CN102825350A - Motion control method and motion control device for improving process conditions of electromachining - Google Patents
Motion control method and motion control device for improving process conditions of electromachining Download PDFInfo
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- CN102825350A CN102825350A CN2012102925173A CN201210292517A CN102825350A CN 102825350 A CN102825350 A CN 102825350A CN 2012102925173 A CN2012102925173 A CN 2012102925173A CN 201210292517 A CN201210292517 A CN 201210292517A CN 102825350 A CN102825350 A CN 102825350A
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- servo feed
- motion
- big stroke
- voice coil
- coil motor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a motion control method and a motion control device for improving process conditions of electromachining. Motions in the same linear direction are divided into large-travel servo feed motions and small-travel fast retuning/resetting motions. The large-travel servo feed motions are implemented by a microcomputer control system according to set motion trajectory. The small-travel fast retuning/resetting motions are implemented by the microcomputer control system during large-travel servo feeding according to the machining requirements. The motion control device comprises a servo motor, a ball screw, a first linear guide rail mechanism, a voice coil motor and a second linear guide rail mechanism. The servo motor, the ball screw and the first linear guide rail mechanism are used to implement the large-travel servo feed motions. The voice coil motor and the second linear guide rail mechanism are used to implement the small-travel fast retuning/resetting motions. The motion control method and the motion control device are capable of improving process conditions of electromachining, machining efficiency, machining stability and machining controllability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to accurate digital control electric machining (mainly comprising spark machined and Electrolyzed Processing) process control and apparatus field, be specifically related to a kind of motion control method and device that is used to improve the electric machining process condition.
Background technology
Spark machined and Electrolyzed Processing are modal two kinds of processing methods in the electric machining, and they utilize spark discharge corrosion or electrochemical corrosion principle to realize non-contacting little gap processing.
In the electric machining process, for the stability that improves machining gap with improve working solution and upgrade, be designed with automatically or force the chip removal function usually.But the result who does has like this sacrificed pulse utilization rate and process velocity.Because main shaft rollback/reseting movement speed is slow, influences process time, produce carbon distribution, short circuit, arcing phenomenon in order to prevent machining gap; Often require main tapping to return back to starting point; Changed feeding processing again after the parameter, need change rule sometimes accurate nearly tens times, the process time of waste is more.Therefore, main axle moving speed is fast more, and rollback/reset is few more with the time that idle running moves waste, and total processing erosion removes rate will be high more.
Generally adopt electric rotating machine+ball-screw+linear guide rail structure on the electrical process machine at present.This structure shows good performance when being used for low speed, high like precision, good stability, and cost is low etc.But receive the lagging influence of links such as its driving-chain shaft coupling, ball-screw when being used for high speed; The raising of its speed and acceleration is restricted; And at the quick rollback of main shaft/when resetting because load is big, inertia is big; Motor and lathe rigidity are had higher requirement, can not satisfy the needs of modern processing.In recent years, the electrical process machine that is directly driven by linear servo-actuator is applied in some high-grade precise numerical control machines.The single step response and the servo tracking response performance of linear electric motors are good, and processing is stable, under the prerequisite of high speed, can realize high accuracy, high response, low vibration.But its price exceeds much than rotation servomotor+ball-screw apparatus; And heating is big; Need special cooling system, the influence of the controlled stability of a system of its reliability has considerable influence to surrounding enviroment; Must take effectively at a distance from magnetic and safeguard procedures with partition magnetic field to the influence of rolling guide with to the absorption of magnetic dirt; And when identical torque was provided, the energy of its consumption was Duoed more than one times than " electric rotating machine+ball-screw+line slideway " structure approximately, did not meet the modern requirement energy-saving and cost-reducing, green manufacturing of making.And the voice coil motor identical with the linear electric motors principle also can be realized at a high speed, high acceleration, high accuracy, high thrust and relatively little stroke; And its structure is much littler than linear electric motors; Low price, control is convenient, can replace linear electric motors to realize function corresponding under certain condition.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of existing electric machining, propose a kind of motion control method and device that is used to improve the electric machining process condition.This motion control method is divided into big stroke servo feed motion and the quick rollback/reseting movement of little stroke with the motion on the same rectilinear direction; And control the big stroke servo feed of realization through Control System of Microcomputer according to set movement locus and move, Control System of Microcomputer is according to the quick rollback/reseting movement of the processing needs control little stroke of realization in the process of big stroke servo feed.Utilize low-speed motion precision height in servomotor+ball-screw+linear guide rail structure, good stability, the advantage that cost is low realizes big stroke servo feed motion; Utilize that voice coil motor+linear guide rail structure is high-speed, high acceleration, high accuracy, economy and control simple advantage and realize quick rollback/reseting movement.Both satisfy electric machining and improved the needs of fabrication process condition, improved working (machining) efficiency, processing stability and process controllability again.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme for solving its technical problem:
A kind of motion control method that is used to improve the electric machining process condition is divided into big stroke servo feed motion and the quick rollback/reseting movement of little stroke with the motion on the same rectilinear direction; Control System of Microcomputer realizes big stroke servo feed motion according to set movement locus control, and in the process of big stroke servo feed, control realizes the quick rollback/reseting movement of little stroke to Control System of Microcomputer according to the processing needs.
