CN102767425B - Switching device for admission passage and exhaust passage - Google Patents

Abstract

An intake and exhaust gas path switching device in the technical field of internal combustion engines, comprising: a compressor, an intake pipe, an engine, an exhaust pipe, a turbine, a volume chamber, a connecting pipe, a moving body, a spring and a through pipe, and the moving body is installed in the volume chamber The penetrating tube runs through the left and right walls of the moving body, and the upper wall of the moving body is connected to the upper wall of the volume chamber through a spring. When the engine is in a low-speed working condition, the mobile body moves upwards, only the first compressor and the first turbine work, the pulse energy is fully utilized, the intake pressure of the engine is high, and the overall performance of the engine is better; when the engine is in a high-speed working condition , the moving body moves downward, the first compressor, the second compressor, the first turbine, and the second turbine work simultaneously, the engine pumping loss is small, and the overall performance of the engine is better. The invention has reasonable design and simple structure, and is suitable for a turbocharging system with two turbochargers.

Description

Inlet and exhaust gas path switching device

technical field

The invention relates to a turbocharging system in the field of internal combustion engines, in particular to an intake and exhaust gas path switching device.

Background technique

With the development of society and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, the application of engine supercharging technology is becoming more and more extensive. Most of the engines with medium and high power adopt turbocharging technology to improve power and reduce fuel consumption. The two basic types of turbocharging systems are constant pressure supercharging system and pulse supercharging system. Constant-pressure supercharging system, each cylinder shares a large-volume exhaust pipe, the structure of the exhaust pipe system is relatively simple, the equivalent flow area of the turbine is relatively large, the pressure in the exhaust pipe is basically kept constant, and the pressure is only related to the load of the engine It is related to the rotational speed, and the supercharging systems of diesel engines with different cylinder numbers can be designed uniformly. The constant pressure supercharging system has less pumping loss, higher turbine efficiency and better performance under high-speed conditions; however, it cannot fully utilize the exhaust pulse energy under low-speed conditions. Pulse supercharging system, according to the firing sequence of each cylinder, connects two cylinders or three cylinders that do not interfere with the exhaust gas with the same exhaust pipe, the diameter of the exhaust pipe system is small, and the equivalent flow area of the turbine is also small , the exhaust pulse energy can be fully utilized, and the performance is better in low-speed and transient conditions; but in high-speed conditions, the pumping loss is relatively large. It can be seen that if the turbine equivalent flow area of an engine can change with the change of working conditions, the equivalent flow area of the turbine will be increased under high-speed conditions, and the equivalent flow area of the turbine will be reduced under low-speed conditions. ideal.

After searching the existing technical literature, it is found that Chinese patent number ZL200820226936.6, patent name: a compressor parallel supercharging device for a turbocharger, this patent technology provides a device with a variable compressor shell, It can better take into account the high and low speed conditions of the engine; but the change of its housing requires a set of special control mechanisms, which makes the structure of the booster system more complicated.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims at the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and provides an intake and exhaust gas path switching device, which enables the supercharging system to self-regulate, and better takes into account the high and low speed conditions of the engine, and has a simple structure and does not require special control mechanism.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, the present invention includes: a first air intake pipe, a first compressor, an engine intake pipe, an engine, an engine exhaust pipe, a first turbine, a first air outlet pipe, and a first connecting shaft , volume cavity, volume cavity upper wall, volume cavity lower wall, volume cavity left wall, volume cavity right wall, volume cavity front wall, volume cavity rear wall, spring, first connecting pipe, second connecting pipe, third connecting pipe , the fourth connecting pipe, the penetrating pipe, the moving body, the second compressor, the second turbine, the second suction pipe, the second outlet pipe and the second connecting shaft, the inlet and outlet of the first compressor are respectively connected with the first suction The air outlet of the engine intake pipe is connected with the air inlet of the engine intake pipe, the air inlet and outlet of the engine are respectively connected with the air outlet of the engine intake pipe and the air inlet of the engine exhaust pipe, and the air inlet and outlet of the first turbine are connected with the engine exhaust pipe respectively. The air outlet of the pipe is connected with the air inlet of the first air outlet pipe, the first compressor is connected with the first turbine through the first connecting shaft, the cross section of the volume chamber is rectangular, the upper wall of the volume chamber, the lower wall of the volume chamber, The left wall of the volume cavity, the right wall of the volume cavity, the front wall of the volume cavity, and the rear wall of the volume cavity are fixedly connected as one. The two ends of the first connecting pipe are respectively connected with the engine intake pipe and the upper wall of the volume chamber. The two ends of the third connecting pipe are respectively connected with the outlet of the second compressor and the right wall of the volume chamber, and the two ends of the fourth connecting pipe are respectively connected with the second The air inlet of the turbine is connected with the right wall of the volume chamber, the air outlet of the second suction pipe is connected with the air inlet of the second compressor, and the air inlet of the second air outlet pipe is connected with the air outlet of the second turbine , the second compressor is connected to the second turbine through the second connecting shaft, the moving body is installed in the volume cavity and is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the volume cavity, the penetrating pipe runs through the left and right walls of the moving body, and the upper wall of the moving body passes through The spring is connected with the upper wall of the volume chamber.

