CN102749934A - Automatic tracker for sunlight - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic sunlight tracker, which comprises a bone joint mechanical structure arranged on a base, a connecting frame is arranged on the upper movable end of the bone joint mechanical structure, and a load that needs to collect sunlight is installed on the connecting frame ; The peripheral side of the connecting frame is arranged with some sealed cylinders vertically fixed on the base, and the movable end of the sealed cylinder is connected with the lower side of the connecting frame through a joint mechanism; Coefficient of sun-ray-focusing reflective surfaces. On the premise of not consuming electric energy, the invention effectively solves the technical problem of high failure rate of driving and transmission devices in the automatic tracking system caused by bad application environment, and will pave the way for popularization and application of solar concentrators.

Description

A solar automatic tracker

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy equipment, and relates to a tracker, in particular to a solar automatic tracker.

Background technique

The development and utilization of new energy represented by solar energy has become one of the effective methods for human beings to solve the energy crisis, and it has also become the basic energy decision of my country's sustainable development strategy. However, due to the low energy density of sunlight (1KW/M ² ) and the characteristics of periodic changes in direction over time, in order to improve the utilization rate of solar energy, the most common way is to use more efficient sunlight for direct lighting or photothermal power generation. The way is to use concentrated light to increase the density of solar energy, and the solar concentrator must be equipped with an automatic tracking system. Although the automatic control technology is developed to today, it is not difficult to realize automatic tracking of sunlight. However, due to the harsh outdoor working environment of the automatic tracking system and the transmission mechanism, it is very difficult to ensure its reliability at low cost to meet the requirements of practical engineering applications; The influence of the lubrication function of the system will easily lead to an increase in the failure rate of the tracking system and lose its practical value. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an automatic tracking system equipped with low cost and high reliability according to the characteristics of the concentrator itself, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of solar energy, and has conducted in-depth and comprehensive research on this, and obtained corresponding progress and six invention patents. .

At present, the usual two-dimensional or one-dimensional solar automatic tracking system is usually composed of a solar signal collector, a signal processor (with a computer or a single-chip microcomputer as the core), a driving motor and a transmission device. The coarse and fine adjustment technology used in it realizes the invention patent technology of large-scale, high-precision automatic tracking of sunlight and the corresponding software program. After several years of practical application, it has been proved that the working performance is stable and reliable. However, due to the harsh outdoor environment where the transmission mechanism is located The working environment, mainly the impact of dust, wind, sand and chemical corrosion on the lubrication function of the transmission system will easily lead to an increase in the failure rate of the tracking system. Therefore, according to the practical requirements, it has become the key to the promotion and application of solar energy to adopt a new method to manufacture the driving and transmission structure to realize the high reliability automatic tracking of sunlight under the condition that the above technical problems can be avoided.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide a solar automatic tracker, which uses the characteristics of thermal expansion and contraction of objects as power, and passes through some tubular special objects arranged in a certain space under the directional irradiation of concentrated sunlight. The thrust generated by the high expansion coefficient material in the device (equivalent to the signal acquisition and processing part of the sensor) after being heated directly drives the load (concentrator) to produce directional movement; thus not only realizes energy saving (no motor drive) and transmission mechanism The automatic tracking function of solar concentrators for sunlight can be completed under certain conditions, and the technical problem of high failure rate of driving and transmission devices in automatic tracking systems caused by harsh application environments can be effectively solved, paving the way for the popularization and application of solar concentrators.

The purpose of the present invention is solved by the following technical solutions:

This kind of sunlight automatic tracker includes a bone joint mechanical structure arranged on the base, the upper movable end of the bone joint mechanical structure is provided with a connecting frame, and a load that needs to collect sunlight is installed on the connecting frame; the connection A number of sealed cylinders vertically fixed on the base are arranged around the frame, and the movable ends of the sealed cylinders are connected with the lower side of the connecting frame through a joint mechanism; solar rays with high reflection coefficient are arranged on the rear side of several sealed cylinders. Focusing reflective surfaces.

The above-mentioned sealed cylinder is placed upside down on the base, that is, its piston shaft is fixed on the base, and its cylinder body is connected with the lower side of the connecting frame through a movable joint mechanism.

The sealed cylinder is composed of a sealed cylindrical cylinder and a piston shaft arranged at one end of the cylindrical cylinder, and the cylindrical cylinder is filled with gas.

The above-mentioned reflective curved surface is in the shape of a parabola in the vertical direction.

The above-mentioned joint mechanism includes horizontal power arms fixedly arranged on the connecting frame and the sealed cylinder respectively, and the two horizontal power arms are connected by rollers.

