CN102746900B - Method and device for mobile treatment on plasma dangerous waste - Google Patents
Method and device for mobile treatment on plasma dangerous waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN102746900B CN102746900B CN201210215781.7A CN201210215781A CN102746900B CN 102746900 B CN102746900 B CN 102746900B CN 201210215781 A CN201210215781 A CN 201210215781A CN 102746900 B CN102746900 B CN 102746900B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for mobile treatment on plasma dangerous waste. The method and the device solve the technical problem of treatment on dispersed organic pollutants. The method comprises that dangerous waste in a dangerous waste field is fed into a plasma reactor in a container of a lorry trailer, and then is cracked and gasified into cracked gas and carbon black in microseconds. The device for mobile treatment on plasma dangerous waste comprises a feeding system, the plasma reactor and a flue gas cleaning system arranged in the container of the lorry trailer. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device realize mobile treatment on dangerous waste, have high treatment efficiency and a low cost, realize effective on-site treatment on dispersed, high-toxicity, small-batch and high-concentration liquid organic pollutants and gaseous pollutants, avoid transfer of dangerous waste, improve economical efficiency and safety, and are suitable for emergency treatment on a scene suffering from a dangerous waste environmental accident.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and device of processing hazardous waste, particularly a kind of method and device with plasma treatment hazardous waste.
Background technology
Hazardous waste HW refers to have toxicity, inflammability, explosivity, corrosivity, chemical reactivity and/or infectivity, can form to ecological environment and human health the refuse of serious harm.Hazardous waste all has very large uncertainty from the each link that produces, stores, shifts, processes, disposes on space-time, therefore, must strengthen management from every side, and improve it and process the technical merit of disposing, and eliminates potential environmental disaster.Wherein, organic pollution is particularly serious to the harm of the ecosystem and health, is also more difficult to process.The harm of hazardous waste has chronicity and latency, can continue for a long time.Once the outburst of its harmfulness, not only can make person poultry poisoning, can cause burning and explosion accident, also can be because burning without control, wind is raised, distillation, weathering atmosphere pollution.Can also pass through sleet osmosis pollution soil, underground water, wash away pollution rivers,lakes and seas by rainwash, thereby cause hidden danger and consequence permanent, that be difficult to recovery, the environmental improvement of being polluted and the recovery of ecological disruption not only need the long period, and to expend huge fund, what have even cannot recover, and serious threat is healthy and natural ecological environment to people.
Due to hazardous waste character and hazard profile and general industrial solid wastes and house refuse different in kind, thereby it processes method of disposal than general domestic waste complexity, Some Enterprises is unexpectedly mixed in hazardous waste in house refuse and outwells, the simple landfill of the landfill yard that send suburb, cities and towns having, or be directly stacked in by road, or directly enter stream, this phenomenon ubiquity comparatively in the middle-size and small-size township enterprise in place.Therefore, at present the processing of hazardous waste being disposed, is processing, the disposal facility of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprise oneself construction of better economic benefit mostly.With regard to the whole nation, the attached disposal facility of professional disposal facility and enterprise still cans be counted on one's fingers, and it is lower that major part obtains its intervention level of hazardous waste of disposing, for example there is no the landfill of impervious element and there is no the burning etc. of flue gas processing, be very easy to cause the secondary pollution to environment.
Landfill and burning are two kinds of hazardous waste processing modes that employing is more, and still, these two kinds of processing modes can produce a large amount of secondary pollutions in disposal process, and its harm is huger, is also more difficult to process.Meanwhile, landfill does not carry out disposable harmless treatment to hazardous waste, just hazardous waste is deposited in to landfill yard, has permanent potential safety hazard, once the geomembrane of laying breaks, repairs causing the permanent pollution of soil and groundwater and being difficult to; And incineration disposal facility is because equipment is too large, be difficult to realize mobile.
It is predicted, will reach 5.7 × 10 to China's industrial waste in 2015
7ton.Although wherein some hazardous waste can be utilized, to utilize also unreasonablely, some also can cause secondary pollution, and remaining hazardous waste is directly discharged in natural environment, has great harm.Meanwhile, weak foundation in earlier stage, existing record is few, and disposal task is very arduous.Investigation shows, China's hazardous waste is producing and multiple links of circulation all once produced a large amount of contaminated sites, and these hazardous wastes and contaminated site thereof distribute and disperse, and centrally dispose a disposal, the bottleneck that dangerous product shift again and be transported to transprovincially.In addition, hazardous waste component leaks in air, soil or water body, as cleaning not in time, can work the mischief to health and environment cause that physiology is poisoning, unexpected burst or the non-outburst surroundings accident such as acute poisoning or heavy economic losses, now, emergency processing is carried out at reply scene, thereby reaches rapid control impact development, reduces or eliminates the object of casualties and various economic losses.