Further, in the present invention, the second connecting pipe, the fourth connecting pipe, and the through pipe are all round pipes with the same cross-section and the same inner diameter, the axis of the second connecting pipe coincides with the axis of the fourth connecting pipe, and the axis of the second connecting pipe The axis, the axis of the fourth connecting pipe, and the axis of the through pipe are all on the same plane.

In the present invention, the moving body can move up and down in the volume cavity. When the engine is in a low-speed working condition, the pressure in the engine intake pipe is low, and the pressure in the volume cavity above the moving body is also low. Under the tension of the spring, the moving body moves upward, so that the first connecting pipe and the third The connecting pipes are separated, the second connecting pipe is separated from the fourth connecting pipe, only the first compressor and the first turbine are working in the whole booster system, the equivalent inlet area of the turbine is small, the pulse energy can be fully utilized, and the engine The higher the air intake pressure, the better the overall performance of the engine; when the engine is at high speed, the pressure in the engine intake pipe is higher, and the pressure in the volume cavity above the moving body is also higher, and the moving body moves down and stretches the spring , so that the first connecting pipe communicates with the third connecting pipe, and the second connecting pipe communicates with the fourth connecting pipe. In the whole booster system, the first compressor, the second compressor, the first turbine and the second turbine Both are working at the same time, the turbine equivalent inlet area is larger, the engine pumping loss is smaller, and the overall performance of the engine is better.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention is reasonable in design and simple in structure, can take into account the high and low rotational speed conditions of the engine, and can make the supercharging system not require a special control mechanism.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the intake and exhaust gas path switching device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of A-A section among Fig. 1;

Among them: 1. The first suction pipe, 2. The first compressor, 3. The engine intake pipe, 4. The engine, 5. The engine exhaust pipe, 6. The first turbine, 7. The first outlet pipe, 8. The first One connecting shaft, 9, volume cavity, 10, volume cavity upper wall, 11, volume cavity lower wall, 12, volume cavity left wall, 13, volume cavity right wall, 14, volume cavity front wall, 15, volume cavity rear wall , 16, spring, 17, first connecting pipe, 18, second connecting pipe, 19, third connecting pipe, 20, fourth connecting pipe, 21, through pipe, 22, moving body, 23, second compressor, 24, the second turbine, 25, the second air intake pipe, 26, the second air outlet pipe, 27, the second connecting shaft.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. This embodiment is based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. .

Example

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the present invention includes: a first air intake pipe 1, a first compressor 2, an engine intake pipe 3, an engine 4, an engine exhaust pipe 5, a first turbine 6, and a first air outlet pipe 7 , the first connecting shaft 8, the volume cavity 9, the volume cavity upper wall 10, the volume cavity lower wall 11, the volume cavity left wall 12, the volume cavity right wall 13, the volume cavity front wall 14, the volume cavity rear wall 15, the spring 16, First connecting pipe 17, second connecting pipe 18, third connecting pipe 19, fourth connecting pipe 20, through pipe 21, moving body 22, second compressor 23, second turbine 24, second suction pipe 25, The second air outlet pipe 26 and the second connecting shaft 27, the air inlet and outlet of the first compressor 2 are connected with the air outlet of the first air intake pipe 1 and the air inlet of the engine intake pipe 3 respectively, and the air inlet and outlet of the engine 4 are respectively connected with The air outlet of engine intake pipe 3, the air inlet of engine exhaust pipe 5 are connected, the air inlet and outlet of first turbine 6 are connected with the air outlet of engine exhaust pipe 5, the air inlet of the first air outlet pipe 7 respectively, The first compressor 2 is connected to the first turbine 6 through the first connecting shaft 8. The cross section of the volume chamber 9 is rectangular, and the upper wall surface 10 of the volume chamber, the lower wall surface 11 of the volume chamber, the left wall surface 12 of the volume chamber, and the right wall surface of the volume chamber 13. The front wall surface 14 of the volume chamber and the rear wall surface 15 of the volume chamber are fixedly connected as one. The two ends of the first connecting pipe 17 are respectively connected with the engine intake pipe 3 and the upper wall surface 10 of the volume chamber. The two ends of the second connecting pipe 18 are respectively It communicates with the engine exhaust pipe 5 and the left wall surface 12 of the volume chamber, the two ends of the third connecting pipe 19 communicate with the air outlet of the second compressor 23 and the right wall surface 13 of the volume chamber respectively, Connect with the air inlet of the second turbine 24 and the right wall surface 13 of the volume chamber respectively, the air outlet of the second suction pipe 25 is connected with the air inlet of the second compressor 23, the air inlet of the second air outlet pipe 26 Connected to the gas outlet of the second turbine 24, the second compressor 23 is connected to the second turbine 24 through the second connecting shaft 27, the moving body 22 is installed in the volume chamber 9 and is in sealing contact with the inner wall surface of the volume chamber 9, The penetrating pipe 21 runs through the left and right walls of the mobile body 22, and the upper wall of the mobile body 22 is connected to the upper wall surface 10 of the volume cavity through the spring 16. The pipes have the same inner diameter, the axis of the second connecting pipe 18 coincides with the axis of the fourth connecting pipe 20, the axis of the second connecting pipe 18, the axis of the fourth connecting pipe 20, and the axis of the through pipe 21 are all on the same plane.

