Background technology
Due to the enhancing of energy shortage and Public environmental attitude, electronlmobil or the fuel cell powered vehicle of environmental protection just arise at the historic moment, but due to the restriction of technology, the automobile of the above-mentioned type is also difficult to popularize in an all-round way at short notice, therefore, the hybrid vehicle of technical comparative maturity is that one more satisfactory is at present selected.
Hybrid vehicle (HEV, Hybrid-Electric Vehicle) as a kind of emerging energy-efficient, environment-friendly automobiles, its technology and market is in a kind of vigorous growth stage, and hybrid vehicle is compared with orthodox car and pure electric automobile, and maximum differential is power system.For in parallel and series parallel type HEV, dynamic coupling system is responsible for by multiple power combination of HEV together, realize rational power division between multi power source and power is passed to drive axle, it is in critical role in HEV exploitation, its performance is directly connected to HEV vehicle performance and whether reaches designing requirement, is the most crucial part of HEV.Planet circular system has multiple degree of freedom, input and output feature controlled flexibly, and compact conformation, volume is little, speed ratio is large, therefore adopt by increasing hybrid electric vehicle power coupled system, this be also current hybrid power automobile power assembly development a kind of trend.
Within 1997, Toyota releases first hybrid vehicle Prius, within 2005, be proposed again carry up-to-date 3rd generation electromechanical mixing dynamic force system 2006 sections of Prius, still adopt THS series parallel type structure, the horsepower output of planetary gear system to driving engine is redistributed, and reaches the object of reasonable balance engine load.The structure principle chart of Toyota Prius hybrid power car change-speed box is shown in accompanying drawing 1, comprise driving engine e, motor M G1, the parts such as motor M G2 and the dynamic coupling system comprising a single planetary row, in this mechanism, driving engine e is connected with the pinion carrier a of single planetary row by damper, and pass through planetary wheel b by transmission of power to external toothing c and sun wheel d, external toothing c is connected with output shaft, output shaft is connected with the rotor of motor M G2 by train of reduction gears e, sun wheel d is connected with the rotor of motor M G1, output shaft is by chain drive system f, main reduction gear g and diff h by transmission of power to wheel.The torque of driving engine e major part is directly delivered on output shaft by this system, and fraction torque is passed to motor M G1 for generating, and the electric energy that motor M G1 sends charges or drive motor MG2, to increase propulsive effort for battery according to instruction.This structure can make driving engine be in high efficient area or Low Emission Zone by regulating the torque and rotational speed of motor M G1 always, in addition, by regulating the rotating speed of each element of planet row, makes it work as toric transmission.
But two motor M G1, MG2 due to this change-speed box are arranged in the both sides of single planetary row, and share a set of cooling system, therefore electromotor cooling system complicated layout, electric system integrated level is low, and the transmission shaft Length discrepancy of planet row both sides, be unfavorable for that front deck is arranged.In addition, motor M G1 and driving engine e is arranged side by side in planet row homonymy, because both distances are closer, and the optimum working temperature of motor M G1 is 60 DEG C, and the optimum working temperature of driving engine e is 90 DEG C, therefore motor M G1 can be subject to the impact of driving engine e heat radiation and be rapidly heated, and makes corresponding electromotor cooling system often in running order, and then affects the efficiency of car load.
Because this change-speed box adopts single planet circular system, its reduction ratio is low, thus requires the rotation speed change wide ranges of motor, high to the requirement of torque, so, very harsh to the accuracy of manufacture of motor, rotating speed/torque characteristics and requirement for dynamic balance thereof; In order to reach enough reduction ratios, the speed reduction gearing of output shaft have employed the Multi-stage transmission parts comprising chain drive system f, main reduction gear g, increases the complexity of system further, improves the requirement that system is arranged space.
In Chinese patent literature, disclosed a kind of publication number is the hybrid drive based on double planet wheel rows of mixing of CN101149094A, comprise combustion engine, motor, clutch end and forward and backward planet row, the pinion carrier of front planet row is connected with the gear ring of rear planet row, the sun wheel of front and back planet row is connected on motor shaft jointly, driving engine is selectively connected with the gear ring of front planet row or pinion carrier by power-transfer clutch, and the pinion carrier of rear planet row is connected with mouth.Because its forward and backward planet row is for being arranged side by side, therefore its oad is comparatively large, and structure is compact not; Owing to only having two input shafts and a motor, therefore, higher to the control overflow of motor.
