CN102733376A - Composite pile and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Composite pile and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种复合桩及其施工方法。The invention relates to a composite pile and a construction method thereof.
背景技术 Background technique
现有的沉管灌注桩、夯扩桩、预制桩的施工工艺一般碰到硬土区难以施工、难以穿越，一般采用取土引孔，损失部分承载力，往往吃力不讨好；一般碰到软土地区拼命加大加长桩获得承载力，往往费钱不讨好。The existing construction techniques of immersed tube grouting piles, rammed piles, and prefabricated piles are generally difficult to construct and cross when encountering hard soil areas. Generally, soil borrowing holes are used, which lose part of the bearing capacity, and are often thankless; generally encounter soft soil areas. Land areas try their best to increase the lengthening piles to obtain bearing capacity, which is often costly and not thankful.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种施工环保性好、性价比好，质量可靠的复合桩及其施工方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a composite pile with good construction environmental protection, good cost performance and reliable quality and its construction method.
本发明的技术解决方案是：Technical solution of the present invention is:
一种复合桩，其特征是：包括作为外围桩的第一桩和作为芯桩的第二桩，其特征是：第一桩为现浇桩，第二桩为现浇桩或预制桩，第一桩截面积为S1、总桩长为L1，第二桩截面积为S2、总桩长为L2，第一桩与第二桩的中心距d=0，第二桩与第一桩的面积比S比=S2/S1，第二桩与第一桩的长度比L比=L2／L1，其中S比∈（0,1），L比>0.5；当S比∈（0,0.25）时，第二桩作为第一桩的加劲体；当S比∈（0.25,0.75）时，第一桩与第二桩相互作用形成复合桩；当S比∈（0.75,1）时，第一桩作为第二桩的薄壁环形桩；第二桩与第一桩之间的复合工作系数（摩擦力提高系数）f1-2∈（1.5,3.0）。A composite pile, characterized in that it includes a first pile as a peripheral pile and a second pile as a core pile, characterized in that: the first pile is a cast-in-place pile, the second pile is a cast-in-place pile or a prefabricated pile, and the second pile is a cast-in-place pile. The cross-sectional area of one pile is S1, the total pile length is L1, the cross-sectional area of the second pile is S2, the total pile length is L2, the center distance between the first pile and the second pile is d=0, the area of the second pile and the first pile is Ratio S ratio = S2/S1, the length ratio of the second pile to the first pile L ratio = L2/L1, where S ratio ∈ (0,1), L ratio >0.5; when S ratio ∈ (0,0.25) , the second pile acts as the stiffener of the first pile; when the S ratio ∈ (0.25,0.75), the first pile interacts with the second pile to form a composite pile; when the S ratio ∈ (0.75,1), the first pile Thin-walled annular pile as the second pile; composite work coefficient (friction force enhancement coefficient) f 1-2 ∈ (1.5,3.0) between the second pile and the first pile.
第一桩为现浇桩，桩身具有沿桩身扩颈、扩径、扩底、全螺纹、全直线、间互螺纹、直线中的一种或多种形式；所述现浇桩为实心桩或空心桩，其中空心桩为底部封底的笔筒型筒桩或底部不封底的空心型筒桩。The first pile is a cast-in-place pile, and the pile body has one or more forms of neck expansion, diameter expansion, bottom expansion, full thread, full straight line, inter-thread, and straight line along the pile body; the cast-in-place pile is solid piles or hollow piles, wherein the hollow piles are pen barrel-shaped piles with a closed bottom or hollow piles with an unsealed bottom.
第二桩为现浇桩或预制桩；所述现浇桩具有沿桩身扩颈、扩径、扩底、全螺纹、全直线、间互螺纹、直线中的一种或多种形式；所述预制桩为实心桩或空心桩，其中空心桩内腔为全段或分段灌注钢筋混凝土的形式。The second pile is a cast-in-place pile or a prefabricated pile; the cast-in-place pile has one or more forms of neck expansion, diameter expansion, bottom expansion, full thread, full straight line, inter-thread, and straight line along the pile body; The above-mentioned prefabricated piles are solid piles or hollow piles, wherein the inner cavity of the hollow pile is in the form of pouring reinforced concrete in whole sections or sections.
一种复合桩的施工方法，其特征是：包括下列步骤：A kind of construction method of composite pile is characterized in that: comprises the following steps:
（一）施工第一桩：包括下列方法之一：(1) Construction of the first pile: including one of the following methods:
方法A：Method A:
（1）移机就位：移动设备，将外管就位于设定桩位上；(1) Move the machine into place: move the equipment, and place the outer tube on the set pile position;
（2）沉管：将外管下沉至设定的深度；(2) Immersed tube: sink the outer tube to the set depth;
（3）浇筑成型：上提内夯系统，浇筑桩身；(3) Pouring forming: lift up the internal ramming system, and pour the pile body;
（4）拔管成型：拔出外管，桩成型；(4) Extrusion forming: the outer tube is pulled out, and the pile is formed;
方法B：Method B:
（1）移机就位：移动设备，将钻杆就位于设定桩位上；(1) Move the machine into place: move the equipment and place the drill pipe on the set pile position;
（2）旋压下沉：将钻杆旋压下沉至设定的深度；(2) Spinning sinking: Spinning and sinking the drill pipe to the set depth;
（3）旋拉上提：(3) Rotate and pull up:
将钻杆旋拉，同时将固化剂压灌至桩孔内，旋拉上提至设定高度，完成实心桩；Rotate the drill pipe, pour the curing agent into the pile hole at the same time, and lift it up to the set height to complete the solid pile;
或：将钻杆旋拉，同时将固化剂注入土体，旋拉上提至设定高度，并重复旋压下沉和钻杆旋拉步骤，将固化剂与土体强制机械切削和搅拌旋压，完成实心桩；Or: spin the drill pipe, inject the curing agent into the soil at the same time, lift it up to the set height, repeat the steps of spinning sinking and spinning the drill pipe, and force the curing agent and the soil to mechanically cut and stir. Press to complete the solid pile;
（4）当第一桩设定为空心桩时，则在步骤（3）完成实心桩施工后1~10小时时，进行下列方法之一的施工：(4) When the first pile is set as a hollow pile, one of the following construction methods shall be carried out 1 to 10 hours after the completion of the solid pile construction in step (3):
（a）移机就位，螺旋钻杆同心旋压下沉至设定深度，旋拉上提，形成空心桩，且本次螺旋钻孔的成孔直径小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉形成的桩孔直径；本次螺旋钻孔的成孔深度小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉形成的桩孔深度，形成底部封底的笔筒型筒桩；或本次螺旋钻孔的成孔深度不小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉形成的桩孔深度，形成底部不封底的空心型筒桩；(a) Move the machine into place, sink the auger pipe to the set depth by concentric spinning, and lift it up to form a hollow pile, and the diameter of the hole formed by the auger drilling this time is smaller than that in step (2) under the spinning of the drill pipe The diameter of the pile hole formed by sinking; the depth of the hole formed by the auger drilling this time is less than the depth of the pile hole formed by the spinning and sinking of the drill pipe in step (2), forming a pen holder-shaped pile with a bottom seal; or the depth of the hole formed by the auger drilling this time The depth of the hole is not less than the depth of the pile hole formed by the spinning and sinking of the drill pipe in step (2), forming a hollow tubular pile with an unsealed bottom;