Said big stroke servo feed motion is realized through servomotor+ball-screw+linear guide rail structure by Control System of Microcomputer control servomotor.
Quick rollback/the reseting movement of said little stroke is realized through voice coil motor+linear guide rail structure by Control System of Microcomputer control voice coil motor.
Another technical purpose of the present invention provides a kind of above-mentioned telecontrol equipment that improves the motion control method of electric machining process condition; Comprise base, big stroke servo feed mechanism and the main shaft that is connected with the clutch end of big stroke servo feed mechanism; Big stroke servo feed mechanism is fixedly mounted on the base; The clutch end of said big stroke servo feed mechanism is connected with main shaft through the quick rollback/resetting-mechanism of little stroke, and the power outbound course of big stroke servo feed mechanism is parallel with the power outbound course of the quick rollback/resetting-mechanism of little stroke.
Said big stroke servo feed mechanism comprises servomotor, ball-screw, first linear rolling track and slide carriage; Servomotor is fixedly mounted on the base, and slide carriage is connected with base through first linear rolling track, and the clutch end of servomotor is connected with slide carriage through ball-screw.
Quick rollback/the resetting-mechanism of said little stroke comprises voice coil motor, second linear rolling track and supports mounting blocks; The base of voice coil motor is fixedly mounted on the slide carriage through supporting mounting blocks, between main shaft and the support mounting blocks second linear rolling track is set, and the clutch end of voice coil motor is connected with main shaft.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is following:
1, motion control method of the present invention is divided into big stroke servo feed motion and the quick rollback/reseting movement of little stroke with the motion on the same rectilinear direction; Realized the separately control of big stroke servo feed motion and the quick rollback/reseting movement of little stroke; In the process of big stroke servo feed motion, can realize the quick rollback/reseting movement of little stroke through the quick rollback/resetting-mechanism of little stroke according to processing needs control voice coil motor; Can effectively improve the working solution update condition, help elaboration products and discharge, thereby improve working (machining) efficiency; Realize precision EDM, particularly significant for the precision EDM of dark narrow die cavity.
2, telecontrol equipment of the present invention is owing to disposed the quick rollback/resetting-mechanism of little stroke; Therefore; For the servomotor+ball-screw+linear guide rail structure that generally adopts at present; Have higher movement velocity and acceleration, its acceleration of motion can reach 1.5g ~ 3.0g, and is highly beneficial with the discharge elaboration products for upgrading working solution in the electric machining process.Linear electric motors+linear guide rail structure on more relative high-grade accurate digital control electrical process machines, simple in structure, economic its complete machine energy consumption is low.
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Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of motion control method system diagram that is used to improve the electric machining process condition;
Fig. 2 is a kind of telecontrol equipment structure diagram that is used to improve the electric machining process condition.
The drawing reference numeral explanation:
The 1-main shaft; 2-supports mounting blocks; The 3-linear rolling track; The 4-voice coil motor; The 5-ball-screw; The 6-servomotor; The 7-slide carriage; The 8-base.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the invention is explained further details.
As shown in Figure 1; Control System of Microcomputer is regulated (for example demanding productivity ratio and low electrode loss during roughing according to processing actual conditions needs paired pulses power parameter (like current/voltage size, pulse frequency and dutycycle etc.); Considered is selected the pulse width of broad for use, selects suitable pulse peak current for use; During fine finishining; Roughness is required height, therefore should select narrow pulsewidth, the small leak electric current); And control realizes big stroke servo feed motion; Be greater than or less than and set machining gap △ (motion of control servomotor compensates servo gap through servomotor+ball-screw+linear guide rail structure when being generally 0.01 ~ 0.5mm), realizes uniform gap processing when detecting machining gap; (how to produce) when in the process of servo feed, detecting the interpolar state and changing by phenomenons such as carbon distribution, short circuit, arcings; The motion of control voice coil motor; Realize that through voice coil motor+linear guide rail structure the quick rollback of little stroke/resetting, (the rollback amount is 1 ~ 10mm; Rollback/the acceleration that resets can reach 1.5g ~ 3g), improves working solution and upgrades, is beneficial to elaboration products and discharge, thereby improve working (machining) efficiency and processing stability.
