CN102824837A - 一种湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置及其方法 - Google Patents
一种湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置及其方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102824837A CN102824837A CN2012103425004A CN201210342500A CN102824837A CN 102824837 A CN102824837 A CN 102824837A CN 2012103425004 A CN2012103425004 A CN 2012103425004A CN 201210342500 A CN201210342500 A CN 201210342500A CN 102824837 A CN102824837 A CN 102824837A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- flue gas
- tail gas
- pipeline
- sludge incineration
- cleaner
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium hydroxide Chemical compound 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[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 10
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- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229960004424 Carbon Dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound 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O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010063385 Intellectualisation Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置及其方法，成套装置包括干式静电除尘器、烟气再热器、布袋除尘器和烟气洗涤塔，干式静电除尘器的一端与污泥焚烧尾气管道连接，干式静电除尘器的另一端通过管道连接烟气再热器，烟气再热器右侧壁上靠近底端处通过管道连接布袋除尘器，布袋除尘器的顶部通过管道连接压缩空气罐，布袋除尘器右侧壁上靠近顶端处通过管道连接烟气洗涤塔，烟气洗涤塔右侧壁上靠近顶端处通过管道与烟气再热器连接，烟气再热器右侧壁上靠近顶端处通过管道连接引风机，烟囱的侧壁上设有在线监测系统。本发明的成套装置完全实现设备国产化，实现污泥尾气净化工艺控制的自动化和智能化。
Description
一种湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置及其方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于固体废弃处理领域，尤其涉及一种湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置及其方法。
背景技术
[0002] 随着我国经济的高速发展和城市化进程的加快，我国城市产生的污泥量也在快速増加。在污泥处置领域，污泥干化焚烧是目前国家环保推荐使用的一种技术，应用范围较 广，适合处理我国不同特性的市政污泥。但是在污泥焚烧过程产生的尾气中含有大量的污染物，势必会对环境造成严重地危害。为保证尾气中污染物排放浓度达到日益严格的国家排放标准，必须对尾气进行浄化处理。
[0003]目前，污泥焚烧处理厂的焚烧尾气净化工艺和设备种类很多，一般由酸性气体脱除系统、除尘系统和活性炭吸附系统三部分组成。酸性气体脱除技术是尾气净化技术的核心，常用的尾气净化工艺系统有湿法、半干法和干法三种。干法净化工艺设备简单，工程费用最少，但净化效率相对较低，一般SO2去除率仅30%、HCl仅50% ;半干法尾气处理工艺净化效率相对较高，药品用量较少；湿法尾气处理工艺则具有如下优点：污染物去除率最高，烟气降温迅速，可满足严格的污染物排放标准。因此，在设计中为达到较高处理效果要优先选用。