（b）移机就位，自落锤同心提起做自由落体运动，内夯冲剪桩体，形成剪切口，自落锤反复做上下运动，形成空心桩；本次自落锤内夯桩体成孔直径小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉形成的桩孔直径，本次自落锤内夯桩体成孔深度小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉的桩孔深度，形成底部封底的笔筒型筒桩；或自落锤内夯桩体成孔深度不小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉形成的桩孔深度，形成底部不封底的空心型筒桩；(b) Move the machine into place, lift the falling hammer concentrically to do free fall, ram the punching and shearing pile body internally to form a shear opening, and repeatedly move up and down from the falling hammer to form a hollow pile; The diameter of the hole formed by the body is smaller than the diameter of the pile hole formed by the spinning and sinking of the drill pipe in step (2). Pen barrel-shaped barrel piles with the bottom sealed; or the depth of the hole formed by the internal tamping pile body of the falling hammer is not less than the depth of the pile hole formed by the spinning and sinking of the drill pipe in step (2), forming a hollow barrel pile with the bottom not sealed;
（c）移机就位，采用静压、反压、锤击振动或其他外力同心沉管沉桩至设定深度，拔管拔桩至设定高度，形成空心桩，且本次沉管沉桩的成孔直径小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉形成的桩孔直径；本次沉管沉桩的成孔深度小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉形成的桩孔深度，形成底部封底的笔筒型筒桩；或本次沉管沉桩的成孔深度不小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉形成的桩孔深度，形成底部不封底的空心型筒桩；(c) Move the machine into place, use static pressure, back pressure, hammer vibration or other external forces to sink the pile concentrically to the set depth, pull out the pipe and pull the pile to the set height to form a hollow pile, and this sinking tube sinking The hole diameter of the pile is smaller than the diameter of the pile hole formed by the spinning and sinking of the drill pipe in step (2); A pen-tube pile with a bottom seal; or the depth of the hole formed by sinking the pile this time is not less than the depth of the pile hole formed by the spinning and sinking of the drill pipe in step (2), forming a hollow pile without a bottom seal;
（二）施工第二桩：包括下列方法之一：(2) Construction of the second pile: including one of the following methods:
方法A：Method A:
（1）就位：将外管同心就位于设定第一桩桩位上；(1) In place: place the outer tube concentrically on the set first pile position;
（2）沉管：将外管下沉至设定的深度；(2) Immersed tube: sink the outer tube to the set depth;
（3）浇筑成型：上提内夯系统，浇筑桩身或下放预制桩身，下放预制桩身时，将预制桩身外周围间隙用固化剂充填注满；(3) Pouring molding: lift up the internal ramming system, pour the pile body or lower the prefabricated pile body, when lowering the prefabricated pile body, fill the gap around the prefabricated pile body with curing agent;
（4）拔管成型：拔出外管，桩成型；(4) Extrusion forming: the outer tube is pulled out, and the pile is formed;
方法B：Method B:
采用静压、反压、锤击、振动或其他外力与第一桩同心沉桩至设定深度，第二桩为空心预制桩时，沉桩时将空心桩上下封口，封底采用桩靴或铁板，封顶采用塞子或铁板，开挖土方后，取出封顶的塞子或铁板，然后按设计要求分段或全段浇筑钢筋混凝土。Use static pressure, back pressure, hammering, vibration or other external forces to sink the first pile concentrically to the set depth. When the second pile is a hollow prefabricated pile, seal the hollow pile up and down during pile sinking, and use spud shoes or iron as the bottom cover. The roof is sealed with plugs or iron plates. After excavating the earth, take out the capped plugs or iron plates, and then pour reinforced concrete in sections or in whole sections according to the design requirements.
桩身为直线、螺纹、间互直线螺纹型中的一种或几种复合形式，采用扩孔方法对桩身进行扩颈、扩径、扩底。The pile body is one or more composite forms of straight line, screw thread, and inter-linear thread type, and the neck, diameter, and bottom of the pile body are expanded by the method of hole expansion.
施工第一桩的方法A与施工第二桩的方法A中，外管为单管钢管护筒；内夯系统为单管内夯管形式，单管内夯管的外径比外管内径小，内夯管的顶部设有直径大于外管外径、与锤头匹配的夯击盘，内夯管的底部采用钢板封底，且钢板的直径介于内夯管外径与外管内径之间，夯击盘下端至内夯管底部的长度不大于外管的长度；或内夯系统为单管内夯管锤，单管内夯管锤的直径小于外管内径，单管内夯管锤内腔充填钢渣、铸铁水、粗细骨料中的一种或几种，单管内夯管锤的上下端用钢板封口，单管内夯管锤的上段呈空心管状，下段呈实心锤状；或内夯系统为直径小于外管内径的内夯自落锤；或内夯系统为直径小于外管内径的内夯管，内夯管的底部用钢板封底，钢板上方充填粗细骨料、钢板、麻布或胶垫，内夯管内置内夯自落锤或内夯电动锤。In the method A of constructing the first pile and the method A of constructing the second pile, the outer pipe is a single-pipe steel pipe casing; The top of the ramming tube is provided with a ramming plate whose diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the outer tube and matches the hammer head. The bottom of the inner ramming tube is sealed with a steel plate, and the diameter of the steel plate is between the outer diameter of the inner ramming tube and the inner diameter of the outer tube. The length from the lower end of the hitting plate to the bottom of the inner ramming tube is not greater than the length of the outer tube; or the internal ramming system is a single-tube internal ramming hammer, the diameter of the single-tube inner ramming hammer is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer tube, and the inner cavity of the single-tube inner ramming hammer is filled with steel slag, One or more of cast iron, coarse and fine aggregates, the upper and lower ends of the single-tube internal rammer are sealed with steel plates, the upper section of the single-tube internal rammer is in the shape of a hollow tube, and the lower section is in the shape of a solid hammer; or the internal rammer system has a diameter less than The internal ramming of the inner diameter of the outer pipe is a self-dropping hammer; or the inner ramming system is an inner ramming pipe whose diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer pipe. Tube built-in internal rammer self-dropping hammer or internal rammer electric hammer.