How extreme or emergent in the situation that on the spot, zero distance processes quickly and efficiently to the hazardous waste that may cause secondary harm or contaminated environment? how to design, create a kind of hazardous waste processing mode that is more suitable for China's national situation? how, to historical stock, so far residual, even still effectively dispose at the occupation of land hazardous waste in enormous quantities very big, seriously polluted, that hidden danger is infinite that continues to form? these are all urgent problems.Therefore, exploitation is a kind of removable, and method and device with low cost, that can make hazardous waste obtain disposable harmless treatment are necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of portable plasma hazardous waste processing method and device, the technical problem that solve is to process the liquid organic pollution of high concentration, the gaseous contaminant of dispersion, high toxicity, small lot.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions: a kind of portable plasma hazardous waste processing method, comprise the following steps: the Powdered hazardous waste that, the liquid state at hazardous waste scene, the hazardous waste of emulsion state, particle diameter are less than 1mm adds after stirring solvent homogeneous, steam and/or gaseous state class hazardous waste, by the pressure of 2 ~ 15bar, or form twin fluid atomization form with 2 ~ 7bar compressed air and send into the plasma reactor in the container of automobile trailer; Mass concentration is greater than the organic of 500ppm or/and inorganic solid-state hazardous waste, is sent into the plasma reactor in the container of automobile trailer by conveying worm; Two, the gas ions regional temperature of plasma reactor is more than 3000 ℃, and hazardous waste is through the time of Microsecond grade, and organic hazardous waste is cleaved, gasification is cracked gas and carbon black, and inorganic hazardous waste is melted as vitreous substance; Three, cracked gas and the carbon black combustion chamber mean temperature of flue gas purification system in the container of automobile trailer is 1200 ℃, gas residence time is not less than 2s burning, within the 1s time, flue-gas temperature is brought down below 200 ℃ of chillings, depickling from scalable smoke stack emission from average 1200 ℃.
The hazardous waste of liquid state of the present invention, emulsion state, filters after stirring homogeneous, makes solids particle diameter wherein be less than 0.5mm, and quality solid content is less than 40%.
Particle diameter of the present invention is less than the Powdered hazardous waste of 1mm, adds solvent in hazardous waste, stirs homogeneous, is the liquid state that quality solid content is less than 70%.
Particle diameter of the present invention is greater than 30mm, mass concentration is greater than the organic of 500ppm or/and inorganic solid-state hazardous waste, and being crushed to particle diameter is the pending hazardous waste material below 30mm.
A kind of portable plasma hazardous waste treating apparatus, described portable plasma hazardous waste treating apparatus is provided with the feed system, plasma reactor and the flue gas purification system that are linked in sequence, feed system, plasma reactor and flue gas purification system are arranged in the container of automobile trailer, and flue gas purification system is made up of the combustion chamber being linked in sequence, quench tower, extracting tower and air-introduced machine.
Portable trailer power station of the present invention is feed system, plasma reactor and flue gas purification system power supply.
Feed system of the present invention is provided with high pressure screw pump, blower fan and conveying worm.
Furnace roof, the furnace wall of plasma reactor of the present invention are followed successively by from inside to outside: ground floor is 100mm raffinal chromium refractory casting material, the second layer is 300mm high-purity corundum refractory brick, the 3rd layer is 100mm aluminosilicate refractory fiber needle punched blanket, the 4th layer is 100mm aluminosilicate refractory fiber vacuum forming felt, and layer 5 is 50mm box hat; The furnace bottom of described plasma reactor is followed successively by from inside to outside: ground floor is 100mm raffinal chromium refractory casting material, the second layer is 500mm high-purity corundum refractory brick, the 3rd layer is 100mm aluminosilicate refractory fiber needle punched blanket, the 4th layer is 100mm aluminosilicate refractory fiber vacuum forming felt, and layer 5 is 50mm box hat; The top of described box hat is provided with spray gun, be connected with plasma torch at box hat top, the spraying airflow direction of the center line of plasma torch and spray gun ejection is acute angle, and box hat side connects conveying worm, box hat top is connected with gas vent, under box hat, is connected with discharger.
Discharger of the present invention is provided with the plug seat of taper, in plug seat, be provided with the plug of taper, plug connects shaft-like extension bar, extension bar is arranged in the sleeve of tubular, sleeve is coated with heat-preservation cotton) and steel bushing, steel bushing is connected and fixed flange, and mounting flange is through the cover plate of the taper pin connecting plate-shaped of adjustable distance, cover plate connects shaft-like opening support through the shaft seat of ring-type, and extension bar is connected with handle through columned middle holder, adjustment screw rod.
Air-introduced machine outlet of the present invention connects the gas approach of scalable chimney, and scalable chimney adopts hydraulic system to drive the flexible of chimney; Described scalable chimney is provided with the cylindrical shell that coaxial sleeve installs, exceed from inner outside every joint cylindrical shell the cylindrical shell 4cm being adjacent outside, the upper end outer rim of every joint cylindrical shell is connected with clip for one week, on the piston rod of hydraulic system, be connected with steady arm, when piston rod moves up, steady arm supports clip, makes with the cylindrical shell of this clamp connection upwards with stretching out.