[0004] 结合目前国内污泥市场发展需要，国家正在建立和完善污泥焚烧处理相关的技术、产业政策，制定污泥焚烧处理过程中相应的标准和法律法規。但国内的污泥焚烧尾气处理技术相对落后，处理效率低，达标困难，并且我国已投产或签约的污泥尾气净化所用设备多作为焚烧系统的配套设施从国外进ロ，价格昂贵，且对国内污泥的适应性不好。
[0005] 因此，研制出ー套处理效率高、自动化程度高、价格低且对国内污泥的适应性好的湿法尾气处理装置成为当务之急。
发明内容
[0006] 为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置及其方法，可作为污泥焚烧系统的配套设施，完全实现设备国产化，同时实现污泥尾气净化工艺控制的自动化、智能化，并通过降低投入成本创收益。
[0007] 本发明的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，包括干式静电除尘器、烟气再热器、布袋除尘器和烟气洗涤塔，所述干式静电除尘器的一端与污泥焚烧尾气管道连接，干式静电除尘器的另一端通过管道连接烟气再热器，烟气再热器右侧壁上靠近底端处通过管道连接布袋除尘器，布袋除尘器的顶部通过管道连接压缩空气罐，布袋除尘器右侧壁上靠近顶端处通过管道连接烟气洗涤塔，烟气洗涤塔右侧壁上靠近顶端处通过管道与烟气再热器连接，烟气再热器右侧壁上靠近顶端处通过管道连接引风机，引风机通过管道连接畑®，烟囱的侧壁上设有在线监测系统。
[0008] 本发明的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，所述干式静电除尘器的内部设有电晕极系统和沉淀极系统，干式静电除尘器通过电晕极系统和沉淀极系统去除污泥焚烧尾气中的大部分粉尘，然后采用冲击震动来剥离电极上的粉尘。
[0009] 本发明的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，所述干式静电除尘器和烟气再热器的底端均通过管道连接灰螺旋输送机，灰螺旋输送机通过管道连接灰仓。
[0010] 本发明的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，所述烟气再热器与布袋除尘器之间的连接管道上连接活性炭储仓和消石灰储仓，活性炭储仓和消石灰储仓通过管道分别连接罗茨风机。
[0011] 本发明的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，所述布袋除尘器的底部通过管道连接灰螺旋输送机，灰螺旋输送机通过管道连接废料仓。
[0012] 本发明的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，所述布袋除尘器的内部设有旁通管路，以使系统在故障/检修期间可持续运行。
[0013] 本发明的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套方法，包括以下步骤：
[0014] I)污泥焚烧尾气首先进入干式静电除尘器，以静电浄化方法依靠干式静电除尘器内部设置的电晕极系统和沉淀极系统来去除大部分粉尘，然后采用冲击震动来剥离电极上的粉尘，除尘率可达99%以上，干式静电除尘器收集的飞灰通过灰螺旋输送机运送至灰仓；
[0015] 2)尾气随后进入烟气再热器，与通过烟气洗涤塔处理后的尾气换热，烟气再热器收集的灰作为一般固体废物，输送至灰螺旋输送机，之后运送至灰仓；
[0016] 3)在进入布袋除尘器前的烟道上，分别通过罗茨风机喷入活性炭及消石灰粉末，浄化尾气中的酸性气体及其它污染物，然后进入布袋除尘器；
[0017] 4)尾气经过布袋除尘器的滤袋时，尾气中的粉尘被截留在滤袋外表面，从而得到浄化；袋式除尘器中的活性炭通过输送和投加系统再进入烟道循环使用；飞灰由布袋除尘器底部的除尘器灰斗收集，然后通过灰螺旋输送机装入废料仓，作为危险废弃物外运处置；
[0018] 5)经布袋除尘器处理后的烟气进入烟气洗涤塔中，与喷射出的碱液吸收剂充分混合，烟气中的酸性气体与吸收剂发生化学反应，从而得到去除；
[0019] 6)经过烟气洗涤塔洗涤后的烟气温度较低，为防止雨烟生成，烟气返回烟气再热器，与经过干式静电除尘器处理后的烟气换热，升温至110°c左右；