施工第一桩的方法A与施工第二桩的方法A中，沉管方法均包括下列方式中的一种或几种：In the method A of constructing the first pile and the method A of constructing the second pile, the immersed pipe method includes one or more of the following methods:
（1）势能直接作用于外管，直接将外管沉入设定深度；(1) Potential energy directly acts on the outer tube, directly sinking the outer tube into the set depth;
（2）势能直接作用于内外管，直接将内外管系统同步沉入设定深度；(2) Potential energy directly acts on the inner and outer pipes, directly sinking the inner and outer pipe systems into the set depth synchronously;
（3）势能直接作用于内夯系统：外管内的内夯管锤或内夯管内的内夯锤通过人工操作、机械操作或自动化操作，自由落体或连续锤击做上下运动，由内夯管上设置的夯击盘带动外管同步沉入设定深度；当成孔不塌孔时，不设外管，内夯系统直接沉入设定深度；(3) Potential energy directly acts on the internal rammer system: the inner rammer in the outer tube or the inner rammer in the inner tube is manually operated, mechanically or automatically operated, free-falling or continuously hammered to move up and down, and the internal rammer The tamping plate set on the top drives the outer pipe to sink into the set depth synchronously; when the hole is formed without collapsing, no outer pipe is installed, and the internal tamping system directly sinks to the set depth;
（4）势能分别作用于内夯系统和外管：(4) The potential energy acts on the internal ramming system and the outer pipe respectively:
a)势能直接作用于内夯系统：外管内的内夯锤或外管内的内夯管锤或内夯管内的内夯锤通过人工操作、机械操作或自动化操作，自由落体或连续锤击做上下运动，冲剪外管下的土体或桩体，形成剪切土体或剪切口；a) Potential energy directly acts on the internal rammer system: the internal rammer inside the outer tube or the internal rammer inside the outer tube or the internal rammer inside the inner tube is manually operated, mechanically or automatically operated, free fall or continuously hammered up and down Movement, punching and shearing the soil or pile under the outer tube to form shear soil or shear opening;
b)势能直接作用于外管，外管至少采用下列方法之一下沉：①在外管自重下，外管沿剪切土体或剪切口自重力下沉；②启动外管上的反压或静压加压装置，外管沿剪切土体或剪切口加压下沉；③启动外管上的振动装置，外管沿剪切土体或剪切口振动下沉；④同时启动外管上的振动和加压装置，外管沿剪切土体或剪切口振压下沉；⑤启动外管上的旋压装置，外管沿剪切土体或剪切口旋压下沉；⑥启动外管上的搓管装置，使外管沿剪切土体或剪切口搓压下沉；b) Potential energy directly acts on the outer pipe, and the outer pipe sinks by at least one of the following methods: ①Under the weight of the outer pipe, the outer pipe sinks along the shear soil or the shear opening by gravity; ②Activate the back pressure on the outer pipe or Static pressure pressurization device, the outer pipe pressurizes and sinks along the shear soil or the shear opening; ③Start the vibration device on the outer pipe, and the outer pipe vibrates and sinks along the shear soil or the shear opening; ④Start the outer pipe at the same time Vibration and pressurization device on the pipe, the outer pipe sinks along the shear soil or the shear opening; ⑤Start the spinning device on the outer pipe, the outer pipe spins and sinks along the shear soil or the shear opening ; ⑥ Start the rubbing device on the outer pipe, so that the outer pipe sinks along the sheared soil or the shearing mouth;
c)交互步骤a)、b)，直到内外管下沉至设定深度。c) Steps a) and b) are alternated until the inner and outer tubes sink to the set depth.
施工第一桩的方法A与施工第二桩的方法A中，在沉管步骤后先进行夯扩成型再浇筑成型，夯扩成型的方法是：上提外管内的内夯系统，按设定投料量将填充料投入外管内，上拔外管一定高度h≥0；内夯系统反复夯击填充料形成扩大头，通过调整下列系数来调整土体的挤密程度及夯扩头的大小、形状：投料高度H、外管上拔高度h、夯扩完成时外管底距桩底的距离c、夯扩完成时内夯系统底距外管底的距离E、夯击填充料时在设定冲击能量下的贯入度D及填充料的体积V；具体调整形式为：In the method A of constructing the first pile and the method A of constructing the second pile, after the step of sinking the tube, the tamping and expansion molding is carried out first, and then the casting is performed. Feeding amount Put the filling material into the outer pipe, and pull the outer pipe to a certain height h≥0; the internal tamping system repeatedly rams the filling material to form an expanding head, and adjust the degree of compaction of the soil and the size of the ramming head by adjusting the following coefficients, Shape: feeding height H, outer pipe uplift height h, distance c between the bottom of the outer pipe and the bottom of the pile when the tamping and expansion is completed, distance E between the bottom of the internal ramming system and the bottom of the outer pipe when the tamping and expansion is completed, and the distance between the bottom of the inner ramming system and the bottom of the outer pipe when the tamping is completed. Penetration D and filler volume V under constant impact energy; the specific adjustment form is:
A）通过调整夯实系数D∈（D1,D2,…Dn,V）来调整土体的挤密程度，夯击填充料时，在设定冲击能量下连续n次锤击的下沉量D1、D2…Dn及其总和nD；A) By adjusting the tamping coefficient D∈(D1,D2,...Dn,V) to adjust the degree of compaction of the soil, when tamping the filling, the subsidence of n consecutive hammering under the set impact energy D1, D2...Dn and its sum nD;
B）通过调整形态系数α∈（H,h,c,E,D,V）来调整夯扩头的大小、形状：B) Adjust the size and shape of the tamping head by adjusting the shape coefficient α∈(H,h,c,E,D,V):
a)通过调整形态系数α∈(H,h,E)来调整夯扩头的大小、形状，形成纺锤状夯扩头；a) By adjusting the shape coefficient α∈(H,h,E) to adjust the size and shape of the tamping head to form a spindle-shaped tamping head;
Dn=αnd0[(∑Hi+hn)/hn]1/2 E=0Dn=α n d 0 [(∑Hi+hn)/hn] 1/2 E=0