The present invention is compared with existing apparatus, adopt mobile plasma hazardous waste treating apparatus, overturn the design of traditional fixed disposal plant, and Operational idea, using plasma technology, carry out disposable harmless treatment hazardous waste, treatment effeciency is high, cost is low, do not produce secondary pollution, can effectively process place disperses, high toxicity, the liquid organic pollution of high concentration of small lot, gaseous contaminant, also can Disposal quality concentration be greater than middle and high concentration organic or/and inorganic solid-state hazardous waste of 500ppm, and realize in situ remediation, avoid the transfer transprovincially of hazardous waste, greatly improve economy, security, while being also applicable to cause danger refuse environmental accident, scene is carried out to the demand of emergency processing, thereby there are mounting or dismounting on the spot, arrive at fast, emergent, exempt to clear, on the spot hazardous waste is carried out the advantage of disposable harmlessness disposing, to reach discharge dangerous situation, eliminate secondary disaster, save energy consumption, emission compliance, efficiently, the object of cheap processing hazardous waste.
The liquid organic pollution of high concentration, the gaseous contaminant that are applicable to process place dispersion, high toxicity, small lot, can meet while causing danger refuse environmental accident, scene carried out to the hazardous waste processing of emergency processing.Can not only disposable harmless treatment gas, liquid and the solid-state hazardous waste of part, avoid dioxin secondary pollution to form, and be specially adapted to process the liquid organic pollution of high concentration, the gaseous contaminant of dispersion, high toxicity, small lot, while being also applicable to cause danger refuse environmental accident, emergency processing is carried out in scene.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of the plasma reactor of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of the discharger of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the scalable chimney structure schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is that the scalable chimney of apparatus of the present invention stretches out schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, portable plasma hazardous waste processing method of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
One, charging, for the hazardous waste of on-the-spot different shape, is divided into following several feeding manner:
1, the hazardous waste of liquid towards and/or emulsion state, by being filtered after prior art stirring homogeneous, makes solids particle diameter wherein be less than 0.5mm, and quality solid content is less than 40%, then sends into plasma reactor processing by high pressure screw pump.
2, particle diameter is less than the Powdered hazardous waste of 1mm, according to the principle of material similar compatibility principle, in hazardous waste, add good, the cheap solvent of solubility property adapting, stir after homogeneous, be the liquid state that quality solid content is less than 70%, then send into plasma reactor processing by high pressure screw pump.As: the Powdered high concentration persistence organic pollutant of BHC POPs stirs after homogeneous dissolving with kerosene, and high pressure screw pump is sent into plasma reactor processing.
3,, to steam and/or gaseous state class hazardous waste, directly charging, is evacuated to the gas feed hole of plasma reactor by blower fan.
4, to particle diameter be greater than 30mm, mass concentration be greater than 500ppm middle and high concentration organic or/and inorganic solid-state hazardous waste comprise incineration of refuse flyash, electroplating wastewater mud, chemical plant dewatered sludge, metalliferous mineral exploitation mine tailing, smelt the waste residue producing, the solid-state hazardous waste of poisonous and harmful substance contaminated soil.Being crushed to particle diameter by prior art breaking method is the pending hazardous waste material below 30mm, the broken disintegrating apparatus that adopts prior art, and process in the molten bath of then being sent in plasma reactor by conveying worm.
Two, plasma reactor processing
In plasma reactor, adopt the MGC-200 type (AC380V of Shenzhen City Maikerui Environmental Science & Tech Co Ltd, real output 80～160KW is adjustable) plasma arc that produces of plasma torch processes hazardous waste (the design parameter scope of the present embodiment is all take the parameter of MGC-200 type plasma torch as according to being equipped with or choosing).Plasma torch be arranged on molten bath in plasma reactor directly over, can produce a branch of causus plasma arc.The plasma region that hazardous waste enters plasma torch heating by feed system is or/and the molten bath of below, cleaved, gasification is the flammable innocuous substance of corresponding little molecule, or/and be melted as Leaching is much smaller than the vitreous substance of " GB5085.3-2007 hazardous waste judging standard leaching characteristic identification ", in leachate, endanger in the leachate of constituent concentration average out to GB5085.3-2007 standard regulation and endanger 1% of constituent concentration limit value.Wherein:
1, liquid towards, emulsion state, steam, gaseous state or add the organic hazardous waste of solvent in granularity is less than 1mm Powdered, be not more than 60L/h by flow, produce the pressure (1bar=100 of 2 ~ 15bar by high-pressure pump, 000Pa=10 newton/square centimeter), or form twin fluid atomization form with 2 ~ 7bar compressed air, process in the plasma region that is sprayed into the upper area in molten bath in the plasma reactor that volume is H500mm × Φ 500mm by spray gun, plasma torch voltage AC380V, real output 80～160KW, plasma region temperature is more than 3000 ℃, central temperature is 10000K to 20000K, through the time of Microsecond grade, there is cracking reaction in plasma region in organic hazardous waste, produce little molecule combustible.Meanwhile, different from burning, plasma treatment does not rely on the existence of free radical, and the high temperature moment of the γ-ray emission of high degree of electrical ionization can be cracked into rapidly nontoxic small-molecule substance by organic hazardous waste.Introduce the plasma torch in plasma region and brought part air into, the reacted product of organic hazardous waste is mainly cracked gas and quality is not more than a small amount of carbon black of 2%, and cracked gas is little molecule combustible H
2, CO, alkane, alkene and other organic matters.