The above-mentioned load is composed of a dish-shaped reflective condenser and a light-adjusting body; the dish-shaped reflective condenser is fixed on the connecting frame, and the opposite light-adjusting body is set directly above the dish-shaped reflective condenser through the connecting rib , a hollow light channel is set at the center of the dish-shaped reflective light collector.

Further, the main optical axes of the dish-shaped reflective concentrator and the light modulator disposed opposite to each other are coincident and have the same focal point.

The load proposed above in the present invention may be a solar photovoltaic panel arranged on a connecting frame.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

In the past, the motor drive and mechanical transmission mechanism used in solar energy were easily affected by the harsh external environment, resulting in a high failure rate and a decline in cost performance. The present invention aims at this situation, and the light-concentrating body load adopts bone joint connection, so just can rotate 360 degrees. A better tracking effect can be achieved. The driving device uses the thermal expansion and contraction characteristics of the object as the power, and under the directional irradiation of concentrated sunlight, the thrust generated by the high expansion coefficient material in some tubular special devices arranged according to a certain spatial position is directly driven by the load (concentrator) Produce directional movement. This driving method realizes the previous complex mechanical and motor transmission control mode by using the simple principle of thermal expansion and contraction of sunlight. The control law is directly taken from the sunlight irradiation law, and there is no need to artificially set it. The whole system has a simple structure, does not consume energy, and is cost-effective. It occupies a small area, saves space, and is easy to maintain. In addition to realizing the automatic tracking sunlight function of the solar concentrator, it can also be widely used in the automatic tracking sunlight of photovoltaic panels in photovoltaic power generation systems. Provide a better platform for the promotion of solar energy.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention's position without illumination;

Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1;

Figure 3 shows the location under sunlight.

Among them: 1 is a dish-shaped reflective light concentrator; 2 is a light-adjusting body; 3 is a connecting rib; 4 is a sealed cylinder; 5 is a reflective surface; 6 is a bone joint mechanical structure; 7 is a connecting frame.

Detailed ways

The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

Referring to Figs. 1-3, the solar automatic tracker of the present invention includes a bone joint mechanical structure 6 arranged on the base, and a connecting frame 7 is arranged on the upper movable end of the bone joint mechanical structure 6, and a connecting frame 7 is installed on the connecting frame 7. The load of collecting sunlight; the peripheral side of the connecting frame 7 is arranged with some sealed cylinders 4 vertically fixed on the base, and the movable end of the sealed cylinder 4 is connected with the lower side of the connecting frame 7 through a joint mechanism; The rear side is provided with a solar ray focusing reflective curved surface 5 with a high reflection coefficient. The reflective curved surface 5 is in the shape of a parabola in the vertical direction.

The sealed cylinder 4 of the present invention is composed of a sealed cylindrical cylinder and a piston shaft arranged at one end of the cylindrical cylinder, and the cylindrical cylinder is filled with gas. Some sealed cylinders 4 are all upside down on the base, that is, its piston shaft 4.1 is fixed on the base, and its cylinder body 4.2 is connected with the lower side of the connecting frame 7 through a movable joint mechanism. The joint mechanism includes horizontal power arms fixedly arranged on the connecting frame 7 and the sealed cylinder 4 respectively, and the two horizontal power arms are connected by rollers.

The solar automatic tracker of the present invention is applicable to any load that needs to face the sun to collect sunlight all the time. What Fig. 1-3 provides is a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention, and the load in the figure is made of dish-shaped reflective concentrator 1 and dimmer 2; dish-shaped reflective concentrator 1 is fixedly arranged on the connecting frame 7, and directly above the dish-shaped reflective concentrator 1, the dimmer 2 opposite to it is arranged through the connecting rib 3, on the disc A hollowed-out light channel is arranged at the center of the reflective concentrator 1 . The main optical axes of the dish-shaped reflective concentrator 1 and the dimmer 2 arranged oppositely are coincident and have the same focal point.