b)通过调整形态系数α∈（H,h,c,E）来调整夯扩头的大小、形状，形成柱状夯扩头；b) Adjust the size and shape of the tamping head by adjusting the shape coefficient α∈(H, h, c, E) to form a columnar tamping head;
Dn=αnd0[(∑Hi+hn-Cn)/hn]1/2 E=0Dn=α n d 0 [(∑Hi+hn-Cn)/hn] 1/2 E=0
c)通过调整形态系数α∈（E,D,V）来调整夯扩头的大小、形状,形成球状夯扩头；c) Adjust the size and shape of the tamping head by adjusting the shape coefficient α∈(E, D, V) to form a spherical tamping head;
Dn=αn2(3V/4兀)1/3 E=0；Dn=α n 2(3V/4元) 1/3 E=0;
其中Dn为夯扩n次的夯扩头计算直径，Hi为夯扩i次时外管中灌注混凝土高度，hn为夯扩n次时外管上拔高度，Cn为夯扩n次时外管下沉底端至桩底的距离；E值：内夯系统底出外管为正值，内夯系统底在外管内为负值，内夯系统底与外管平齐为零，计量单位为m；αn为扩大头直径修正系数，α∈（0.8,1.2）。Among them, Dn is the calculated diameter of the ramming and expanding head for n times of ramming and expanding, Hi is the height of concrete poured in the outer tube when ramming and expanding for i times, hn is the uplift height of the outer tube for n times of ramming and expanding, and Cn is the height of the outer tube for n times of ramming and expanding The distance from the sinking bottom to the bottom of the pile; E value: the bottom of the internal ramming system goes out of the outer pipe is a positive value, the bottom of the internal ramming system is in the outer pipe is a negative value, and the bottom of the internal ramming system is equal to the outer pipe is zero, and the measurement unit is m; α n is the correction coefficient of the expansion head diameter, α∈(0.8,1.2).
夯扩成型时，自上而下或自下而上形成零级、一级、二级或多级扩大头；填充料是碎砖、石、砂、粗细骨料、矿渣、水泥拌合物、干湿混凝土中的一种或几种；固化剂是指水泥、石灰、砂、石、粉煤灰、水泥拌合物中的一种或几种组成的液态或粉状加固材料。When tamping and expanding, a zero-level, one-level, two-level or multi-level expansion head is formed from top to bottom or bottom to top; the filling materials are broken bricks, stones, sand, coarse and fine aggregates, slag, cement mixture, One or more of dry and wet concrete; curing agent refers to a liquid or powder reinforcement material composed of one or more of cement, lime, sand, stone, fly ash, and cement mixture.
上述所谓的势能是通过柴油锤、振动锤、自落锤、电动锤、液压锤、静压、反压、螺旋钻、搓摇管做功形成的势能。The above-mentioned so-called potential energy is the potential energy formed by diesel hammer, vibratory hammer, self-falling hammer, electric hammer, hydraulic hammer, static pressure, back pressure, auger, and rubbing tube.
当第一桩设定为空心桩时，在形成空心桩后，还进行下列方法之一的施工：When the first pile is set as a hollow pile, after the hollow pile is formed, one of the following construction methods is also carried out:
（a）在空心桩内沉管沉桩，沉管沉桩桩径均不大于空心桩内径，沉管沉桩深度均超过空心桩底部，沉管沉桩至设定深度；(a) Pipe sinking piles in the hollow pile, the diameter of the sinking tube sinking piles is not greater than the inner diameter of the hollow pile, the depth of the sinking tube sinking piles exceeds the bottom of the hollow pile, and the sinking tube sinks the piles to the set depth;
（b）在空心桩内直接浇筑钢筋混凝土至设定高度成桩，形成基坑支护的止水挡土墙；(b) Directly pour reinforced concrete in the hollow pile to the set height to form a pile to form a water-stop retaining wall for foundation pit support;
（c）在空心桩内沉入管桩，管桩与周围空隙用固化剂或减磨剂注满成桩，形成基坑支护的止水挡土墙。(c) Sink the pipe pile into the hollow pile, and fill the pipe pile and the surrounding space with curing agent or friction reducing agent to form a pile to form a water-stop retaining wall for foundation pit support.
所述管桩可以是钢护筒、水泥管桩、PVC管等多种材质，强度匹配，内可设支撑系统，外可包隔膜的护筒。管桩与四周空隙用减磨剂注满，可拔出管桩重复使用。The pipe piles can be made of various materials such as steel casings, cement pipe piles, PVC pipes, etc., with matching strength, a support system can be provided inside, and a casing can be wrapped with a diaphragm outside. The gap between the pipe pile and the surrounding area is filled with anti-friction agent, and the pipe pile can be pulled out and reused.
本发明施工方便，合理，可根据地层情况、场地条件、周围环境以及工程量的大小，选择合适的施工设备及施工工艺，沉管、拔管系统既可以是一套装置，也可以为不同的独立装置，既可一台设备一体化施工一根桩，也可多台设备施工一根桩，还可多台设备流水作业。The construction of the present invention is convenient and reasonable. Appropriate construction equipment and construction technology can be selected according to the stratum conditions, site conditions, surrounding environment and the size of the project. Independent device, not only one piece of equipment can be integrated to construct one pile, but also multiple equipment can be used to construct one pile, and multiple equipment can also be used for flow operation.
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
一种复合桩的施工方法，包括下列步骤：A construction method of a composite pile, comprising the following steps:
一种复合桩的施工方法，其特征是：包括下列步骤：A kind of construction method of composite pile is characterized in that: comprises the following steps:
（一）施工第一桩：包括下列方法之一：(1) Construction of the first pile: including one of the following methods:
方法A：Method A:
（1）移机就位：移动设备，将外管就位于设定桩位上；(1) Move the machine into place: move the equipment, and place the outer tube on the set pile position;
（2）沉管：将外管下沉至设定的深度；(2) Immersed tube: sink the outer tube to the set depth;
（3）浇筑成型：上提内夯系统，浇筑桩身；(3) Pouring forming: lift up the internal ramming system, and pour the pile body;
（4）拔管成型：拔出外管，桩成型；根据设计要求，内夯系统可以压置混凝土面后再拔出外管，桩成型。(4) Tube forming: pull out the outer tube to form the pile; according to the design requirements, the internal ramming system can press the concrete surface and then pull out the outer tube to form the pile.
