CN102762408B - 功率传输链 - Google Patents

功率传输链 Download PDF

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CN102762408B
CN102762408B CN201080061527.5A CN201080061527A CN102762408B CN 102762408 B CN102762408 B CN 102762408B CN 201080061527 A CN201080061527 A CN 201080061527A CN 102762408 B CN102762408 B CN 102762408B
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CN102762408A (zh
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S.鲍威尔
H.兰增伯格
A.施米多弗
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Magna Steyr Engineering AG and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

本发明涉及用于范围扩展模块的能量传输链，包括下述序列：内燃机（7）；由所述内燃机机械驱动的交流发电机（8）；以及换流器（10），电连接到所述交流发电机并具有用于给电负载馈电的下级单向DC/DC转换器（11），其中，该内燃机（7）安装有其自己的电起动电动机（5）。

Description

功率传输链
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于范围扩展模块的功率传输链（train）。
背景技术
在未来的用于电动车的驱动中意图采用将车辆的范围扩展超出纯电范围的组件。为此，正在讨论所谓的范围扩展模块，其包含有小的内燃机，该小的内燃机驱动用于产生辅助和/或应急功率的机械耦合的发电机。在这种情况下，内燃机在其最佳工作点连续运行，结果，排放量（developmentofemission）和噪声能够被最小化。
这种功率传输链的已知解决方案也将反向模式中的发电机用作用于起动内燃机的电动机。为此，双向换流器（inverter）模块连接到发电机的下级，所述换流器模块在发电机模式中从发电机交流电流产生用于车辆蓄电池的直流电流，并在电动机模式中将来自车辆蓄电池的直流电流转变为相应的交流电流，用于给发电机馈电。这种双向换流器模块是复杂的且相应昂贵的。此外，发电机和换流器模块必须为了内燃机的高起动转矩而进行设计，因此会有相应高的起动电流。这意味着大的安装空间和大的重量，出于成本和空间的原因，这是不切实际的，特别是对于相对小的电动车更是如此。此外，例如，当同步发电机用作为电动机时，其需要用于操作的角位置传感器，这在成本方面会呈现出进一步的劣势。
发明内容
本发明的目的是创建一种用于范围扩展模块的功率传输链，其比已知设计更加经济有效、更加轻便和更加节省空间，尤其是便于允许它用在小的城市车辆中。
根据本发明，这个目的由功率传输链实现，该功率传输链的特征在于包括下述的序列：内燃机；由所述内燃机机械驱动的交流发电机；以及整流器，电连接到所述交流发电机，并且在下级连接有用于给电负载馈电的单向DC/DC转换器，该内燃机安装有其自己的电力起动电动机。
本发明基于下述惊人的发现：当功率传输链唯一以单向方式（也就是说，包括起动电动机→内燃机→交流发电机→整流器→DC/DC转换器的单向序列）设计时能够节省可观的成本、重量和安装空间，即使它需要专用起动电动机，但可以省掉昂贵的双向换流器。由于换流器和发电机不必形成用于内燃机的高起动电流的尺寸，因此可以节省显著的安装空间和重量。此外，简单的无源整流器就足够了，而且用于内燃机的分开的起动电动机是市售可得的、经济有效的部件。而且，发电机中的角位置传感器也被省掉，这进一步节省了成本。
根据本发明的优选实施例，当该起动电动机是市售可得的标准12伏起动电动机时，本发明是特别有利的。
交流发电机优选地是三相永磁同步电机(PSM)，其特征在于特别简单和健壮的设计。
出于同样原因，当该整流器是三相无源全波整流器（优选是二级管桥）时，本发明是特别有利的。
考虑到功率传输链的单向性，能够使用非常简单的DC/DC转换器，优选是由微处理器控制的电荷泵形成。
当负载是用于电力牵引驱动的高压蓄电池时，本发明是特别有利的，对于该高压蓄电池，DC/DC转换器可以以微处理器控制的方式提供相应的电压电平。
本发明的另一个更加有利的实施例的特征在于，内燃机和/或交流发电机具有液体冷却系统，其也冷却整流器和/或DC/DC转换器。结果，能够进一步地节省组件以及因此的安装空间、重量和成本。
当整流器和DC/DC转换器集成于交流发电机的机壳内或法兰连接（flange-connect）到交流发电机的所述机壳以便创建自主单元时，本发明是特别有利的。
功率传输链优选地具有用于混合动力车的可互换范围扩展模块的形式，例如其能够以模块化的可互换方式插入混合动力车中。