2, to the following particle diameter of 30mm, mass concentration is greater than middle and high concentration organic or/and inorganic solid-state hazardous waste of 500ppm, be not more than 2t/d(8h × 3 by mass flow), transmit by airtight solid waste feed system sealing the molten bath that enters plasma torch heating in plasma reactor, plasma torch voltage AC380V, real output 80～160KW, plasma region temperature is more than 3000 ℃, central temperature is 10000K to 20000K, through the time of Microsecond grade, without burning in the situation that, the solid-state hazardous waste of thermal cracking poisonous and harmful, wherein: organically hazardous waste is cleaved, gasification is cracked gas and a small amount of carbon black, after existing flue gas purification system is processed, qualified discharge, inorganic solid-state hazardous waste is melted as vitreous substance, its Leaching is much smaller than the vitreous substance of " GB5085.3-2007 hazardous waste judging standard leaching characteristic identification ", in leachate, endanger in the leachate that constituent concentration is on average about GB5085.3-2007 standard regulation and endanger 1% of constituent concentration limit value, can serve as pave the way raw material, cement aggregate etc., as construction material.Both solve hazardous waste, stopped again the generation of polluting.
Three, gas cleaning processing
The cracked gas producing after plasma treatment, after flue gas purification system is processed, is evacuated to smoke stack emission by air-introduced machine.Flue gas purification system is treated to burning, chilling, depickling.
Burning process parameter is: mean temperature is 1200 ℃, and gas residence time is not less than 2s(and is greater than 2s).
Emergency cooling process parameter is: within the 1s time, flue-gas temperature is brought down below to 200 ℃ from average 1200 ℃, by the fog cooling tower cooler of prior art, void tower flow velocity is 2m/s.
Depickling adopts the packed tower of prior art, guarantees that sour gas concentration of emission meets the requirement of " GB18484-2001 dangerous waste incineration pollutes control criterion ".
Portable plasma hazardous waste treating apparatus of the present invention, be provided with the feed system, plasma reactor and the flue gas purification system that are linked in sequence, feed system, plasma reactor and flue gas purification system are arranged in the container of automobile trailer, and portable trailer power station is feed system, plasma reactor and flue gas purification system power supply.Flue gas purification system is made up of the combustion chamber being linked in sequence, quench tower, extracting tower and air-introduced machine.Portable plasma hazardous waste treating apparatus of the present invention has Work tool for subsequent use.
Feed system is provided with high pressure screw pump, blower fan and conveying worm.Feed system, by hazardous waste liquid, emulsion state, is sent into plasma reactor processing by high pressure screw pump.Particle diameter is less than the Powdered hazardous waste of 1mm, sends into plasma reactor processing by high pressure screw pump.
Steam, gaseous state class hazardous waste, be evacuated to the gas feed hole of plasma reactor by blower fan.Mass concentration is greater than middle and high concentration organic of 500ppm or/and inorganic solid-state hazardous waste, and process in the molten bath of being sent in plasma reactor by conveying worm after fragmentation.
The combustion chamber of flue gas purification system is vertical cylinder shape, adopts firebrick structure, and inside is high-alumina brick flame retardant coating, makes heat-insulation layer with perlite and alumina silicate fiber felt, and outside is heat-resisting steel sheet and plate, enters mouth and is arranged on lower end, and outlet flue is arranged on upper end.Fully burning for fuel gas and the carbon black of plasma reactor outlet in combustion chamber, avoids the quench tower of rear end, the danger that extracting tower is blasted, simultaneously by a small amount of raw material of escaping and the intermediate product not decomposing completely thoroughly burn, generate CO
2and H
2o.
Be connected with two burners in lower end, combustion chamber, burner adopts single hop fire bumer of light fuel.For guaranteeing the stable of burning indoor temperature, while needs, spray into diesel oil combustion-supporting, can effectively improve and the temperature of smooth combustion chamber, and guarantee that the stable in properties of air-flow is even.
Quench tower adopts spray filled cooling tower, and tower body total height is no more than the highest permission height in compartment.
Extracting tower adopts filler extracting tower, and tower body total height is no more than the highest permission height in compartment, in the time of insufficient height, packed tower segmentation can be connected in series.
Air-introduced machine adopts centrifugal blower, and as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, air-introduced machine outlet connects the gas approach 31 of scalable chimney, and scalable chimney adopts hydraulic system 36 to drive the flexible of chimney.Scalable chimney is provided with nine joint cylindrical shells, save cylindrical shell coaxial sleeve at contraction state nine and install, exceed from inner outside every joint cylindrical shell the cylindrical shell 4cm being adjacent outside, except outermost layer cylindrical shell, the upper end outer rim of every joint cylindrical shell is connected with clip 35 for one week, and clip 35 is that the ring of two semicircles forms.On the piston rod 33 of hydraulic system 36, be connected with steady arm 39, when piston rod 33 moves up, steady arm 39 supports clip 35, makes the cylindrical shell being connected with this clip 35 upwards with stretching out.Gas approach 31 is arranged on cylindrical shell bottom.