方法B：Method B:
（1）移机就位：移动设备，将钻杆就位于设定桩位上；(1) Move the machine into place: move the equipment and place the drill pipe on the set pile position;
（2）旋压下沉：将钻杆旋压下沉至设定的深度；(2) Spinning sinking: Spinning and sinking the drill pipe to the set depth;
（3）旋拉上提：(3) Rotate and pull up:
将钻杆旋拉，同时将固化剂压灌至桩孔内，旋拉上提至设定高度，完成实心桩；Rotate the drill pipe, pour the curing agent into the pile hole at the same time, and lift it up to the set height to complete the solid pile;
或：将钻杆旋拉，同时将固化剂注入土体，旋拉上提至设定高度，并重复旋压下沉和钻杆旋拉步骤，将固化剂与土体强制机械切削和搅拌旋压，完成实心桩；Or: spin the drill pipe, inject the curing agent into the soil at the same time, lift it up to the set height, repeat the steps of spinning sinking and spinning the drill pipe, and force the curing agent and the soil to mechanically cut and stir. Press to complete the solid pile;
（4）当第一桩设定为空心桩时，则在步骤（3）完成实心桩施工后1~10小时时，进行下列方法之一的施工：(4) When the first pile is set as a hollow pile, one of the following construction methods shall be carried out 1 to 10 hours after the completion of the solid pile construction in step (3):
（a）移机就位，螺旋钻杆同心旋压下沉至设定深度，旋拉上提，形成空心桩，且本次螺旋钻孔的成孔直径小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉形成的桩孔直径；本次螺旋钻孔的成孔深度小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉形成的桩孔深度，形成底部封底的笔筒型筒桩；或本次螺旋钻孔的成孔深度不小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉形成的桩孔深度，形成底部不封底的空心型筒桩；(a) Move the machine into place, sink the auger pipe to the set depth by concentric spinning, and lift it up to form a hollow pile, and the diameter of the hole formed by the auger drilling this time is smaller than that in step (2) under the spinning of the drill pipe The diameter of the pile hole formed by sinking; the depth of the hole formed by the auger drilling this time is less than the depth of the pile hole formed by the spinning and sinking of the drill pipe in step (2), forming a pen holder-shaped pile with a bottom seal; or the depth of the hole formed by the auger drilling this time The depth of the hole is not less than the depth of the pile hole formed by the spinning and sinking of the drill pipe in step (2), forming a hollow tubular pile with an unsealed bottom;
（b）移机就位，自落锤同心提起做自由落体运动，内夯冲剪桩体，形成剪切口，自落锤反复做上下运动，形成空心桩；本次自落锤内夯桩体成孔直径小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉形成的桩孔直径，本次自落锤内夯桩体成孔深度小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉的桩孔深度，形成底部封底的笔筒型筒桩；或自落锤内夯桩体成孔深度不小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉形成的桩孔深度，形成底部不封底的空心型筒桩；(b) Move the machine into place, lift the falling hammer concentrically to do free fall, ram the punching and shearing pile body internally to form a shear opening, and repeatedly move up and down from the falling hammer to form a hollow pile; The diameter of the hole formed by the body is smaller than the diameter of the pile hole formed by the spinning and sinking of the drill pipe in step (2). Pen barrel-shaped barrel piles with the bottom sealed; or the depth of the hole formed by the internal tamping pile body of the falling hammer is not less than the depth of the pile hole formed by the spinning and sinking of the drill pipe in step (2), forming a hollow barrel pile with the bottom not sealed;
（c）移机就位，采用静压、反压、锤击振动或其他外力同心沉管沉桩至设定深度，拔管拔桩至设定高度，形成空心桩，且本次沉管沉桩的成孔直径小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉形成的桩孔直径；本次沉管沉桩的成孔深度小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉形成的桩孔深度，形成底部封底的笔筒型筒桩；或本次沉管沉桩的成孔深度不小于步骤（2）钻杆旋压下沉形成的桩孔深度，形成底部不封底的空心型筒桩；(c) Move the machine into place, use static pressure, back pressure, hammer vibration or other external forces to sink the pile concentrically to the set depth, pull out the pipe and pull the pile to the set height to form a hollow pile, and this sinking tube sinking The hole diameter of the pile is smaller than the diameter of the pile hole formed by the spinning and sinking of the drill pipe in step (2); A pen-tube pile with a bottom seal; or the depth of the hole formed by sinking the pile this time is not less than the depth of the pile hole formed by the spinning and sinking of the drill pipe in step (2), forming a hollow pile without a bottom seal;
（二）施工第二桩：包括下列方法之一：(2) Construction of the second pile: including one of the following methods:
方法A：Method A:
（1）就位：将外管同心就位于设定第一桩桩位上；(1) In place: place the outer tube concentrically on the set first pile position;
（2）沉管：将外管下沉至设定的深度；(2) Immersed tube: sink the outer tube to the set depth;
（3）浇筑成型：上提内夯系统，浇筑桩身或下放预制桩身，下放预制桩身时，将预制桩身外周围间隙用固化剂充填注满；(3) Pouring molding: lift up the internal ramming system, pour the pile body or lower the prefabricated pile body, when lowering the prefabricated pile body, fill the gap around the prefabricated pile body with curing agent;
（4）拔管成型：拔出外管，桩成型；(4) Extrusion forming: the outer tube is pulled out, and the pile is formed;
方法B：Method B:
采用静压、反压、锤击、振动或其他外力同心沉桩至设定深度，第二桩为空心预制桩时，沉桩时将空心桩上下封口，封底采用桩靴或铁板，封顶采用塞子或铁板，开挖土方后，取出封顶的塞子或铁板，然后按设计要求分段或全段浇筑钢筋混凝土。Static pressure, back pressure, hammering, vibration or other external forces are used to sink the pile concentrically to the set depth. When the second pile is a hollow prefabricated pile, the hollow pile is sealed up and down when the pile is driven. Plugs or iron plates, after excavating the earth, take out the capped plugs or iron plates, and then pour reinforced concrete in sections or in whole sections according to the design requirements.
桩身为直线、螺纹、间互直线螺纹型中的一种或几种复合形式，采用扩孔方法对桩身进行扩颈、扩径、扩底。The pile body is one or more composite forms of straight line, screw thread, and inter-linear thread type, and the neck, diameter, and bottom of the pile body are expanded by the method of hole expansion.
