in advance the internal resistance between PMU and the described battery specifically comprises:
Obtain the average current value of system under the standby interface state, it is instantaneous to switch to the standby interface state in system from sleep state, the voltage change of described PMU is the internal resistance magnitude of voltage that described internal resistance produces, and the internal resistance magnitude of voltage that then described internal resistance is produced can obtain the resistance of described internal resistance divided by described average current value; Perhaps,
Obtain the charging current value of system under charged state, it is instantaneous to switch to charged state in system, and the voltage change of described PMU is the internal resistance magnitude of voltage that described internal resistance produces; Then the internal resistance magnitude of voltage that described internal resistance is produced can obtain the resistance of described internal resistance divided by described charging current value.
3. battery electric quantity metering method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, also comprises:
The current residing environment temperature of the system that obtains;
Unit quantity of electricity standard value according under each temperature that precomputes compensates calibration to the battery electric quantity that calculates under the current environmental temperature.
4. battery electric quantity metering method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the capable integral and calculating battery electric quantity of described electric current is divided into sleep state, standby interface state, running status and four different conditions mechanism of charged state, and its concrete state flow path switch is as follows:
Calculate the initial cells electric weight;
Whether detection system is current is in charged state, if be in charged state, then carries out the charged state current integration, to be chargedly changes standby interface state current integration over to after complete, if be not in charged state, then directly carries out standby interface state current integration;
In carrying out standby interface state current integral process, judge whether system power has saltus step, if having, then change the running status current integration over to, otherwise, proceed standby interface state current integration;
In carrying out standby interface state or running status current integration process, after receiving button sleep instruction, triggering system changes sleep state over to.
5. battery electric quantity metering method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described state flow path switch also comprises:
When system receives that button wakes instruction up in sleep state, judge whether this sleep state duration surpasses setting-up time, if surpass, then this sleep state is carried out the sleep state integration, and according to the corresponding cell voltage curve table of 1% to 100% battery electric quantity that in advance full battery is being carried out setting up in the constant-current discharge process, the battery electric quantity that current sleep state integrating meter is calculated carries out the battery curve assisted calibration, changes standby interface state current integration after the calibration over to again; If do not surpass described setting-up time, then this sleep state is carried out the sleep state integration, then directly change standby interface state current integration over to.
6. a battery electric quantity metering device is characterized in that, comprising:
The internal resistance computing module is for the resistance of obtaining in advance the internal resistance between PMU and the described battery;
The voltage computing module is used for obtaining the dynamic internal resistance magnitude of voltage of described internal resistance, and obtains the dynamic PMU magnitude of voltage that described PMU reads; Described dynamic internal resistance magnitude of voltage and the addition of described dynamic PMU magnitude of voltage are obtained dynamic system internal resistance magnitude of voltage;
The Current calculation module is used for calculating described dynamic system current value according to formula I=V/R, and wherein, I is the dynamic system current value, and V is described dynamic system internal resistance magnitude of voltage, and R is the resistance of described internal resistance;
The current integration module is used for according to formula Q=∫ I
1Dt
1+ ∫ I
2Dt
2+ ∫ I
3Dt
3+ ∫ I
nDt
nDescribed dynamic system current value is carried out integration obtain battery electric quantity, wherein, Q is battery electric quantity, I
1To I
nFor at t
1To t
nTime period is distinguished corresponding dynamic system current value.
7. battery electric quantity metering device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the mode of resistance that described internal resistance computing module obtains the internal resistance between PMU and the battery is as follows:
Obtain the average current value of system under the standby interface state, switch to standby interface state transient state in system from sleep state, the voltage change that gets access to described PMU is the internal resistance magnitude of voltage that described internal resistance produces, and the internal resistance magnitude of voltage that then described internal resistance is produced can obtain the resistance of described internal resistance divided by described average current value; Perhaps,
Obtain the charging current value of system under charged state, switch to the charged state transient state in system, the voltage change that gets access to described PMU is the internal resistance magnitude of voltage that described internal resistance produces; Then the internal resistance magnitude of voltage that described internal resistance is produced can obtain the resistance of described internal resistance divided by described charging current value.
8. battery electric quantity metering device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, also comprises:
The temperature compensation calibration module is used for obtaining the current residing environment temperature of system, and the unit quantity of electricity standard value according under each temperature that precomputes compensates calibration to the battery electric quantity that calculates under the current environmental temperature.
9. battery electric quantity metering device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described current integration module is divided into sleep state, standby interface state, running status and four different conditions mechanism of charged state, and its concrete state flow path switch is as follows:
Calculate the initial cells electric weight;
Whether detection system is current is in charged state, if be in charged state, then carries out the charged state current integration, to be chargedly changes standby interface state current integration over to after complete, if be not in charged state, then directly carries out standby interface state current integration;
In carrying out standby interface state current integral process, judge whether system power has saltus step, if having, then change the running status current integration over to, otherwise, proceed standby interface state current integration;
In carrying out standby interface state or running status current integration process, after receiving button sleep instruction, triggering system changes sleep state over to.
10. battery electric quantity metering device according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the flow path switch of described current integration module also comprises:
When system receives that button wakes instruction up in sleep state, judge whether this sleep state duration surpasses setting-up time, if surpass, then this sleep state is carried out the sleep state integration, and according to the corresponding cell voltage curve table of 1% to 100% battery electric quantity that in advance full battery is being carried out setting up in the constant-current discharge process, the battery electric quantity that current sleep state integrating meter is calculated carries out the battery curve assisted calibration, changes standby interface state current integration after the calibration over to again; If do not surpass described setting-up time, then this sleep state is carried out the sleep state integration, then directly change standby interface state current integration over to.
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