The inside one joint cylindrical shell lower end outer rim is connected with latch closure 38 for one week, outermost one saves cylindrical shell upper end inner edge and within one week, is connected with latch closure 38, other every joints (seven joints) cylindrical shell upper end inner edge, lower end outer rim are connected with latch closure 38 for one week, latch closure 38 cross sections are outside L shaped, on L shaped bottom surface, embed that to have sealing ring, the cross section, cylindrical shell top being connected with latch closure 38 be oppositely inside L shaped.
Except the cylindrical shell at the end, respectively save the screw that is drilled with 8 M10 on the latch closure 38 of cylindrical shell lower end, while extending upwardly for cylindrical shell, screw in successively screw 37, be fixedly connected with lower shell, while shrinking cylindrical shell, unclamp successively screw 37, the upper shell contraction that can decline.
On the cylindrical shell on top, be provided with the rainhat 34 of circular arc or taper.
While stretching out chimney, the cylindrical shell that coaxial sleeve installs is from inner outwards past rising successively, steady arm 39 on the piston rod 33 on hydraulic system 36 oil cylinder 32 tops supports the clip 35 on innermost cylindrical shell, drive the cylindrical shell being connected with this clip 35 to rise, when the latch closure 38 of this cylinder body bottom with below when a joint cylindrical shell upper end close contact, screw 37 is aimed to position, screw hole, this two joints cylindrical shell is fixed.Then piston rod 33 declines, steady arm 39 on piston rod 33 support again with the cylindrical shell of the inside one joint cylindrical shell next-door neighbour's outside on clip 35, drive the cylindrical shell being connected with this clip 35 to rise, now, innermost cylindrical shell is also up being stretched accordingly, when the latch closure 38 of this cylinder body bottom with below when a joint cylindrical shell upper end close contact, screw 37 is aimed to position, screw hole, this two joints cylindrical shell is fixed.The rest may be inferred, until all cylindrical shells stretch out completely.While shrinking chimney, the cylindrical shell saving from the end one above cylindrical shell starts to pushing up most a joint successively toward declining, steady arm 39 on the piston rod 33 on hydraulic system 36 oil cylinder 32 tops supports the end one and saves the clip 35 on the cylindrical shell above cylindrical shell, unload the end one and save the screw 37 of cylindrical shell upper end, piston rod 33 drives steady arm 39 to move down, steady arm 39 supports the cylindrical shell and the above all cylindrical shells (all cylindrical shells above cylindrical shell are saved at the end one) that save above cylindrical shell at the end one and moves down, save cylindrical shell above cylindrical shell is contracted to the end one and saves in cylindrical shell to the end one, shrink again the cylindrical shell above that saves the cylindrical shell next-door neighbour above cylindrical shell with the end one, steady arm on the piston rod 33 on hydraulic system 36 oil cylinder 32 tops 39 supports with the end one and saves the clip 35 on the cylindrical shell above of the cylindrical shell next-door neighbour above cylindrical shell, unload the end one and save the screw 37 of the cylindrical shell upper end above cylindrical shell, piston rod 33 drives steady arm 39 to move down, steady arm 39 supports and saves the cylindrical shell above of the cylindrical shell next-door neighbour above cylindrical shell and above all cylindrical shells (the end one save all cylindrical shells above the cylindrical shell above cylindrical shell) with the end one and move down, being contracted to the end one to the cylindrical shell above that saves the cylindrical shell next-door neighbour above cylindrical shell with the end one saves in the cylindrical shell above cylindrical shell, the rest may be inferred, until cylindrical shell is all retracted.
Scalable chimney also can not adopt hydraulic system 36 to drive the flexible of chimney, stretches out to install with contraction fix with lifting machine.
Online flue gas analysis system CEMS is installed on chimney, the installation site of CEMS is determined and is arranged according to the requirement of " the continuous Specifications of Monitoring Technology of fixed pollution source smoke discharge " (HJ ∕ T 75-2007), on the display screen of real-time data transmission to compartment, be convenient to monitor the emissions data of pollutant.Main monitoring target is: CO, CO
2, HCl, SOx, containing O
2amount, dust concentration index.
There is no the problem of power supply facility in order to solve remote mountain areas, portable plasma hazardous waste treating apparatus of the present invention is equipped with portable trailer power station.Portable trailer power station adopts the semi-trailer trailer power station of the portable trailer power station of four-wheel, and THY-220GF or the THY-250GF type diesel generating set of Yuchai group is installed, and take diesel oil as fuel, drives the dynamic power machine of generator generating take diesel engine as prime mover.Owing to being arranged on small-sized towed vehicle, mobility is strong, and its volume is little, flexible, light, comprehensive in addition, and the advantages such as convenient operation and maintenance can guarantee the need for electricity in building site, field completely.
As shown in Figure 2, portable plasma hazardous waste treating apparatus of the present invention, is loaded in the container counter car of a standard.The specification of container car strictly observes the administrative provisions of " overload transport vehicle travel highway administration regulation " (The Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China, MOC issues on February 13rd, 2000), " vehicle overload overload identification standard " (to December 31, national traffic, public security will be carried out unified vehicle overload overload identification standard from September 1st, 2004).