固化剂是水泥、石灰、水、土、砂、粗细骨料、水泥拌合物中的一种或几种。The curing agent is one or more of cement, lime, water, soil, sand, coarse and fine aggregate, and cement mixture.
施工第一桩的方法A与施工第二桩的方法A相同。The method A of constructing the first pile is the same as the method A of constructing the second pile.
施工第一桩的方法A与施工第二桩的方法A中，外管为单管钢管护筒；内夯系统为单管内夯管形式，单管内夯管的外径比外管内径小，内夯管的顶部设有直径大于外管外径、与锤头匹配的夯击盘，内夯管的底部采用钢板封底，且钢板的直径介于内夯管外径与外管内径之间，夯击盘下端至内夯管底部的长度不大于外管的长度；或内夯系统为单管内夯管锤，单管内夯管锤的直径小于外管内径，单管内夯管锤内腔充填钢渣、铸铁水、粗细骨料中的一种或几种，单管内夯管锤的上下端用钢板封口，单管内夯管锤的上段呈空心管状，下段呈实心锤状，根据设计要求，上部可设尺寸大于外管的夯击盘，夯击盘下端至内夯管锤底的长度不小于外管长度；或内夯系统为直径小于外管内径的内夯自落锤；或内夯系统为直径小于外管内径的内夯管，内夯管的底部用钢板封底，钢板上方充填粗细骨料、钢板、麻布或胶垫，内夯管内置内夯自落锤或内夯电动锤，根据设计要求，上部可设尺寸大于外管的夯击盘，夯击盘下端至内夯管底的长度不小于外管长度。In the method A of constructing the first pile and the method A of constructing the second pile, the outer pipe is a single-pipe steel pipe casing; The top of the ramming tube is provided with a ramming plate whose diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the outer tube and matches the hammer head. The bottom of the inner ramming tube is sealed with a steel plate, and the diameter of the steel plate is between the outer diameter of the inner ramming tube and the inner diameter of the outer tube. The length from the lower end of the hitting plate to the bottom of the inner ramming tube is not greater than the length of the outer tube; or the internal ramming system is a single-tube internal ramming hammer, the diameter of the single-tube inner ramming hammer is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer tube, and the inner cavity of the single-tube inner ramming hammer is filled with steel slag, One or more of cast iron, coarse and fine aggregates, the upper and lower ends of the single-tube internal rammer are sealed with steel plates, the upper section of the single-tube internal rammer is in the shape of a hollow tube, and the lower section is in the shape of a solid hammer. If the size of the ramming plate is larger than that of the outer tube, the length from the lower end of the ramming plate to the hammer bottom of the inner ramming tube is not less than the length of the outer tube; or the internal ramming system is an internal ramming self-dropping hammer whose diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer tube; or the internal ramming system is a diameter For inner rammer pipes smaller than the inner diameter of the outer pipe, the bottom of the inner rammer pipe is sealed with a steel plate, and the top of the steel plate is filled with coarse and fine aggregates, steel plates, linen or rubber pads. , the upper part can be provided with a ramming disc whose size is larger than that of the outer tube, and the length from the lower end of the ramming disc to the bottom of the inner ramming tube is not less than the length of the outer tube.
根据设计要求，内夯管底部可加设便于灵活拆装的取土仓装置或尖型冲钻土装置。According to the design requirements, the bottom of the internal ramming pipe can be equipped with a soil borrowing bin device or a pointed soil drilling device that is convenient for flexible disassembly.
施工第一桩的方法A与施工第二桩的方法A中，沉管方法均包括下列方式中的一种或几种：In the method A of constructing the first pile and the method A of constructing the second pile, the immersed pipe method includes one or more of the following methods:
（1）势能直接作用于外管，直接将外管沉入设定深度；(1) Potential energy directly acts on the outer tube, directly sinking the outer tube into the set depth;
（2）势能直接作用于内外管，直接将内外管系统同步沉入设定深度；(2) Potential energy directly acts on the inner and outer pipes, directly sinking the inner and outer pipe systems into the set depth synchronously;
（3）势能直接作用于内夯系统：外管内的内夯管锤或内夯管内的内夯锤通过人工操作、机械操作或自动化操作，自由落体或连续锤击做上下运动，由内夯管上设置的夯击盘带动外管同步沉入设定深度；当成孔不塌孔时，不设外管，内夯系统直接沉入设定深度；(3) Potential energy directly acts on the internal rammer system: the inner rammer in the outer tube or the inner rammer in the inner tube is manually operated, mechanically or automatically operated, free-falling or continuously hammered to move up and down, and the internal rammer The tamping plate set on the top drives the outer pipe to sink into the set depth synchronously; when the hole is formed without collapsing, no outer pipe is installed, and the internal tamping system directly sinks to the set depth;
（4）势能分别作用于内夯系统和外管：(4) The potential energy acts on the internal ramming system and the outer pipe respectively:
a)势能直接作用于内夯系统：外管内的内夯锤或外管内的内夯管锤或内夯管内的内夯锤通过人工操作、机械操作或自动化操作，自由落体或连续锤击做上下运动，冲剪外管下的土体或桩体，形成剪切土体或剪切口；a) Potential energy directly acts on the internal rammer system: the internal rammer inside the outer tube or the internal rammer inside the outer tube or the internal rammer inside the inner tube is manually operated, mechanically or automatically operated, free fall or continuously hammered up and down Movement, punching and shearing the soil or pile under the outer tube to form shear soil or shear opening;
b)势能直接作用于外管，外管至少采用下列方法之一下沉：①在外管自重下，外管沿剪切土体或剪切口自重力下沉；②启动外管上的反压或静压加压装置，外管沿剪切土体或剪切口加压下沉；③启动外管上的振动装置，外管沿剪切土体或剪切口振动下沉；④同时启动外管上的振动和加压装置，外管沿剪切土体或剪切口振压下沉；⑤启动外管上的旋压装置，外管沿剪切土体或剪切口旋压下沉；⑥启动外管上的搓管装置，使外管沿剪切土体或剪切口搓压下沉；b) Potential energy directly acts on the outer pipe, and the outer pipe sinks by at least one of the following methods: ①Under the weight of the outer pipe, the outer pipe sinks along the shear soil or the shear opening by gravity; ②Activate the back pressure on the outer pipe or Static pressure pressurization device, the outer pipe pressurizes and sinks along the shear soil or the shear opening; ③Start the vibration device on the outer pipe, and the outer pipe vibrates and sinks along the shear soil or the shear opening; ④Start the outer pipe at the same time Vibration and pressurization device on the pipe, the outer pipe sinks along the shear soil or the shear opening; ⑤Start the spinning device on the outer pipe, the outer pipe spins and sinks along the shear soil or the shear opening ; ⑥ Start the rubbing device on the outer pipe, so that the outer pipe sinks along the sheared soil or the shearing mouth;
c)交互步骤a)、b)，直到内外管下沉至设定深度。c) Steps a) and b) are alternated until the inner and outer tubes sink to the set depth.