[0020] 7)在烟囱的侧壁上设置在线监测系统，实时对烟气进行检测，以便调整エ艺參数，保证烟气达标；经过净化的达标烟气由引风机引出，进入畑®高空排放。
[0021] 本发明的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套方法，所述布袋除尘器的内部设有旁通管路，以使系统在故障/检修期间可持续运行。
[0022] 与现有技术相比本发明的有益效果为：
[0023] I)除尘效果好，系统中设有干式静电除尘器，其除尘效率在99%以上；另外，干式静电除尘器清灰采用冲击振动来剥离电极上的粉尘，保证静电除尘器产生的飞灰(经国家权威机构鉴定）作为一般固体废物进行处置，以避免产生大量危险废物的昂贵处理成本；
[0024] 2)酸性气体及重金属的去除率高，污泥焚烧尾气净化系统主要是对酸性气体(HC1，HF，SOx)、氮氧化物（NOx)、颗粒物及重金属等进行控制，烟气洗涤塔对尾气中酸性气体的去除率亦可达90%以上，对一般有机污染物及重金属也具有良好的去除效率，搭配高去除率的静电除尘器及布袋除尘器，则颗粒污染物与重金属去除效率可达99% (Hg除外）以上；
[0025] 3)能耗低，经济效益高，干式静电除尘器在在除尘时可以保证产生的飞灰(经国家权威机构鉴定）作为一般固体废物进行处置，避免产生大量危险废物的昂贵处理成本，袋式除尘器中的活性炭通过输送和投加系统再进入烟道循环使用，減少了活性炭的用量，所以该エ艺的成本低，经济效益高；
[0026] 4)整个系统的设计、设备制造、供货、安装、调试国产化程度高；该系统设备均可由国内厂家生产，执行投资费用低，净化效率高，满足国家固体焚烧尾气排放标准。
附图说明
[0027] 图I是本发明实施例所述的ー种湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置的结构示意图；
[0028] 图2是本发明实施例所述的ー种湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套方法的エ艺流程图。
具体实施方式
[0029] 下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进ー步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
[0030] 实施例I
[0031] 如图I所示，一种湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，包括干式静电除尘器I、烟气再热器2、布袋除尘器3和烟气洗涤塔4，所述干式静电除尘器I的一端与污泥焚烧尾气管道连接，干式静电除尘器I的另一端通过管道连接烟气再热器2，烟气再热器2右侧壁上靠近底端处通过管道连接布袋除尘器3，布袋除尘器3的顶部通过管道连接压缩空气罐5，布袋除尘器3右侧壁上靠近顶端处通过管道连接烟气洗涤塔4，烟气洗涤塔4右侧壁上靠近顶端处通过管道与烟气再热器2连接，烟气再热器2右侧壁上靠近顶端处通过管道连接引风机6，引风机6通过管道连接烟囱7，烟囱7的侧壁上设有在线监测系统8。
[0032] 本发明的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，所述干式静电除尘器I的内部设有电晕极系统和沉淀极系统，干式静电除尘器I通过电晕极系统和沉淀极系统去除污泥焚烧尾气中的大部分粉尘，然后采用冲击震动来剥离电极上的粉尘。
[0033] 本发明的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，所述干式静电除尘器I和烟气再热器2的底端均通过管道连接灰螺旋输送机9，灰螺旋输送机9通过管道连接灰仓10。
[0034] 本发明的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，所述烟气再热器2与布袋除尘器3之间的连接管道上连接活性炭储仓11和消石灰储仓12，活性炭储仓11和消石灰储仓12通过管道分别连接罗茨风机13。
[0035] 本发明的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，所述布袋除尘器3的底部通过管道连接灰螺旋输送机14，灰螺旋输送机14通过管道连接废料仓15。
[0036] 本发明的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，所述布袋除尘器3的内部设有旁通管路，以使系统在故障/检修期间可持续运行。
