CN102728601A - 生活垃圾全分类资源化处理工艺 - Google Patents
生活垃圾全分类资源化处理工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102728601A CN102728601A CN2011100949376A CN201110094937A CN102728601A CN 102728601 A CN102728601 A CN 102728601A CN 2011100949376 A CN2011100949376 A CN 2011100949376A CN 201110094937 A CN201110094937 A CN 201110094937A CN 102728601 A CN102728601 A CN 102728601A
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003473 refuse derived fuel Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004059 degradation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002393 scratching Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000996 additive Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000681094 Zingel asper Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001932 seasonal Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste
Abstract
生活垃圾全分类资源化处理工艺，涉及生活垃圾资源化综合利用领域，其主要工艺路线为：生活垃圾经均料器、大件分选(大件可燃物、无机物)、破袋机(划破塑料包装袋)、磁选机(选出磁性物质)、涡流分选机(选出有色金属物质)、人工分选后，进行破碎，送入湿解池，经轻物质分离机(选出纸张、塑料等物质)，然后粉碎。之后将混合有机物和渗滤液进行混合，然后进行沼气发酵，产生沼气。沼渣、沼液制成有机肥料。无机物制成建筑材料、可燃物制成衍生燃料(RDF)。真正做到了垃圾的减量化、无害化、资源化。
Description
生活垃圾全分类资源化处理工艺
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于固体废弃物资源化综合处理领域，是一种对生活垃圾按不同物类进行分选、收集、处理、利用工艺。
背景技术
[0002] 垃圾问题目前成为困扰世界各国的问题，随着城市化进程的加剧和人民生活水平的提高，生活垃圾的产生量日益增加，垃圾将是城市发展的负担，世界上许多城市均有过垃圾围城的局面。
[0003] 目前，城市垃圾常用的处理方式有：卫生填埋、焚烧、堆肥，这三种处理方法均有其 局限性，容易引起二次污染，因此，在垃圾处理过程中必须贯彻“减量化、资源化、无公害”的原则，充分回收垃圾中的资源和能源，减少垃圾的处置量。
[0004]目前，生活垃圾处理工艺最突出的问题是分选效果差，有机物利用低，回填物多，运行成本高。而国内外普遍使用的滚筒筛、振动筛等筛分设备，只能按垃圾的大小粒度进行分选，而面对成分复杂、混合堆存的垃圾处理却存在着诸多问题。又由于生活垃圾在不同季节、不同地区，其含水率差别较高，当含水率很高时上述设备的筛眼很容易被堵塞，而无法正常工作。
[0005] 采用生活垃圾全分类资源化处理工艺，可对生活垃圾中的各种物质进行分类、回收处理，充分利用垃圾的不同资源，再生为相应的产品，实现了循环利用。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明的目的是提供一种，投资少、功能全、适用不同季节、不同地区的生活垃圾处理工艺，该工艺解决了目前生活垃圾处理工艺中存在的问题，而且不产生二次污染，实现了生活垃圾资源化循环利用。
[0007] 本发明采用的技术方法如下：
[0008] 其特征在于（包括下列步骤):
[0009] (I)混装生活垃圾由运输车辆倾倒在集料间；
[0010] (2)由均料器把堆放的生活垃圾均匀地分布在输送带上，便于大件物的分选；
[0011] (3)由大件物分选将长度或宽度大于400mm物体，用机械设备或人工进行筛选，选出的木头、竹片、纺织物进入衍生燃料（RDF)工序；选出的大纸箱和大塑料，分别进入纸张和塑料打包工序；选出的砖瓦、石头、陶瓷等进入建筑材料生产工序；
[0012] (4)由破袋机将塑料包装袋破开，将包装物全部散开；
[0013] (5)由磁选机将垃圾中的金属磁性物体选出，打包后再利用；