附图说明
本发明将会参考以下在附图中描述的示例性实施例进行更加详细地说明，附图中，
图1示出本发明的功率传输链的方框电路图。
具体实施方式
图1示出范围扩展模块1，其给用于混合动力车辆的电力牵引驱动（未进一步示出）的高压蓄电池2馈电。该范围扩展模块1作为自主的、模块化的可互换单元被安排在例如机壳或者组件支撑物上，并安装有用于连接到高压蓄电池2的电连接部3、4。
该范围扩展模块1包含单向功率传输链，其顺序地包括：
-市售可得的起动电动机5，例如为用于电动机车辆的标准12伏起动电动机；
-低功率到中等功率的内燃机7，其可以通过例如带驱动或者小齿轮6由起动电动机5在例如15到30千瓦的范围内起动；该内燃机7优选地被控制装置（没有示出）控制，该控制装置可以通过合适的总线系统，例如根据HS-CAN或者FlexRay标准与车辆的剩余部分进行通信；
-交流发电机8，优选地是三相永磁同步电机（PSM）的形式，该发电机8是被内燃机7通过轴9、齿轮驱动、带驱动等来驱动的；
-整流器10，其电连接到发电机8，优选地是包括六个快速二极管D1至D6和平滑电容器C1的二级管桥形式的简单无源三相全波整流器；
-连接到整流器10下级的DC/DC转换器11，用于将整流器10的输出电压进行平滑和向上或者向下变压到跨连接部3、4的希望电势；在所示的优选实施例中，DC/DC转换器11是微处理控制的电荷泵，它具有存储电感器L1、存储电容器C2和包括二极管D7以及被微处理器μP控制的开关S1的充电电路。
微处理器μP用高内部时钟频率来操作开关S1以及因此的DC/DC转换器11，因此，组件的尺寸可以保持很小。开关S1的时序比和占空比可以用来设置电压，因此也可以设置传输的功率。在这种情况下，微处理器μP还通过总线12例如根据HS-CAN或者FlexRay标准与车辆组件进行通信，以便释放希望的功率。
将要产生的功率或者用于高压蓄电池的希望的充电电流例如预先指定作为控制变量。控制系统能够例如从输出连接部3、4中的电流传感器、DC/DC转换器11的输入和/或输出处的电压传感器、以及从内部温度传感器获取数据。高压蓄电池2的特殊充电特性曲线可以通过软件来实现，并且可以通过微处理器μP来控制。
作为DC/DC转换器11中的附加防护措施（例如关断晶体管）的结果，在故障的情况下，例如在转速过度的情况下，在发电机8上出现的过电压可与连接部3、4去耦合，因此可以防止电力负载上不希望的充电或者电压升高。
整流器10和/或DC/DC转换器11优选地通过液体冷却，尤其优选通过还冷却发电机8和/或内燃机7的相同的液体冷却系统进行冷却。整流器10和DC/DC转换器11优选可以集成到共同机壳13中，尤其优选是也可以与发电机8的机壳14一起集成或者集成在发电机8的机壳14中。
功率传输链5至11的应用领域不限于所示的对高压蓄电池2进行充电或者给电力牵引驱动馈电的应用，而是，还可以包括静态的应用，例如在辅助或者应急功率组件中。
因此，本发明不限于所示的实施例，而是，包括落在权利要求范围内的所有变型和修改。
相关申请
本发明基于2010年1月15日在德国申请的DE102010004709.0，其通过引用合并于此。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于范围扩展模块的功率传输链，特征在于，包括下述项的序列：内燃机(7)；由所述内燃机机械驱动的交流发电机(8)；以及整流器(10)，电连接到所述交流发电机，并且在下级连接有用于给电负载馈电的单向的、微处理器控制的DC/DC转换器(11)，内燃机(7)安装有其自己的电力起动电动机(5)，并且所述DC/DC转换器能够以微处理器控制的方式提供负载的电压电平，其中该DC/DC转换器(11)是微处理器控制的电荷泵，并且该交流发电机(8)是三相永磁同步电机，其中所述负载是用于电力牵引驱动的高压蓄电池(2)，并且用于控制所述DC/DC转换器的控制变量是所需要的功率或者用于所述高压蓄电池(2)的充电电流。
2.根据权利要求1的功率传输链，特征在于，该起动电动机(5)是标准12伏起动电动机。
3.根据权利要求1的功率传输链，特征在于，该整流器(10)是三相无源全波整流器。
4.根据权利要求1的功率传输链，特征在于，该整流器(10)是二级管桥(D1-D6)。
5.根据权利要求1的功率传输链，特征在于，该内燃机(7)和/或该交流发电机(8)具有还冷却该整流器(10)的液体冷却系统。
6.根据权利要求1的功率传输链，特征在于，该内燃机(7)和/或该交流发电机(8)具有还冷却该DC/DC转换器(11)的液体冷却系统。
7.根据权利要求1的功率传输链，特征在于，该整流器(10)和该DC/DC转换器(11)集成于该交流发电机(8)的机壳(13,14)中或法兰连接到所述交流电动机的所述机壳。
8.根据权利要求1的功率传输链，特征在于，其具有用于混合动力车的可互换的范围扩展模块(1)的形式。
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US20120280502A1 (en) 2012-11-08

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