As shown in Figure 2; Telecontrol equipment of the present invention comprises main shaft 1, support mounting blocks 2, two groups of linear rolling tracks that laterally arrange 3, voice coil motor 4, ball-screw 5, servomotor 6, slide carriage 7 and bases 8; In addition; The linear rolling track that the application adopted is accurate linear rolling track, respectively the motion of slide carriage and main shaft is led, and improves both kinematic accuracies.Wherein: main shaft is installed on the moving-coil of voice coil motor, along with the motion of moving-coil is moved along the second accurate linear rolling track; The voice coil motor and the second accurate linear rolling track all are fixed on and support on the mounting blocks, are installed on the slide carriage and support mounting blocks; Slide carriage moves up and down along the first accurate linear rolling track under the effect of ball-screw.Motion on the same rectilinear direction comprises big stroke servo feed mechanism and the quick rollback/resetting-mechanism of little stroke.Big stroke servo feed mechanism comprises: servomotor 6, ball-screw 5, first accurate linear rolling track 3 and the slide carriage 7; Quick rollback/the resetting-mechanism of little stroke then comprises: voice coil motor 4, second accurate linear rolling track 3 and support mounting blocks 2.
Embodiment 1, is used for spark machined.Microcomputer selects narrow pulsewidth, small leak current and power supply parameter to carry out fine finishining; Machining gap is △=0.05 ~ 0.1mm; And the motion of control servomotor, realizing big stroke servo feed motion through big stroke servo feed mechanism, this big stroke servo feed mechanism specifically comprises: servomotor 6; Ball-screw 5, the first accurate linear rolling tracks 3 and slide carriage 7; And this process is accurately controlled through position, speed feedback; In the process of servo feed; When detecting the interpolar state and changing, as when detecting arcing, the motion of control voice coil motor; Realize the quick rollback of little stroke through the quick rollback of little stroke/resetting-mechanism control; Quick rollback/the resetting-mechanism of this little stroke specifically comprises: voice coil motor 4, second accurate linear rolling track 3 and support mounting blocks 2, and the rollback amount is generally 2 ~ 5mm, and the rollback acceleration is 1.0g ~ 2.5g; Can significantly improve the working solution renewal and be beneficial to elaboration products and discharge, thereby improve spark machined efficient and surface quality.
Embodiment 2, are used for Electrolyzed Processing.The motion of microcomputer control servomotor realizes big stroke servo feed motion through big stroke servo feed mechanism, and through position, speed feedback this process is accurately controlled; In the process of servo feed; When detecting the interpolar state and changing, as when detecting electric current and sharply changing, the motion of control voice coil motor; Realize the quick rollback of main shaft through the quick rollback of little stroke/resetting-mechanism; The rollback amount is 2 ~ 5mm, and the rollback acceleration is 1g ~ 2.5g, and main shaft resets and continues processing behind stop 1 ~ 5s.Can certainly realize vibration feed according to the processing needs; And this process can accurately be controlled through position, speed, current feedback; Discharge for flowing field stability that improves Electrolyzed Processing and Electrolyzed Processing product is highly beneficial, thereby can realize the accurate Electrolyzed Processing of little interstitial vibration feeding.
Claims (6)
1. a motion control method that is used to improve the electric machining process condition is characterized in that, the motion on the same rectilinear direction is divided into big stroke servo feed motion and the quick rollback/reseting movement of little stroke; Control System of Microcomputer realizes big stroke servo feed motion according to set movement locus control, and in the process of big stroke servo feed, control realizes the quick rollback/reseting movement of little stroke to Control System of Microcomputer according to the processing needs.
2. the motion control method that is used to improve the electric machining process condition according to claim 1 is characterized in that, Control System of Microcomputer control servomotor is realized big stroke servo feed motion through servomotor+ball-screw+linear guide rail structure.
3. the motion control method that is used to improve the electric machining process condition according to claim 2; It is characterized in that Control System of Microcomputer control voice coil motor is realized the quick rollback/reseting movement of little stroke through voice coil motor+linear guide rail structure with higher acceleration.
4. telecontrol equipment that is used to improve the electric machining process condition; Comprise base, big stroke servo feed mechanism and the main shaft that is connected with the clutch end of big stroke servo feed mechanism; Big stroke servo feed mechanism is fixedly mounted on the base; It is characterized in that; The clutch end of said big stroke servo feed mechanism is connected with main shaft through the quick rollback/resetting-mechanism of little stroke, and the power outbound course of big stroke servo feed mechanism is parallel with the power outbound course of the quick rollback/resetting-mechanism of little stroke.
5. the telecontrol equipment that is used to improve the electric machining process condition according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said big stroke servo feed mechanism comprises servomotor, ball-screw, first linear rolling track and slide carriage; Servomotor is fixedly mounted on the base, and slide carriage is connected with base through first linear rolling track, and the clutch end of servomotor is connected with slide carriage through ball-screw.
6. according to the said telecontrol equipment that is used to improve the electric machining process condition of claim 4, it is characterized in that the quick rollback/resetting-mechanism of said little stroke comprises voice coil motor, second linear rolling track and supports mounting blocks; The base of voice coil motor is fixedly mounted on the slide carriage through supporting mounting blocks, between main shaft and the support mounting blocks second linear rolling track is set, and the clutch end of voice coil motor is connected with main shaft.
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