CN102772878A - Carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishant and application thereof - Google Patents
Carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishant and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102772878A CN102772878A CN2012102561603A CN201210256160A CN102772878A CN 102772878 A CN102772878 A CN 102772878A CN 2012102561603 A CN2012102561603 A CN 2012102561603A CN 201210256160 A CN201210256160 A CN 201210256160A CN 102772878 A CN102772878 A CN 102772878A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishant and application thereof. Carbon dioxide gas reacts with water or dry water under the pressure of 0.5-5MPa and at the temperature of -10-15 DEG C to generate carbon dioxide hydrate, and the carbon dioxide hydrate is grinded and screened into carbon dioxide hydrate powder with the grain size smaller than 1.0mm at the temperature below -10 DEG C, so that the extinguishant is prepared. When the hydrate extinguishant is used for extinguishing fire, the hydrate powder covers the surface of combustible, contact of the combustible and air can be decreased, the temperature of a combustion area can be reduced by means of decomposition and heat absorption, ambient air can be combusted when released carbon dioxide is diluted, the combustible can be cooled and covered by released water, and accordingly, the fire is extinguished. The carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishant is an efficient extinguishant, and has the advantages of low cost, cleanness, environmental protection and rapidness in fire extinguishing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of extinguishing chemical, be specifically related to a kind of hydrate extinguishing chemical and application thereof.
Background technology
Carbon dioxide hydrate is a kind of non-stoichiometric envelope shape cage compound that under the high pressure low temperature condition, is generated by carbon dioxide and water, and gas molecule is wrapped in the cage modle lattice of hydrone formation.The hydrate of unit volume can store the gas under 160 ~ 180 dimension criteria situations.As a kind of environmentally friendly novel curing technology, the carbon dioxide hydrate generation technique has a wide range of applications at industrial circles such as desalinization, sewage disposal, carbon dioxide capture and replacement exploitation of gas hydrate.
The inverse process that carbon dioxide hydrate generates is the decomposable process of a very endothermic; It decomposes enthalpy and is about 500 kJ/kg; Thawing enthalpy (333 kJ/kg) than ice is also big, discharges water outlet and carbon dioxide after the decomposition of hydrate simultaneously, and the two all is traditional extinguish material.The mechanism that water can be put out a fire mainly is the cooling effect of water; Be reduced to it to the temperature of comburant and surrounding environment thereof below the ignition point and knock down the flame; But the flowability of water is very strong, and most of water does not play a role and just run off, and the effect of isolated comburant surrounding air is not obvious.Traditional water-based extinguishing agent is in water, to add the extinguishing property of additives such as absorbent particle, surfactant, thickener with raising water, but its cost increases greatly.The mechanism of carbon-dioxide fire engine is that mainly carbon dioxide can dilute the combustible ambient air, produces smothering action and knock down the flame.The liquid carbon dioxide that traditional carbon dioxide extinguishing agent uses, the liquid heat absorption of gasifying rapidly except playing diluent air, can also reduce the comburant environment temperature when being ejected, and plays a secondary role but cool off.The easy frostbite people of carbon dioxide extinguishing agent or freeze handle, and cost is high, strict to equipment requirements.
The water-based extinguishing agent flowability causes fire-fighting efficiency with low by force, and causes cost to increase after adding additive; Though the carbon dioxide extinguishing agent fire-fighting efficiency is high, and is strict to fire-extinguishing apparatus, and cost is high.Consider that carbon dioxide hydrate decomposes the characteristics of absorbing and cooling temperature and release of carbon dioxide and water, proposes it at present as a kind of novel environment friendly extinguish material.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the existing shortcoming that extinguishing chemical efficient is low, cost is high; A kind of novel environment friendly extinguishing chemical---carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishing chemical is proposed; Generate under the high pressure low temperature condition by carbon dioxide and water; And in low temperature environment, grind, sieve into the crystalline hydrate powder of certain grain size, wherein carbon dioxide molecule is wrapped in the cage modle lattice that hydrone constitutes.Said hydrate extinguishing chemical is when fire extinguishing; The hydrate powder covers the combustible surface; Can reduce contacting of combustible and air, divide heat of desorption can reduce combustion zone temperature, the carbon dioxide dilution combustible surrounding air of release; The water that discharges also can cool off and cover combustible, thereby reaches the purpose of fire extinguishing.