In the present invention, the moving body 22 can move up and down in the volume cavity 9 . When the engine 4 is in a low-speed working condition, the pressure in the engine intake pipe 3 is low, and the pressure in the volume chamber 9 above the moving body 22 is also low. Under the stretching action of the spring 16, the moving body 22 moves upward, thereby making the first A connecting pipe 17 is separated from the third connecting pipe 19, and the second connecting pipe 18 is separated from the fourth connecting pipe 20. In the whole booster system, only the first compressor 2 and the first turbine 6 are working, and the turbine equivalent The inlet area is small, the pulse energy can be fully utilized, the intake pressure of the engine 4 is relatively large, and the overall performance of the engine 4 is better; The pressure in the volume chamber 9 is also relatively high, the moving body 22 moves down and stretches the spring 16, so that the first connecting pipe 17 communicates with the third connecting pipe 19, and the second connecting pipe 18 connects with the fourth connecting pipe 20 Generally, the first compressor 2, the second compressor 23, the first turbine 6 and the second turbine 24 are all working at the same time in the entire supercharging system, the equivalent inlet area of the turbine is relatively large, and the pumping loss of the engine 4 is relatively small. Engine 4 complete machine performance is better. Therefore, the present invention can better take into account the high and low rotational speed working conditions of the engine 4 .

Claims (2)

1. An intake and exhaust gas path switching device, comprising: a first air intake pipe (1), a first compressor (2), an engine intake pipe (3), an engine (4), and an engine exhaust pipe (5) , the first turbine (6), the first outlet pipe (7), the first connecting shaft (8), the second compressor (23), the second turbine (24), the second suction pipe (25), the second The air outlet pipe (26) and the second connecting shaft (27), the air inlet and outlet of the first compressor (2) are respectively connected with the air outlet of the first air suction pipe (1) and the air inlet of the engine air intake pipe (3) , the air inlet and outlet of the engine (4) are respectively connected with the air outlet of the engine intake pipe (3) and the air inlet of the engine exhaust pipe (5), and the air inlet and outlet of the first turbine (6) are respectively connected with the engine exhaust pipe ( 5) is connected to the air outlet of the first outlet pipe (7), the first compressor (2) is connected to the first turbine (6) through the first connecting shaft (8), and the second suction pipe The air outlet of (25) is connected with the air inlet of the second compressor (23), the air inlet of the second air outlet pipe (26) is connected with the air outlet of the second turbine (24), and the second air compressor ( 23) It is connected with the second turbine (24) through the second connecting shaft (27), and it is characterized in that it also includes volume cavity (9), volume cavity upper wall surface (10), volume cavity lower wall surface (11), volume cavity left Wall surface (12), volume cavity right wall surface (13), volume cavity front wall surface (14), volume cavity rear wall surface (15), spring (16), first connecting pipe (17), second connecting pipe (18), The third connecting pipe (19), the fourth connecting pipe (20), the through pipe (21), the moving body (22), the cross section of the volume cavity (9) is rectangular, the upper wall of the volume cavity (10), the lower surface of the volume cavity The wall (11), the left wall of the volume cavity (12), the right wall of the volume cavity (13), the front wall of the volume cavity (14), and the rear wall of the volume cavity (15) are fixedly connected as one, and the two parts of the first connecting pipe (17) The two ends of the second connecting pipe (18) are respectively connected with the engine exhaust pipe (5) and the left wall of the volume chamber (12). The two ends of the third connecting pipe (19) are respectively connected with the air outlet of the second compressor (23) and the right wall of the volume chamber (13), and the two ends of the fourth connecting pipe (20) are connected with the second turbine (24) respectively. ) and the right wall of the volume chamber (13), the moving body (22) is installed in the volume chamber (9) and is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the volume chamber (9), and the through pipe (21) runs through the moving body The left and right walls of (22) and the upper wall of the moving body (22) are connected with the upper wall of the volume cavity (10) through a spring (16). 2. The intake and exhaust air path switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second connecting pipe (18), the fourth connecting pipe (20), and the through pipe (21) are all circular pipes with equal cross-sections and The inner diameters are the same, the axis of the second connecting pipe (18) coincides with the axis of the fourth connecting pipe (20), the axis of the second connecting pipe (18), the axis of the fourth connecting pipe (20), the through pipe (21) axes are on the same plane.

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