As shown in Figure 3, plasma reactor, inside is cylinder-like structure.
In plasma reactor cavity, conversion zone is of a size of H500mm × Φ 500mm.
Furnace roof, furnace wall are followed successively by from inside to outside: ground floor is 100mm raffinal chromium refractory casting material 7, the second layer is 300mm high-purity corundum refractory brick 6, can under reduction, oxygen deprivation and oxidizing atmosphere, use, the 3rd layer is 100mm aluminosilicate refractory fiber needle punched blanket 5, the 4th layer is 100mm aluminosilicate refractory fiber vacuum forming felt 4, and layer 5 is 50mm box hat 3.
Furnace bottom is also divided into five layers, be followed successively by from inside to outside: ground floor is 100mm raffinal chromium refractory casting material 7, the second layer is 500mm high-purity corundum refractory brick 6, the 3rd layer is 100mm aluminosilicate refractory fiber needle punched blanket 5, the 4th layer is 100mm aluminosilicate refractory fiber vacuum forming felt 4, and layer 5 is 50mm box hat 3.
Described plasma reactor, need to guarantee that box hat 3 outside wall temperatures are not higher than 50 ℃, otherwise need to increase the thickness of the 3rd layer of aluminosilicate refractory fiber needle punched blanket 5, to guarantee to reach " Code for design of heat insulation engineering of industrial equipment and pipe lines " standard (GB50264-97).
The top of box hat 3 is provided with the spray gun 9 for spraying, be connected with plasma torch 1 at box hat 3 tops, the spraying airflow direction that the center line of plasma torch 1 and spray gun 9 spray is acute angle, box hat 3 sides connect conveying worm, box hat 3 tops are connected with gas vent 11, and box hat is connected with discharger 10 3 times.On box hat 3, be connected with the flame detector 2 for the response situation in monitoring of plasma reactor.
Solid waste feed system 8 adopts conveying worm, be provided with spiral pushing bar 16(and be called for short screw rod), screw rod 16 arranges the bottom of solid waste charging aperture 15, its axis is vertical with the axis of plasma torch 1, be arranged on drive unit 14 connecting screw rod 16 one end outside box hat 3, the cycloidal planetary gear speed reducer that drive unit 14 connects for motor.
The pending material of the following particle diameter of 30mm is sent into by solid waste charging aperture 15, and under drive unit 14 drives, screw rod 16 drives material low speed steadily in plasma reactor, to move.Screw rod 16 adopts shaftless spiral, has with material contact-making surface littlely, and frictional force is low, without the advantage of stopping up wrapping phenomena.
As shown in Figure 4, discharger 10 is provided with the corundum plug seat 17 of taper, in corundum plug seat 17, be provided with the corundum plug 18 of taper, corundum plug 18 connects shaft-like corundum extension bar 19, extension bar 19 is arranged in the corundum sleeve 20 of tubular, corundum sleeve 20 is coated with heat-preservation cotton 21 and steel bushing 22, steel bushing 22 is connected and fixed flange 23, mounting flange 23 is through the cover plate 25 of taper pin 24 connecting plate-shapeds of adjustable distance, cover plate 25 connects shaft-like opening support 27 through the shaft seat 26 of ring-type, extension bar 19 is through columned middle holder 28, adjusting screw rod 29 is connected with handle 30.When blowing, first unclamp taper pin 24, pull handle 30, unclamp and adjust screw rod 29, support 27 axle bed 26 that rotates is rotated, corundum extension bar 19 is pulled out and gets final product blowing, blowing is complete, corundum extension bar 19 is retracted into corundum plug 18 and seals with corundum seat 17, adjust handle 30, taper pin 24 is locked on mounting flange 23 and can completes blowing process.
Model, the quantity of plasma torch 1 arrange according to the type of discarded object, treating capacity, process the solid-state hazardous waste configuration of liquid hazardous waste or the 2t/d of 60L/h by the MGC-200 type plasma torch of every Shenzhen City Maikerui Environmental Science & Tech Co Ltd.
Liquid state, emulsion state, steam, gaseous state or granularity are less than the Powdered organic hazardous waste of 1mm and send into through high pressure screw pump and blower fan, spray in the plasma reactor of raffinal chromium refractory casting material 7 and high-purity corundum refractory brick 6 by spray gun 9 again, near the concurrent biochemical reaction of the interior rapid gasification in the plasma high-temperature region 12 plasma torch 1 torch heart more than 3000 ℃, cooling air with plasma torch 1 is brought partial oxidation into, by controlling the oxygen content in plasma reactor, make most C generate CO, primary product is CO, H
2, alkane, alkene etc.Enter combustion chamber by cracked gas outlet 11 again.