Know-why of the present invention:
The carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishing chemical is to be generated under the high pressure low temperature condition by carbon dioxide and water; And in low temperature environment, grind, sieve into the crystalline hydrate powder of certain grain size, wherein carbon dioxide molecule is wrapped in the cage modle lattice that hydrone constitutes.This hydrate extinguishing chemical can be generated in the high pressure stirred autoclave by carbon dioxide and water fast, also can be by carbon dioxide and solid carbon dioxide or additive solution generation fast in high pressure static reaction still.
Said hydrate extinguishing chemical is when fire extinguishing; The hydrate powder covers the combustible surface; Can reduce contacting of combustible and air, divide heat of desorption can reduce combustion zone temperature, the carbon dioxide dilution combustible surrounding air of release; The water that discharges also can cool off and cover combustible, thereby reaches the purpose of fire extinguishing.This extinguishing chemical has the advantage of water-based extinguishing agent and carbon dioxide extinguishing agent concurrently, and the two not available characteristic is arranged simultaneously.Compare with water-based extinguishing agent; Carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishing chemical powder covered the combustible surface before this, melted then and resolved into water, had delayed the loss of water on the combustible surface; Form a water layer on the combustible surface simultaneously, isolated to a certain extent combustible contacts with air; Compare with carbon dioxide extinguishing agent, extinguishing chemical decomposes release of carbon dioxide on the combustible surface, forms a carbon dioxide layer on the combustible surface, becomes the barrier of combustible with the air contact, has diluted combustible surrounding air simultaneously.The raw materials for production of this hydrate extinguishing chemical only are carbon dioxide and water or solid carbon dioxide, guarantee that it is nontoxic, pollution-free.
The object of the invention realizes through following technical scheme:
A kind of carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishing chemical, be by carbon dioxide and water or solid carbon dioxide at 0.5 ~ 5 MPa ,-10 ~ 15 ℃ down reaction generate carbon dioxide hydrates, and grinding, sieving into the carbon dioxide hydrate powder of particle diameter below-10 ℃ less than 1.0 mm.
Preferably; A kind of carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishing chemical; Be by carbon dioxide and water or solid carbon dioxide at 2.5 ~ 4 MPa, 1 ~ 5 ℃ down reaction generate carbon dioxide hydrate, and grinding, sieving into the carbon dioxide hydrate powder of particle diameter below-10 ℃ less than 0.5mm.
The application of extinguishing chemical of the present invention in the combustible fire extinguishing; The hydrate powder covers the combustible surface; Can reduce contacting of combustible and air, divide heat of desorption can reduce combustion zone temperature, the carbon dioxide dilution combustible surrounding air of release; The water that discharges also can cool off and cover combustible, thereby reaches the purpose of fire extinguishing.This extinguishing chemical has the advantage of water-based extinguishing agent and carbon dioxide extinguishing agent concurrently.
The present invention is with respect to advantage and beneficial effect that prior art had:
Carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishing chemical of the present invention is when fire extinguishing; The hydrate powder covers the combustible surface; Can reduce contacting of combustible and air, divide heat of desorption can reduce combustion zone temperature, the carbon dioxide dilution combustible surrounding air of release; The water that discharges also can cool off and cover combustible, thereby reaches the purpose of fire extinguishing.This extinguishing chemical has the advantage of water-based extinguishing agent and carbon dioxide extinguishing agent concurrently, and the two not available characteristic is arranged simultaneously.Compare with water-based extinguishing agent; Carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishing chemical powder covered the combustible surface before this, melted then and resolved into water, had delayed the loss of water on the combustible surface; Form a water layer on the combustible surface simultaneously, isolated to a certain extent combustible contacts with air; Compare with carbon dioxide extinguishing agent, extinguishing chemical decomposes release of carbon dioxide on the combustible surface, forms a carbon dioxide layer on the combustible surface, becomes the barrier of combustible with the air contact, has diluted the combustible ambient air simultaneously.This hydrate extinguishing chemical has been realized self dividing heat of desorption to reduce combustion zone temperature, water-cooled but reducing triple fire extinguishing effects that combustible temperature, the isolated combustible of carbon dioxide contact with air, be a kind of high-efficiency fire-extinguishant.
Carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishing chemical of the present invention is generated under the high pressure low temperature condition by carbon dioxide and water or solid carbon dioxide; And in liquid nitrogen environment, grind, sieve into the crystalline hydrate powder of certain grain size; Its raw materials for production and technology guarantee its cheap, clean environment firendly, and prepare easy to use.
The specific embodiment
Through embodiment the present invention is further set forth below, but do not limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Under pressure 2.5 MPa, 1 ℃ of condition of temperature; Synthetic carbon dioxide hydrate in the high pressure stirred autoclave of dischargeable capacity 1 L; Take out hydrate then; In-15 ℃ freezer, be ground into pressed powder, and on 35 mesh sieves, filter out the hydrate powder of particle diameter, obtain the carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishing chemical less than 0.5 mm.This extinguishing chemical is sprayed at equably in the alcohol of burning, finds that the extinguishing chemical powder decomposes carbon dioxide gas rapidly on the alcoholic solution surface, the alcohol burning area dwindles gradually, and flame extinguishes rapidly in 30 s.
Embodiment 2
Under pressure 3 MPa, 1 ℃ of condition of temperature; Synthetic carbon dioxide hydrate in the high pressure stirred autoclave of dischargeable capacity 1 L; Take out hydrate then; In-15 ℃ freezer, be ground into pressed powder, and on 35 mesh sieves, filter out the hydrate powder of particle diameter, obtain the carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishing chemical less than 0.5 mm.This extinguishing chemical is sprayed at equably in the gasoline of burning, finds that the extinguishing chemical powder decomposes carbon dioxide gas rapidly in the gasoline solution surface, the gasoline combustion area dwindles gradually, and flame extinguishes rapidly in 30 s.
Embodiment 3
Under pressure 4 MPa, 1 ℃ of condition of temperature; Synthetic carbon dioxide hydrate in the high pressure stirred autoclave of dischargeable capacity 1 L; Take out hydrate then; In-15 ℃ freezer, be ground into pressed powder, and on 35 mesh sieves, filter out the hydrate powder of particle diameter, obtain the carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishing chemical less than 0.5 mm.Above-mentioned extinguishing chemical is sprayed at equably on the wooden building materials of burning, finds that the extinguishing chemical powder decomposes carbon dioxide gas rapidly at building material surface, area of flame is dwindled gradually, and flame extinguishes rapidly in 20 s.
Embodiment 4
Under pressure 4 MPa, 2 ℃ of conditions of temperature; Synthetic carbon dioxide hydrate in the high pressure stirred autoclave of dischargeable capacity 1 L; Take out hydrate then; In-15 ℃ freezer, be ground into pressed powder, and on 35 mesh sieves, filter out the hydrate powder of particle diameter, obtain the carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishing chemical less than 0.5 mm.Above-mentioned extinguishing chemical is sprayed at equably on the plastic foam of burning, finds that the extinguishing chemical powder decomposes carbon dioxide gas rapidly at foam surface, area of flame is dwindled gradually, and flame extinguishes rapidly in 20 s.
Embodiment 5
Under pressure 4 MPa, 5 ℃ of conditions of temperature; Synthetic carbon dioxide hydrate in the high pressure stirred autoclave of dischargeable capacity 1 L; Take out hydrate then; In-15 ℃ freezer, be ground into pressed powder, and on 35 mesh sieves, filter out the hydrate powder of particle diameter, obtain the carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishing chemical less than 0.5 mm.Above-mentioned extinguishing chemical is sprayed at equably on the plastic foam of burning, finds that the extinguishing chemical powder decomposes carbon dioxide gas rapidly at foam surface, area of flame is dwindled gradually, and flame extinguishes rapidly in 30 s.