[0037] 如图2所示，本发明的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套方法，包括以下步骤： [0038] I)污泥焚烧尾气首先进入干式静电除尘器1，以静电浄化方法依靠干式静电除尘器I内部设置的电晕极系统和沉淀极系统来去除大部分粉尘，然后采用冲击震动来剥离电极上的粉尘，除尘率可达99%以上，干式静电除尘器收集的飞灰通过灰螺旋输送机运送至灰仓；
[0039] 2)尾气随后进入烟气再热器2，与通过烟气洗涤塔4处理后的尾气换热，烟气再热器2收集的灰作为一般固体废物，输送至灰螺旋输送机9，之后运送至灰仓10 ；
[0040] 3)在进入布袋除 尘器3前的烟道上，分别通过罗茨风机13喷入活性炭及消石灰粉末，浄化尾气中的酸性气体及其它污染物(主要是ニ噁英类物质、重金属Hg等)，然后进入布袋除尘器3 ；
[0041] 4)尾气经过布袋除尘器3的滤袋时，尾气中的粉尘被截留在滤袋外表面，从而得到浄化；袋式除尘器3中的活性炭通过输送和投加系统再进入烟道循环使用；飞灰由布袋除尘器3底部的除尘器灰斗收集，然后通过灰螺旋输送机14装入废料仓15，作为危险废弃物外运处置；
[0042] 5)经布袋除尘器3处理后的烟气进入烟气洗涤塔4中，与喷射出的碱液吸收剂充分混合，烟气中的酸性气体与吸收剂发生化学反应，从而得到去除；
[0043] 6)经过烟气洗涤塔4洗涤后的烟气温度较低，为防止雨烟生成，烟气返回烟气再热器2，与经过干式静电除尘器I处理后的烟气换热，升温至110°C左右；
[0044] 7)在烟囱7侧壁上设置在线监测系统8，实时对烟气进行检测，以便调整エ艺參数，保证烟气达标；经过净化的达标烟气由引风机6引出，进入烟囱7高空排放。
[0045] 本发明的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套方法，所述布袋除尘器3的内部设有旁通管路，以使系统在故障/检修期间可持续运行。
[0046] 实施例2
[0047] 依托上海竹园污泥处理项目，该湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，主要包括：干式静电除尘器对粉尘的脱除；布袋除尘器对粉尘、活性炭颗粒及其上附着的ニ噁英、重金属等污染物的去除；活性炭对有机物(ニ噁英）及重金属的吸附；消石灰及烟气洗涤塔对酸性气体（HC1，HF，SOx)的脱除，含有以下步骤：
[0048] (I)污泥焚烧尾气(温度为230°C )首先进入干式静电除尘器，依靠除尘器的电晕极和沉淀极两个系统吸附粉尘，并采用冲击震动来剥离电极上的粉尘，用于去除大部分粉尘，产生一般固体废弃物，运送至灰仓，除尘效率可达99%以上；此时出口尾气温度为226°C，整个过程阻カ损失不大于200Pa ；
[0049] (2)尾气随后进入烟气再热器，与完成烟气洗涤处理后温度为50°C的尾气换热，由226°C降温至170°C，烟气再热器收集的灰作为一般固体废物，运送至灰仓；烟气再热器采用气-气式换热效率高的热管式换热器；
[0050] (3)随后尾气在进入布袋除尘器前的烟道上，喷入活性炭及消石灰粉末，在烟道内与尾气充分混合，通过活性炭吸附尾气中的污染物(主要是ニ噁英类物质、重金属Hg等)，然后进入下一个处理装置-布袋除尘器；
[0051] (4)尾气进入布袋除尘器时的温度为170°C，阻カ损失不大于1500Pa，袋式除尘器中的活性炭通过输送和投加系统再进入烟道循环使用，飞灰由布袋除尘器底部的除尘器灰斗收集，通过螺旋输送机运送至废料仓，作为危险废弃物外运处置。布袋除尘器设旁通管路，当启动或运行中系统出现故障时，布袋除尘器前出现超温（> 220)或低温(< 150°C)吋，自动打开旁通管路阀门，尾气不经布袋除尘器直接由旁通管路通过烟囱排放，防止烧袋或糊袋，有效保护了布袋；
[0052] (4)经布袋除尘器处理后的尾气进入烟气洗涤塔中进行降温、脱酸处理。洗涤塔自下而上分别为脱酸段和降温段，脱酸段采用NaOH溶液作为吸收剂，吸收尾气中的HC1，SOx等酸性气体，降温段冷却水采用中水，尾气自下而上通过填料时完成降温；
[0053] (5)洗涤后尾气温度较低，约为50°C，为防止雨烟生成，尾气返回烟气换热器与经干式静电除尘器处理后尾气换热，升温至110°c左右；
[0054] 经过净化的达标尾气由引风机引出，进入烟囱高空排放。烟囱的侧壁上设置在线监测系统，实时对尾气进行检测，以便调整エ艺參数，保证尾气达标。