Middle and high concentration is organic or/and inorganic solid-state hazardous waste enters by airtight solid waste feed system 8 transmission the molten bath 13 that in plasma reactor, plasma torch 1 heats on a small quantity, can be without burning in the situation that, the solid-state hazardous waste of thermal cracking poisonous and harmful, wherein: organic hazardous waste is cleaved, gasification is the flammable innocuous substance of corresponding little molecule, after the flue gas purification system of prior art is processed, qualified discharge; Inorganic solid-state hazardous waste is melted as vitreous substance, discharged by discharger 10 again, vitreous substance Leaching, much smaller than " hazardous waste judging standard leaching characteristic identification " standard (GB5085.3-2007), can serve as pave the way raw material, cement aggregate etc., is ready-made construction material.Both solve hazardous waste, stopped again the generation of polluting.
Embodiment 1, high pressure screw pump adopts the single-screw (single screw) pump of LG40-2, and blower fan adopts the unistage type 2.2KW high pressure positive blower of Dongguan City Feng Chi mechanical & electronic equipment corporation, Ltd, and conveying worm adopts the conveying worm of WLS-260.Treating capacity 1t/d, the liquid PCBs insulating oil of concentration 86.78%, treating capacity 1t/d, containing the contaminated soil of 8.11%PCBs.
PCBs insulating oil is 7bar by moulding pressure, and the single-screw (single screw) pump that model is LG40-2 is sent into plasma reactor, and feed rate is 2l/min; The conveying worm that is WLS-260 by model containing the contaminated soil of 8.11%PCBs is sent into plasma reactor, rotating speed 20r/min.
Plasma reactor external dimensions is H2000mm × Φ 1800mm, in cavity, conversion zone is of a size of H500mm × Φ 500mm, be provided with the MGC-200 type plasma torch of 1 cover Shenzhen City Maikerui Environmental Science & Tech Co Ltd, voltage AC380V, real output 80～160KW.Plasma reactor is provided with flame monitor, and flame monitor adopts the LY2000 type flame monitor of Yantai Hairong Electric Power Technology Co., Ltd.
The height of combustion chamber and internal diameter are H2000mm × Φ 900mm, for vertical cylinder shape, adopt firebrick structure, inside is high-alumina brick flame retardant coating, make heat-insulation layer with perlite and alumina silicate fiber felt, outside is heat-resisting steel sheet and plate, and inner mean temperature is 1200 ℃ of left and right, and gas residence time is not less than 2s.Be connected with two burners in lower end, combustion chamber, burner adopts the BTL 14 type burners of Shanghai Xia Ran mechanical & electronic equipment corporation, Ltd.Combustion chamber is provided with thermocouple, and thermocouple adopts S calibration platinum Pt Rh assembly type.
The height of quench tower and internal diameter are H2290mm × Φ 800mm, inside attach most importance to refractory casting material (mullite) and light weight castable refractory (mullite), take ceramic beaverboard as insulation material, outside is heat-resisting steel sheet and plate, within the 1s time, flue-gas temperature is brought down below to 200 ℃, water loss 0.34m from average 1200 ℃
3/ h, compressed air consumption≤1.5Nm
3/ h.
Extracting tower is two sections of tandems, before be spray column, spray column height and internal diameter are H2300mm × Φ 500mm, circulation spouting liquid is 8t/h; Be packed tower below, packed tower height and internal diameter are H2300mm × Φ 500mm, and filler adopts polypropylene Pall ring filler, packed height 800mm, and spouting liquid is 4t/h.
Air-introduced machine adopts the TF-241B type blower fan of Taiwan Ding Yu Science and Technology Co., Ltd..
Wherein, raffinal chromium refractory casting material 7 adopts the KT-19H type castable refractory of Kaifeng TeNai Co., Ltd, contained Al
2o
3>=95%, 1900 ℃ of maximum operation (service) temperatures; High-purity corundum refractory brick 6 adopts the WA99 type refractory brick of Kaifeng TeNai Co., Ltd, contained Al
2o
3>=99%, 1850 ℃ of maximum operation (service) temperatures; Aluminosilicate refractory fiber needle punched blanket 5 adopt the long-range Refractory Co., ltd in Deqing containing zirconium-type aluminum silicate fire-resistant fiber knit blanket, contained (Al
2o
3+ SiO
2+ ZrO)>=99%, ZrO
2be 15% ~ 17%, 1350 ℃ of operating temperatures; Aluminosilicate refractory fiber vacuum forming felt 4 adopts the high alumina type aluminosilicate refractory fiber vacuum forming felt of the long-range Refractory Co., ltd in Deqing, contained Al
2o
3be 52% ~ 55%, (Al
2o
3+ SiO
2)>=99%, 1200 ℃ of operating temperatures; Box hat 3 adopts the 316L type stainless steel of Henan Wan Xing stainless steel Co., Ltd.
Trailer adopts the 9400TJZG type trailer of Liangshan, Shandong Sheng Yu automobile making Co., Ltd; Container adopts 40' container; Portable trailer power station adopts the portable trailer power station of the four-wheel of Jiangsu Jiang Hao generating set Co., Ltd.