Claims (3)
1. carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishing chemical; It is characterized in that; Be by carbon dioxide and water or solid carbon dioxide at 0.5 ~ 5 MPa ,-10 ~ 15 ℃ down reaction generate carbon dioxide hydrates, and grinding, sieving into the carbon dioxide hydrate powder of particle diameter below-10 ℃ less than 1.0 mm.
2. carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishing chemical according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Be at 2.5 ~ 4 MPa by carbon dioxide and water or solid carbon dioxide; 1 ~ 5 ℃ is reacted the generation carbon dioxide hydrate down, and is grinding, sieving into the carbon dioxide hydrate powder of particle diameter less than 0.5mm below-10 ℃.
3. the application of the described carbon dioxide hydrate extinguishing chemical of one of claim 1-2 in the combustible fire extinguishing.
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104826263A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-08-12 | 上海理工大学 | Carbon-free gas hydrate fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
CN104841084A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-08-19 | 上海理工大学 | Low-carbon mixed gas hydrate extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
CN106823220A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-06-13 | 山东宏达科技集团有限公司 | A kind of extinguishing method, fire extinguishing system and the fire fighting truck of the system is set |
CN106955441A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-07-18 | 孙铎 | The fire extinguisher of filling arbon dioxide hydrate and its application |
CN108117076A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-06-05 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of carbon dioxide hydrate reaction unit and the method for improving its generation effect |
CN109021918A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-12-18 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of low-carbon mixed gas hydrate Explosion suppressant |
CN110433443A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-11-12 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of the solid carbon dioxide material based on Silica hydrogel and its application as extinguishing chemical |
CN114887272A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-12 | 华南理工大学 | Hydrated inorganic salt dry powder extinguishing agent and application thereof in inhibiting thermal runaway propagation of lithium ion battery |
CN115887983A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-04-04 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Disc type carbon dioxide hydrate fire extinguisher and fire extinguishing method |
CN115970218A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-04-18 | 中国科学技术大学 | Dry water powder fire extinguishing material suitable for high and cold environment and preparation method thereof |
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JP2007319281A (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-13 | Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The | Fire-extinguishing equipment, method of generating fire-extinguishing agent and fire-extinguishing agent |
CN101525133A (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2009-09-09 | 上海理工大学 | Preparation method of carbon dioxide hydrate |
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US5304356A (en) * | 1989-11-21 | 1994-04-19 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for the fixation of carbon dioxide, apparatus for fixing and disposing carbon dioxide, and apparatus for the treatment of carbon dioxide |
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Cited By (13)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN104841084A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-08-19 | 上海理工大学 | Low-carbon mixed gas hydrate extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
CN104826263A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-08-12 | 上海理工大学 | Carbon-free gas hydrate fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
CN106823220A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-06-13 | 山东宏达科技集团有限公司 | A kind of extinguishing method, fire extinguishing system and the fire fighting truck of the system is set |
CN106955441A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-07-18 | 孙铎 | The fire extinguisher of filling arbon dioxide hydrate and its application |
CN108117076A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-06-05 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of carbon dioxide hydrate reaction unit and the method for improving its generation effect |
CN109021918B (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2020-11-24 | 河南理工大学 | Preparation method of low-carbon mixed gas hydrate explosion suppressant |
CN109021918A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-12-18 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of low-carbon mixed gas hydrate Explosion suppressant |
CN110433443A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-11-12 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of the solid carbon dioxide material based on Silica hydrogel and its application as extinguishing chemical |
CN114887272A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-12 | 华南理工大学 | Hydrated inorganic salt dry powder extinguishing agent and application thereof in inhibiting thermal runaway propagation of lithium ion battery |
CN115887983A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-04-04 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Disc type carbon dioxide hydrate fire extinguisher and fire extinguishing method |
CN115887983B (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2024-01-23 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Dish type carbon dioxide hydrate fire extinguisher and fire extinguishing method |
CN115970218A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-04-18 | 中国科学技术大学 | Dry water powder fire extinguishing material suitable for high and cold environment and preparation method thereof |
CN115970218B (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-02-23 | 中国科学技术大学 | Dry water powder fire extinguishing material suitable for severe cold environment and preparation method thereof |
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