施工第一桩的方法A与施工第二桩的方法A中，在沉管步骤后先进行夯扩成型再浇筑成型，夯扩成型的方法是：上提外管内的内夯系统，按设定投料量将填充料投入外管内，上拔外管一定高度h≥0；内夯系统反复夯击填充料形成扩大头，通过调整下列系数来调整土体的挤密程度及夯扩头的大小、形状：投料高度H、外管上拔高度h、夯扩完成时外管底距桩底的距离c、夯扩完成时内夯系统底距外管底的距离E、夯击填充料时在设定冲击能量下的贯入度D及填充料的体积V；具体调整形式为：In the method A of constructing the first pile and the method A of constructing the second pile, after the step of sinking the tube, the tamping and expansion molding is carried out first, and then the casting is performed. Feeding amount Put the filling material into the outer pipe, and pull the outer pipe to a certain height h≥0; the internal tamping system repeatedly rams the filling material to form an expanding head, and adjust the degree of compaction of the soil and the size of the ramming head by adjusting the following coefficients, Shape: feeding height H, outer pipe uplift height h, distance c between the bottom of the outer pipe and the bottom of the pile when the tamping and expansion is completed, distance E between the bottom of the internal ramming system and the bottom of the outer pipe when the tamping and expansion is completed, and the distance between the bottom of the inner ramming system and the bottom of the outer pipe when the tamping is completed. Penetration D and filler volume V under constant impact energy; the specific adjustment form is:
A）通过调整夯实系数D∈（D1,D2,…Dn,V）来调整土体的挤密程度，夯击填充料时，在设定冲击能量下连续n次锤击的下沉量D1、D2…Dn及其总和nD；A) By adjusting the tamping coefficient D∈(D1,D2,...Dn,V) to adjust the degree of compaction of the soil, when tamping the filling, the subsidence of n consecutive hammering under the set impact energy D1, D2...Dn and its sum nD;
B）通过调整形态系数α∈（H,h,c,E,D,V）来调整夯扩头的大小、形状：B) Adjust the size and shape of the tamping head by adjusting the shape coefficient α∈(H,h,c,E,D,V):
a)通过调整形态系数α∈(H,h,E)来调整夯扩头的大小、形状，形成纺锤状夯扩头；a) By adjusting the shape coefficient α∈(H,h,E) to adjust the size and shape of the tamping head to form a spindle-shaped tamping head;
Dn=αnd0[(∑Hi+hn)/hn]1/2 E=0Dn=α n d 0 [(∑Hi+hn)/hn] 1/2 E=0
b)通过调整形态系数α∈（H,h,c,E）来调整夯扩头的大小、形状，形成柱状夯扩头；b) Adjust the size and shape of the tamping head by adjusting the shape coefficient α∈(H, h, c, E) to form a columnar tamping head;
Dn=αnd0[(∑Hi+hn-Cn)/hn]1/2 E=0Dn=α n d 0 [(∑Hi+hn-Cn)/hn] 1/2 E=0
c)通过调整形态系数α∈（E,D,V）来调整夯扩头的大小、形状,形成球状夯扩头；c) Adjust the size and shape of the tamping head by adjusting the shape coefficient α∈(E, D, V) to form a spherical tamping head;
Dn=αn2(3V/4兀)1/3 E=0；Dn=α n 2(3V/4元) 1/3 E=0;
其中Dn为夯扩n次的夯扩头计算直径，Hi为夯扩i次时外管中灌注混凝土高度，hn为夯扩n次时外管上拔高度，Cn为夯扩n次时外管下沉底端至桩底的距离；E值：内夯系统底出外管为正值，内夯系统底在外管内为负值，内夯系统底与外管平齐为零，计量单位为m；αn为扩大头直径修正系数，α∈（0.8,1.2）。Among them, Dn is the calculated diameter of the ramming and expanding head for n times of ramming and expanding, Hi is the height of concrete poured in the outer tube when ramming and expanding for i times, hn is the uplift height of the outer tube for n times of ramming and expanding, and Cn is the height of the outer tube for n times of ramming and expanding The distance from the sinking bottom to the bottom of the pile; E value: the bottom of the internal ramming system goes out of the outer pipe is a positive value, the bottom of the internal ramming system is in the outer pipe is a negative value, and the bottom of the internal ramming system is equal to the outer pipe is zero, and the measurement unit is m; α n is the correction coefficient of the expansion head diameter, α∈(0.8,1.2).
夯扩成型时，自上而下或自下而上形成零级、一级、二级或多级扩大头；填充料是碎砖、石、砂、粗细骨料、矿渣、水泥拌合物、干湿混凝土中的一种或几种；固化剂是指水泥、石灰、砂、石、粉煤灰、水泥拌合物中的一种或几种组成的液态或粉状加固材料。When tamping and expanding, a zero-level, one-level, two-level or multi-level expansion head is formed from top to bottom or bottom to top; the filling materials are broken bricks, stones, sand, coarse and fine aggregates, slag, cement mixture, One or more of dry and wet concrete; curing agent refers to a liquid or powder reinforcement material composed of one or more of cement, lime, sand, stone, fly ash, and cement mixture.
上述所谓的势能是通过柴油锤、振动锤、自落锤、电动锤、液压锤、静压、反压、螺旋钻、搓摇管做功形成的势能。The above-mentioned so-called potential energy is the potential energy formed by diesel hammer, vibratory hammer, self-falling hammer, electric hammer, hydraulic hammer, static pressure, back pressure, auger, and rubbing tube.