The flue gas that plasma reactor produces, after processing by combustion chamber, quench tower, extracting tower, is evacuated to smoke stack emission by air-introduced machine.And, (GB18484-2001) (GB5085.3-2007) detecting with " hazardous waste judging standard leaching characteristic identification " by " dangerous waste incineration pollution control criterion ", every pollutant levels meet emission request.After testing, smoke emissioning concentration after treatment is (mg/m
3): SO
2: 0, HCl:13.64, CO:22.5, always plumbous: 0.029, total nickel: 0.056, total cadmium: 0, flue dust: 12.1, NOx:289; In the leachate of vitreous substance, endanger constituent concentration for (mg/L): fluoride: 2.87, cadmium: 0.005, lead: 0.1, silver: 0.01, chromium: 0.018, cyanide: 0.003, copper: 0.04, Cr VI: 0.004, nickel: 0.04, arsenic: 0.0036, selenium: 0.004.
Portable plasma hazardous waste treating apparatus of the present invention both safety, disposable harmless treatment efficiently hazardous waste, also avoided the transfer transprovincially of hazardous waste simultaneously, locally just can dispose, greatly improved economy, security; Meanwhile, in the time of the burst meeting accident or non-burst hazardous waste environmental accident, can distribute portable plasma hazardous waste treating apparatus and rush for fast scene, emergency processing is carried out in scene.Thereby, meet following basic function and requirement: under extreme conditions or under emergency condition, transport fixed point or rapidly and efficiently zero distance pollutant or pollution sources are carried out to disposable harmless treatment on the spot in way advancing in vehicle-mounted mode; Generally, with initiatively, mobile mode exempts and clears and hazardous waste is carried out in time to processing on the spot.
Using plasma method can safety, disposable harmless treatment hazardous waste efficiently, without any problem of secondary pollution.Simultaneously, relatively large-scale, the fixed hazardous waste treating apparatus of portable plasma hazardous waste treating apparatus has miniaturization, feature movably, thereby can realize on the spot the object of installing and removing, arrive at fast, meet an urgent need, exempt to clear, on the spot hazardous waste being carried out disposable harmlessness disposing.
Portable plasma hazardous waste treating apparatus of the present invention has structurally embodied compact, small and exquisite design, make every effort to save space in the situation that meeting performance requirement as far as possible, so that it is compacter, efficient, meet the service requirement of vehicle-mounted removable disposal plant.Guarantee to discharge after flue gas after purifying reaches the standard of " GB18484-2001 dangerous waste incineration pollute control criterion ".
Claims (1)
1. a portable plasma hazardous waste treating apparatus, be provided with the feed system, plasma reactor and the flue gas purification system that are linked in sequence, it is characterized in that: described feed system, plasma reactor and flue gas purification system are arranged in the container of automobile trailer, and flue gas purification system is made up of the combustion chamber being linked in sequence, quench tower, extracting tower and air-introduced machine;
Portable trailer power station is feed system, plasma reactor and flue gas purification system power supply;
Described feed system is provided with high pressure screw pump, blower fan and conveying worm;
Furnace roof, the furnace wall of described plasma reactor are followed successively by from inside to outside: ground floor is 100mm raffinal chromium refractory casting material (7), the second layer is 300mm high-purity corundum refractory brick (6), the 3rd layer is 100mm aluminosilicate refractory fiber needle punched blanket (5), the 4th layer is 100mm aluminosilicate refractory fiber vacuum forming felt (4), and layer 5 is 50mm box hat (3); The furnace bottom of described plasma reactor is followed successively by from inside to outside: ground floor is 100mm raffinal chromium refractory casting material (7), the second layer is 500mm high-purity corundum refractory brick (6), the 3rd layer is 100mm aluminosilicate refractory fiber needle punched blanket (5), the 4th layer is 100mm aluminosilicate refractory fiber vacuum forming felt (4), and layer 5 is 50mm box hat (3); The top of described box hat (3) is provided with spray gun (9), be connected with plasma torch (1) at box hat (3) top, the spraying airflow direction of the center line of plasma torch (1) and spray gun (9) ejection is acute angle, box hat (3) side connects conveying worm, box hat (3) top is connected with gas vent (11), is connected with discharger (10) under box hat (3);
Described discharger (10) is provided with the plug seat (17) of taper, in plug seat (17), be provided with the plug (18) of taper, plug (18) connects shaft-like extension bar (19), extension bar (19) is arranged in the sleeve (20) of tubular, sleeve (20) is coated with heat-preservation cotton (21) and steel bushing (22), steel bushing (22) is connected and fixed flange (23), mounting flange (23) is through the cover plate (25) of taper pin (24) connecting plate-shaped of adjustable distance, cover plate (25) connects shaft-like opening support (27) through the shaft seat (26) of ring-type, extension bar (19) is through columned middle holder (28), adjusting screw rod (29) is connected with handle (30).
Described air-introduced machine outlet connects the gas approach (31) of scalable chimney, and scalable chimney adopts hydraulic system (36) to drive the flexible of chimney; Described scalable chimney is provided with the cylindrical shell that coaxial sleeve installs, exceed from inner outside every joint cylindrical shell the cylindrical shell 4cm being adjacent outside, the upper end outer rim of every joint cylindrical shell is connected with clip (35) for one week, on the piston rod (33) of hydraulic system (36), be connected with steady arm (39), when piston rod (33) moves up, steady arm (39) supports clip (35), and the cylindrical shell being connected with this clip (35) is protruded upward.
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