[0055] 以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型 也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1. 一种湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，包括干式静电除尘器（I)、烟气再热器(2)、布袋除尘器（3)和烟气洗涤塔（4)，其特征在干：所述干式静电除尘器（I)的一端与污泥焚烧尾气管道连接，干式静电除尘器（I)的另一端通过管道连接烟气再热器（2)，烟气再热器（2)右侧壁上靠近底端处通过管道连接布袋除尘器（3)，布袋除尘器（3)的顶部通过管道连接压缩空气罐（5)，布袋除尘器（3)右侧壁上靠近顶端处通过管道连接烟气洗涤塔(4)，烟气洗涤塔（4)右侧壁上靠近顶端处通过管道与烟气再热器（2)连接，烟气再热器（2)右侧壁上靠近顶端处通过管道连接引风机（6)，引风机（6)通过管道连接畑® (7)，烟囱（7)的侧壁上设有在线监测系统（8)。
2.根据权利要求I所述的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，其特征在于：所述干式静电除尘器（I)的内部设有电晕极系统和沉淀极系统，干式静电除尘器（I)通过电晕极系统和沉淀极系统去除污泥焚烧尾气中的大部分粉尘，然后采用冲击震动来剥离电极上的粉/K土。
3.根据权利要求I所述的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，其特征在于：所述干式静电除尘器（I)和烟气再热器（2 )的底端均通过管道连接灰螺旋输送机（9 )，灰螺旋输送机(9 )通过管道连接灰仓（10 )。
4.根据权利要求I所述的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，其特征在于：所述烟气再热器（2)与布袋除尘器（3)之间的连接管道上连接活性炭储仓（11)和消石灰储仓（12)，活性炭储仓（11)和消石灰储仓（12)通过管道分别连接罗茨风机（13)。
5.根据权利要求I所述的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，其特征在于：所述布袋除尘器（3)的底部通过管道连接灰螺旋输送机（14)，灰螺旋输送机（14)通过管道连接废料仓（15)。
6.根据权利要求I所述的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套装置，其特征在于：所述布袋除尘器（3)的内部设有旁通管路，以使系统在故障/检修期间可持续运行。
7. —种湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：1)污泥焚烧尾气首先进入干式静电除尘器，以静电浄化方法依靠干式静电除尘器内部设置的电晕极系统和沉淀极系统来去除大部分粉尘，然后采用冲击震动来剥离电极上的粉尘，除尘率可达99%以上，干式静电除尘器收集的飞灰通过灰螺旋输送机运送至灰仓；2)尾气随后进入烟气再热器，与通过烟气洗涤塔处理后的尾气换热，烟气再热器收集的灰作为一般固体废物，输送至灰螺旋输送机，之后运送至灰仓；3)在进入布袋除尘器前的烟道上，分别通过罗茨风机喷入活性炭及消石灰粉末，浄化尾气中的酸性气体及其它污染物，然后进入布袋除尘器；4)尾气经过布袋除尘器的滤袋时，尾气中的粉尘被截留在滤袋外表面，从而得到浄化；袋式除尘器中的活性炭通过输送和投加系统再进入烟道循环使用；飞灰由布袋除尘器底部的除尘器灰斗收集，然后通过灰螺旋输送机装入废料仓，作为危险废弃物外运处置；5)经布袋除尘器处理后的烟气进入烟气洗涤塔中，与喷射出的碱液吸收剂充分混合，烟气中的酸性气体与吸收剂发生化学反应，从而得到去除；6)经过烟气洗涤塔洗涤后的烟气温度较低，为防止雨烟生成，烟气返回烟气再热器，与经过干式静电除尘器处理后的烟气换热，升温至110°C左右；7)在畑®的侧壁上设置在线监测系统，实时对烟气进行检測，以便调整エ艺參数，保证烟气达标；经过净化的达标烟气由引风机引出，进入畑®高空排放。
8.根据权利要求7所述的湿法处理污泥焚烧尾气的成套方法，其特征在于：所述布袋除尘器的内部设有旁通管路，以使系统在故障/检修期间可持续运行。
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Application publication date: 20121219 |