通过调整夯实系数D、形态系数α，自上而下形成填充料扩大头，挤密土体、影响土体，大幅提高端承力，减少沉降，夯实提高系数β（夯实后与夯实前的端承力之比）∈（1.5,3.0）By adjusting the tamping coefficient D and the form coefficient α, an enlarged head of the filling material is formed from top to bottom, which compacts and affects the soil, greatly improves the end bearing capacity, reduces settlement, and tamps the coefficient β (end after tamping and before tamping). Bearing ratio) ∈ (1.5,3.0)
夯扩成型时，自上而下或自下而上形成零级、一级、二级或多级扩大头；填充料是碎砖、石、砂、粗细骨料、矿渣、水泥拌合物、干湿混凝土中的一种或几种；固化剂是指水泥、石灰、砂石、粉煤灰中的一种或几种组成的液态或粉状加固材料。When tamping and expanding, a zero-level, one-level, two-level or multi-level expansion head is formed from top to bottom or bottom to top; the filling materials are broken bricks, stones, sand, coarse and fine aggregates, slag, cement mixture, One or more of dry and wet concrete; curing agent refers to a liquid or powder reinforcement material composed of one or more of cement, lime, sand and fly ash.
形成的劲芯复合桩，包括作为外围桩的第一桩和作为芯桩的第二桩，其特征是：第一桩为现浇桩，第二桩为现浇桩或预制桩，第一桩截面积为S1、总桩长为L1，第二桩截面积为S2、总桩长为L2，第一桩与第二桩的中心距d=0，第二桩与第一桩的面积比S比=S2/S1，第二桩与第一桩的长度比L比=L2／L1，其中S比∈（0,1），L比>0.5；当S比∈（0,0.25）时，第二桩作为第一桩的加劲体；当S比∈（0.25,0.75）时，第一桩与第二桩相互作用形成复合桩；当S比∈（0.75,1）时，第一桩作为第二桩的薄壁环形桩；第二桩与第一桩之间的复合工作系数f1-2∈（1.5,3.0）。The core composite pile formed includes the first pile as the peripheral pile and the second pile as the core pile, and is characterized in that: the first pile is a cast-in-place pile, the second pile is a cast-in-place pile or a prefabricated pile, and the first pile is a cast-in-place pile. The cross-sectional area is S1, the total pile length is L1, the cross-sectional area of the second pile is S2, the total pile length is L2, the center distance between the first pile and the second pile is d=0, the area ratio of the second pile to the first pile is S Ratio = S2/S1, the length ratio of the second pile to the first pile L ratio = L2/L1, where S ratio ∈ (0,1), L ratio >0.5; when S ratio ∈ (0,0.25), the first pile The two piles act as stiffeners of the first pile; when the S ratio ∈ (0.25,0.75), the first pile interacts with the second pile to form a composite pile; when the S ratio ∈ (0.75,1), the first pile acts as the second pile Thin-walled annular pile of two piles; composite work factor f 1-2 ∈ (1.5,3.0) between the second pile and the first pile.
第一桩为现浇桩，桩身具有沿桩身扩颈、扩径、扩底、全螺纹、全直线、间互螺旋、直线中的一种或多种形式，所述现浇桩为实心桩或空心桩，其中空心桩为底部封底的笔筒型筒桩或底部不封底的空心型筒桩。The first pile is a cast-in-place pile, and the pile body has one or more forms of neck expansion, diameter expansion, bottom expansion, full thread, full straight line, inter-spiral, and straight line along the pile body, and the cast-in-place pile is solid. piles or hollow piles, wherein the hollow piles are pen barrel-shaped piles with a closed bottom or hollow piles with an unsealed bottom.
第二桩为现浇桩或预制桩；所述现浇桩具有沿桩身扩颈、扩径、扩底、全螺纹、全直线、间互螺旋、直线中的一种或多种形式，所述预制桩为实心桩或空心桩，其中空心桩内腔为全段或分段灌注钢筋混凝土的形式。The second pile is a cast-in-place pile or a prefabricated pile; the cast-in-place pile has one or more forms of neck expansion along the pile body, diameter expansion, bottom expansion, full thread, full straight line, inter-spiral, and straight line. The above-mentioned prefabricated piles are solid piles or hollow piles, wherein the inner cavity of the hollow pile is in the form of pouring reinforced concrete in whole sections or sections.
施工设备可以包括内夯式沉管桩机、锤击沉管桩机、静压沉管桩机、螺旋搅拌桩机、振动沉管桩机、搓管桩机、拔管桩机，并可配有自落锤、柴油锤、振动锤、电动锤、液压锤等。The construction equipment can include internal rammer pile sinking pile machine, hammer sinking pipe pile machine, static pressure pipe sinking pile machine, screw mixing pile machine, vibrating pipe sinking pile machine, pipe rubbing pile machine, pipe pulling pile machine, and can be equipped with There are self-dropping hammers, diesel hammers, vibratory hammers, electric hammers, hydraulic hammers, etc.
当第一桩设定为空心桩时，在形成空心桩后，还可进行下列方法之一的施工：When the first pile is set as a hollow pile, after the hollow pile is formed, one of the following methods can also be used for construction:
（a）采用空心桩内沉管沉桩，沉管沉桩桩径均不大于空心桩内径，沉管沉桩深度均超过空心桩底部，沉管沉桩至设定深度，解决了沉管沉桩深度与拔管问题，形成了上下两节现浇桩或现浇桩与预制桩的复合桩。(a) Hollow piles are used for sinking piles with sinking tubes. The diameters of sinking tubes and sinking piles are not larger than the inner diameter of hollow piles, and the depth of sinking tubes and piles exceeds the bottom of hollow piles. The problem of pile depth and tube extraction has formed a composite pile with upper and lower sections of cast-in-place piles or cast-in-place piles and prefabricated piles.
(b)可采用空心桩内直接浇筑钢筋混凝土至设定高度成桩，形成基坑支护的止水挡土墙。(b) Reinforced concrete can be directly poured into hollow piles to a set height to form piles to form a water-stop retaining wall for foundation pit support.
(c)可采用空心桩内沉入管桩，管桩与周围空隙用固化剂或减磨剂注满成桩，形成基坑支护的止水挡土墙，内可设支撑系统、外包隔膜的护筒，强度匹配，管桩与周围空隙用减磨剂注满，工程完工时，拔出管桩重复使用。(c) Hollow piles can be used to sink into pipe piles, and the pipe piles and surrounding spaces can be filled with curing agent or friction reducing agent to form a water-stop retaining wall for foundation pit support. The strength of the casing is matched, and the gap between the pipe pile and the surrounding area is filled with friction reducing agent. When the project is completed, the pipe pile is pulled out and reused.
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| CN103195077A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2013-07-10 | 中国水电顾问集团中南勘测设计研究院 | Dam foundation reinforcement frame structure and dam foundation reinforcement method |
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