In view of this, be necessary in fact to propose a kind of new hybrid transmissions, to solve or to improve above-mentioned technical matters.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of new hybrid transmissions, it can realize stepless change, and has multiple different power mode output.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of hybrid transmissions, for connecting engine, the first motor, the second motor to power take-off shaft, described driving device comprises front planet row and rear planet row, the sun wheel of described front planet row is connected to driving engine, and the sun wheel of rear planet row is connected to the second motor, and forward and backward planet row shares same pinion carrier, described pinion carrier is connected to the first motor, and the gear ring of described front planet row is connected to power take-off shaft.
Alternatively, also comprise the first clutch of the sun wheel of planet row and the gear ring of rear planet row after connecting, and connect the front sun wheel of planet row and the second clutch of pinion carrier.
Alternatively, also comprise the first drg for carrying out locking control to the first motor, and for carrying out the second brake of locking control to the gear ring of rear planet row.
Alternatively, the front sun wheel of planet row of connection and the second clutch of pinion carrier is also comprised.
Alternatively, described first motor, the second motor are positioned at the same side of rear planet row, and described driving engine is positioned at the opposite side of rear planet row.
Alternatively, described first motor and described second motor become one.
Alternatively, the size of described front planet row is less than the size of described rear planet row.
Alternatively, the number of the satellite gear of described front planet row, the satellite gear of rear planet row is 3 or 4, and decile arrangement in a circumferential direction.
For achieving the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of hybrid vehicle, comprises driving engine, the first motor, the second motor and hybrid transmissions as elucidated before.
Alternatively, CAN, engine controller, full-vehicle control unit, motor control unit, battery and battery controller is also comprised.
Compared with prior art, hybrid transmissions, the hybrid vehicle of the present embodiment adopt double planet wheel rows of mixing mechanism, can realize stepless change; In addition, be delivered to mouth after the torque coupling of driving engine ICE, the first motor E1 and the second motor E2 tri-input, and be finally delivered to wheel, therefore, when reality uses, the different working modes of above-mentioned three input ends and the combination of state can produce multiple different output mode.
Detailed description of the invention
For enabling above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage more become apparent, and are described in detail the specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of hybrid transmissions specific embodiment provided by the invention.Fig. 3 is the structural representation of forward and backward planet row in hybrid transmissions shown in Fig. 2.Please refer to shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, connecting engine ICE, the first motor E1, the second motor E2 is used for clutch end according to hybrid transmissions of the present invention, this hybrid transmissions comprises front planet row 4 and rear planet row 5, wherein, front planet row 4 comprises sun wheel 41, satellite gear 42, gear ring 43, rear planet row 5 comprises sun wheel 51, satellite gear 52, gear ring 53, and front planet row 4 shares same pinion carrier 45 with rear planet row.The sun wheel 41 of front planet row 4 is connected to driving engine ICE, the rotating shaft of the sun wheel 51 of rear planet row 5 is connected with the rotor of the second motor E2, pinion carrier 45 is connected with the rotor of the first motor E1, and the gear ring 43 of front planet row 4 is connected to power take-off shaft 85 with to wheel outputting power.The driving device of the present embodiment adopts double planet wheel rows of mixing mechanism, can realize stepless change; In addition, be delivered to mouth after the torque coupling of driving engine ICE, the first motor E1 and the second motor E2 tri-input, and be finally delivered to wheel, therefore, when reality uses, the different working modes of above-mentioned three input ends and the combination of state can produce multiple different output mode.
The satellite gear 42 of front planet row 4 is located at pinion carrier 45.Because the satellite gear 42 of front planet row 4 engages with sun wheel 41 and gear ring 43 respectively, in order to stress balance, satellite gear 42 can be set to multiple, is such as 3,4 or 6, and makes their decile layouts in a circumferential direction.In the present embodiment, the number of satellite gear 42 is 3, and decile is arranged in the annular space that sun wheel 41 and gear ring 43 limit.
The sun wheel 51 of rear planet row 5 is set in outside the rotating shaft of the sun wheel 41 of front planet row 4 rotationally, and satellite gear 52 is located at pinion carrier 45.Similar with front planet row 4, because the satellite gear 52 of rear planet row 5 engages with sun wheel 51 and gear ring 53 respectively, in order to stress balance, satellite gear 52 can be set to multiple, is such as 3,4 or 6, and makes their decile layouts in a circumferential direction.In the present embodiment, the number of satellite gear 52 is 3, and decile is arranged in the annular space that sun wheel 51 and gear ring 53 limit.