In summary, one of the embodiments of the present invention is composed of a dish-shaped reflective concentrator 1 and a light-adjusting body 2, and a plurality of sealing surfaces 5 corresponding to the solar ray focusing reflective surface 5 with a high reflection coefficient. The cylinder 4 forms a heated body group, and requires the mechanical structure of the bone joint to have the function of free rotation in three dimensions. The dish-shaped reflective parabolic concentrator 1 and the curved surface of the light-adjusting body 2 as loads should have the same focal point and the same optical axis, but the focal lengths of the two are different. Under the driving control of the automatic tracking system), the optical axis of the load is always kept parallel to the sunlight. After the reflection surface of the dish-shaped reflective parabolic spherical concentrator 1 realizes parallel sunlight concentration and enhancement, then according to the reversibility of the optical path The principle is to adjust to enhanced parallel sunlight through the dimmer 2 (mirror surface) at the same focus and with the same optical axis, and output the hole along the optical axis from the hollow output hole in the center of the dish-shaped reflective parabolic concentrator 1 (ie Light channel) is emitted; and the heating body group composed of the high reflection coefficient solar reflection surface 5 and the corresponding multiple sealed cylinders 4 is formed according to the specific spatial position, and can be integrated at one time to complete the automatic tracking of the sunlight system. functions of signal acquisition, power drive and transmission; that is, the use of the parabolic reflector to gather and reflect the sunlight at this moment to the corresponding sealed cylinder 4, the heat generated will cause the thermal expansion of the sealed gas, and due to the sealing The sealing gas in the cylinder body of cylinder 4 is in the shape of a metal cylinder, and the shape in other directions is fixed, so the new balance of pressure can only be realized through the directional movement of the piston, that is, corresponding thrust is generated to promote the directional movement of the piston rod, and The diameter of the piston here is much smaller than that of the heated part. The purpose is to meet the actual needs of a larger distance displacement and a relatively small thrust, and this directional movement exerts an upward force through the power arm and the roller at the top to make the focus The upward movement of the light body produces an inclination to ensure that its normal line is basically consistent with the direction of the sun's rays; as the sun moves from east to west, the direction of the sun's rays also continuously changes accordingly, so that as time goes by in different time periods Heating each sealed heating body of A, B, C, D, etc. (set to P in Figure 2), and correspondingly with the movement of sunlight, the sealed cylinders of A, B, C, D, etc. are in order because in different time periods The piston rod retracts due to the loss of concentrated and reflected sunlight, and the piston rod shrinks after natural cooling, and falls back naturally under the action of load gravity, thus forming a dish-shaped reflector as the sunlight changes in sequence from east to south and then to west. The cross-section of the type concentrator 1 also produces a rotation (movement) facing from east to south and then west, so that the concentrator can automatically track the direction of sunlight and achieve the maximum effect of receiving sunlight; of course, the dish-shaped reflective concentrator The precondition for light body 1 to produce these motions must be that the entire load is located at the center of the dish-shaped reflective light collector 1 as the rotation axis, which can be realized by connecting with the mechanical structure by forming a sliding connection in any direction at the support point in the form of bone joints. The bone joint mechanical structure referred to in the present invention is a ball-column joint connection structure, which has the ability to rotate in multiple directions.

In a specific embodiment of the present invention, it is not limited to the structure shown in Figs. 1-3, the load of the present invention can also be a solar photovoltaic panel or other carrier that needs to collect sunlight on the connecting frame 7.

Claims (8)

1. solar automatic tracking device; It is characterized in that; Comprise the osteoarthrosis physical construction (6) that is arranged on the base, the top movable end of said osteoarthrosis physical construction (6) is provided with link (7), and the load that needs to gather sunshine is installed on link (7); All sides of said link (7) are furnished with plurality of vertical and are fixed on the sealing cylinder (4) on the base, and the movable end of said sealing cylinder (4) is connected with the downside of link (7) through articulation mechanism; Be provided with the sunray focus type reflecting curved surface (5) of high reflectance at the rear side of some sealing cylinders (4).

2. solar automatic tracking device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said sealing cylinder (4) is made up of the column cylinder body of a sealing and the axis of the piston that column cylinder body one end is set, the interior gassy of said column cylinder body.

3. solar automatic tracking device according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said sealing cylinder (4) is upside down on the base, and promptly its axis of the piston (4.1) is fixed on the base, and its cylinder body (4.2) is connected through articulation mechanism with the downside of link (7).

4. solar automatic tracking device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said reflecting curved surface (5) is the parabolic post shapes in vertical direction.

5. according to any described solar automatic tracking device of claim 1-4; It is characterized in that; Said articulation mechanism comprises the level that is fixedly installed on respectively on link (7) and the sealing cylinder (4) to power arm, and two levels connect through roller between power arm.

6. solar automatic tracking device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said load is made up of dish-shaped reflection concentration type body (1) and light modulation body (2); Dish reflection concentration type body (1) is fixedly installed on the link (7); Through dowel (3) the light modulation body (2) relative with it is set directly over the dish reflection concentration type body (1), is provided with the optical channel of hollow out in the center of dish-shaped reflection concentration type body (1).

7. solar automatic tracking device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the dish-shaped reflection concentration type body (1) that is oppositely arranged is identical with coincidence of the primary optical axis of light modulation body (2) and focus.

8. solar automatic tracking device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said load is for being arranged on the solar energy photovoltaic panel on the link (7).

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