The rotating shaft 12 of driving engine ICE can be connected directly between the sun wheel 41 of front planet row 4, so that the power from driving engine ICE is passed to wheel or the first motor E1, the second motor E2 by front planet row 4 or rear planet row 5.In the present embodiment, the rotating shaft 12 of driving engine ICE is connected with the sun wheel 41 of front planet row 4 indirectly by a damper 15; Power-transfer clutch 13 is provided with to control disconnection between the two and joint between damper 15 and driving engine ICE.
The gear ring 43 of front planet row 4 can be connected directly to wheel, to drive advance or the retrogressing of vehicle.In the present embodiment, the gear ring 43 of front planet row 4 is connected with differential gear 82 by the main reduction gear (in figure non-label) be made up of gear cluster, described main reduction gear comprise be connected with gear ring 43 main reduction gear 71, be located at main reduction gear 71 side and the main deceleration input gear 72 engaged with it, the main deceleration output gear 73 that is coaxially connected with main deceleration input gear 72, main deceleration output gear 73 engage with differential gear 82 thus outputting power to diff D, wheel.
Hybrid transmissions in the present embodiment also comprises the sun wheel 51 and the first clutch C1 of the gear ring 53 of rear planet row 5 that connect rear planet row 5, and connects the sun wheel 41 of front planet row 4 and the second clutch C2 of pinion carrier 45.Particularly, first clutch C1 is connected with the gear ring 53 of rear planet row 5, and another side is connected with the rotating shaft (in figure non-label) of the sun wheel 51 of rear planet row 5; Second clutch C2's while the rotating shaft (in figure non-label) of sun wheel 41 with front planet row 4 is connected, another side is connected with pinion carrier 45.By joint and the disconnection of control first clutch C1, second clutch C2, hybrid transmissions can be made to have a greater variety of mode of operation, thus reduce the rotating speed of system to motor (comprising the first motor E1, the second motor E2) and the requirement of torque, reduce the processing and manufacturing difficulty of motor.Moreover, be directly communicated with driving engine ICE and the first motor E1 when second clutch C2 engages, the first motor E1 can be made synchronous with driving engine ICE constant speed, thus the energy trasfer improved between driving engine ICE and the first motor E1 or conversion efficiency.
Hybrid transmissions in the present embodiment also comprises the first drg B1 for carrying out locking control to the first motor E1, and for carrying out the second brake B2 of locking control to the gear ring 53 of rear planet row 5.Particularly, on the housing 20 being fixed on driving device of the first drg B1, the rotor (in figure non-label) that another side is connected to the first motor E1 is connected; Second brake B2's while be fixed on the housing 20 of driving device, another side is connected on the gear ring 53 of rear planet row 5.The hybrid transmissions of the present embodiment is not when needing the gear ring 53 of the first motor E1 or rear planet row 5 to rotate, the first drg B1, second brake B2 can be utilized to carry out locking operation to the gear ring 53 of the first motor E1, rear planet row 5 respectively, avoid unnecessary waste of power, improve the efficiency of system.
In the present embodiment, the first motor E1 of hybrid transmissions, the second motor E2 are positioned at the same side of two planet rows (i.e. front planet row 4 and rear planet row 5), and driving engine ICE is positioned at the opposite side of two planet rows.Compared with the structure being positioned at planet row not homonymy with traditional two motors, the design that two motors in the present embodiment are positioned at planet row the same side can reduce the complexity of the cooling system needed for it.Moreover, the optimum working temperature of motor is 60 DEG C, the optimum working temperature of driving engine is 90 DEG C, in traditional design, motor and driving engine are arranged side by side in planet row homonymy, both distances are closer, therefore motor can be subject to the impact of engine radiating and be rapidly heated, and makes corresponding electromotor cooling system often in running order, and then affects the efficiency of car load; The design that driving engine in the present embodiment, motor are positioned at planet row not homonymy then can well avoid driving engine to the intensification effect of motor.In other embodiments, the first motor E1 and the second motor E2 can become one.
It should be noted that, traditional has in the design of hybrid power transmission structure of double planet wheel rows of mixing, and for ensureing the energy transmission efficiency between driving engine and two motors, before needing that a motor is connected, planet row, another motor connect rear planet row; Like this, inevitably, two motors just need the both sides being arranged on two planet rows, otherwise will strengthen the space requirement of whole transmission device.But the design that two planet rows that novelty of the present invention proposes share same pinion carrier makes to arrange that in planet row the same side two motors become possibility.Such as, in the embodiment that the present invention provides, the second motor E2 is connected in the sun wheel 51 of rear planet row 5; First motor E1 is connected in shared pinion carrier 45, is equivalent to be connected on front planet row 4, thus can ensure the energy transmission efficiency between driving engine and two motors very well.
In the present embodiment, the size of front planet row 4 is less than the size of rear planet row 5.Particularly, the radius of the sun wheel 41 of front planet row 4 is less than the radius of the sun wheel 51 of rear planet row 5, and the sun wheel 41 of front planet row 4 is compared sun wheel 51 and had the less number of teeth.Moreover, compared with the satellite gear 52 of rear planet row 5, the satellite gear 42 of front planet row 4 has less radius and the less number of teeth; Compared with the gear ring 53 of rear planet row 5, the gear ring 43 of front planet row 4 has less radius and the less number of teeth.Such design can make the combination of two planet rows have the transmitting ratio of more wide region, is conducive to the rotating speed of reduction system to motor (comprising the first motor E1, the second motor E2) and the requirement of torque, reduces the processing and manufacturing difficulty of motor.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of hybrid vehicle specific embodiment provided by the invention.Please refer to shown in Fig. 4, hybrid vehicle 1000 comprises driving engine ICE, the first motor E1, the second motor E2, diff D and connects the hybrid transmissions 100 of said apparatus.In work, the transmission of power that driving engine ICE, the first motor E1 or the second motor E2 can provide by hybrid transmissions 100 to change-speed box D, to drive wheel; The power pack section that also driving engine ICE can be provided or all pass to the first motor E1 or the second motor E2, and be converted into electric energy and store; In braking procedure, the kinetic energy of automobile can also be passed to the first motor E1 or the second motor E2, and then be converted into electric energy and store.In concrete enforcement, hybrid transmissions 100 can be Fig. 2, embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 in hybrid transmissions.
Hybrid vehicle 1000 also comprises control bus 900, engine controller EMS, full-vehicle control unit VCU, motor control unit MCU, battery 300 and battery controller BMS.Wherein, battery 300 can be the high tension battery of 300V; When the first motor E1 or the second motor E2 uses as electrical motor, battery 300 can be the first motor E1 or the second motor E2 provides electric power; When the first motor E1 or the second motor E2 uses as electrical generator, the electric power that the first motor E1 or the second motor E2 can produce by battery 300 is preserved.
Battery controller BMS connection control bus 900 and battery 300, information (size of current etc. as motor demand) for providing according to bus 900 controls battery 300, also for the battery information detected (as the information such as battery electric quantity, cell output current) is sent to control bus 900.
Motor control unit MCU connection control bus 900 and the first motor E1, the second motor E2, information (motor speed etc. as demand) for providing according to bus 900 controls the first motor E1 or the second motor E2, also for the motor detected information (as information such as the actual speed of motor, the temperature of motor) is sent to bus 900.In the present embodiment, motor control unit MCU is by the connection of adaptor union (connector) 500 realization to two motors (i.e. the first motor E1, the second motor E2).
Full-vehicle control unit VCU is connected to control bus 900, for the information (vehicle speed signal, recharge-discharge power demand, the information such as maximum discharge current and maximum charging current as acceleration pedal opening amount signal, brake pedal signal, input) collecting vehicle is sent to control bus 900.
Engine controller EMS connection control bus 900 and driving engine ICE, information (engine speed etc. as demand) for providing according to bus 900 controls driving engine ICE, also for the engine information detected (as information such as the actual speed of driving engine, the temperature of driving engine) is sent to control bus 900.
In the present embodiment, control bus 900 is CAN (Controller AreaNetwork BUS) conventional on vehicle.
Although the present invention with preferred embodiment openly as above; but it is not for limiting the present invention; any those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the Method and Technology content of above-mentioned announcement can be utilized to make possible variation and amendment to technical solution of the present invention; therefore; every content not departing from technical solution of the present invention; the any simple modification done above embodiment according to technical spirit of the present invention, equivalent variations and modification, all belong to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.