[0014] (6)由涡流分选机将生活垃圾中的有色金属物体选出，打包后再利用；
[0015] (7)经人工分选将较大的砖石、可燃物、玻璃选出；
[0016] (8)由破碎机将剩余物全部破碎,进入湿解池,经搅拌将泥沙捞出进入建筑材料生产工序；将可燃物选出进入衍生燃料（RDF)生产工序，其它全部进入轻物质分离工序；[0017] (9)由轻物质分离器把混合液体中的轻物质和有机物进行分离，轻物质塑料、纸张分离出分别打包再利用，有机物分离出进入下道工序；
[0018] (10)由粉碎将有机物进一步粉碎，使其粒度达到沼气发酵对物料的要求；
[0019] (11)混合均料池是将粉碎后的有机物与渗滤液（废水）按比例混合均匀后进入沼气发酵工序；
[0020] (12)沼气发酵是将均匀后的有机物混合液进行厌氧发酵，产生清洁能源沼气，发酵后的沼渣、沼液进入有机肥生产工序；
[0021] (13)沼气净化是把沼气中的有害物质去除，得到纯净的沼气；
[0022] (14)沼气加压、加臭是对使用的沼气进行加压，同时加入臭气，供车辆或居民使
用。
[0023] (15)衍生燃料（RDF)是将可燃物破碎、磁选后，加入添加剂、经混合调质、挤压成型、烘干制成衍生燃料（RDF)，供锅炉或居民燃烧使用。
[0024] (16)建筑材料生产是将生活垃圾中选出的所有砖瓦、沙石、陶瓷等无机物经破碎、加入添加剂、混合调质、制成各种建筑材料。
[0025] (17)有机肥生产是将沼气发酵完的物料，经重金属去除后、固液分离、固体沼渣、加入添加剂、经混合调质、烘干、造粒制成固体有机肥料；液体加入添加剂经沼液复配，制成液体有机肥料。
[0026] (18)垃圾产生的气味和灰尘采用化学除臭与清水喷雾消除。
附图说明
[0027] 图I为本发明的工艺流程图
[0028] 该工艺流程图中已经标明工艺内容。
[0029] 具体实施方法
[0030] 首先从各垃圾储运点运回的混装生活垃圾卸在集料间内，由均料器将生活垃圾均匀地分布在板式输送机上，把分离出来的大件无机物、可燃物、废纸、塑料分别放入各自的通道。
[0031] 物料经板式输送机上方安装的破袋机、磁选机、涡流分选机，先将塑料包装袋破开，再将磁性金属、有色金属分选出来，进入压缩打包系统，打包后外销。
[0032] 物料经人工分选将未选出的玻璃、无机物、可燃物分选出来。
[0033] 将剩余的垃圾全部破碎，破碎成细小的颗粒，送入湿解池。
[0034] 然后经轻物质分离器将塑料和和废纸分离出来，进入压缩打包系统，打包后外销。
[0035] 有机物进一步粉碎后与垃圾产生的渗滤液混合，搅拌均匀后用泵打入沼气发酵系统，有机物经发酵产生沼气，通过净化装置，把净化后的沼气通过加压、加臭储存起来供用户使用。
[0036] 沼气发酵后的沼渣、沼液，用泵打入反应沉淀池内，池内加入重金属消除剂，除去重金属后，用固液分离机将沼渣和沼液分离开，沼渣加入添加剂烘干、造粒制成固体有机肥料。沼液加入添加剂复配后制成液体有机肥料。
[0037] 分选出来的可燃物，经破碎，磁选后，加入添加剂挤压成型，然后烘干，制成衍生燃料(RDF)。[0038] 分选出来的无机物，经破碎后，加入添加剂 ，制成各种建筑材料。
Claims (9)
1. 一种生活垃圾全分类资源化处理工艺，其特征在于： 混装生活垃圾由运输车辆倾倒在集料间，由均料器将生活垃圾均匀地分布在板式运送机上、分选出大件干扰物、由破袋机把塑料包装袋划破、经磁选机、涡流分选机选出磁性金属和有色金属、经人工分选把玻璃等未选尽的物料选出、再经破碎、湿解、轻物质分离后的有机物、用泵打入混合均料池中、然后经发酵产生沼气、沼气经净化、加压供用户使用。 分选出的砖瓦、沙石、陶瓷等经过破碎、混合调质、制成建筑材料； 分选出的木材、竹片、纺织物等可燃物体经破碎、磁选、混合调质、挤压成型、烘干制成衍生燃料（RDF)，替代煤炭； 分选出的金属物、塑料、纸张压缩打包后再利用； 分选出的玻璃打包后再利用； 产生沼气后的废物经重金属去除、固液分离后，沼渣经调质、烘干、造粒制成固体有机肥料；沼液经复配制成液体有机肥料。 对垃圾产生的气味和灰尘采用化学除臭与清水喷雾消除。
2.根据权利要求I所述的生活垃圾全分类资源化处理工艺，其特征在于：大件物是基于长度或宽度大于400mm以上的物体。
3.根据权利要求I所述的生活垃圾全分类资源化处理工艺，其特征在于：破碎机是组合破碎机，将所有生活垃圾破碎至10_以下。
4.根据权利要求I所述的生活垃圾全分类资源化处理工艺，其特征在于：破碎后的物体进入有液体介质的容器内，液体介质是水。
5.根据权利要求I所述的生活垃圾全分类资源化处理工艺，其特征在于：破碎后的物体进入有液体介质的容器内，液体介质是盐水。
6.根据权利要求I所述的生活垃圾全分类资源化处理工艺，其特征在于：轻物质分离器是由旋流体组成的分离装置。
7.根据权利要求I所述的生活垃圾全分类资源化处理工艺，其特征在于：粉碎是将有机物粉碎成5mm以下的颗粒。
8.根据权利要求I所述的生活垃圾全分类资源化处理工艺，其特征在于：混合均料池是将有机物和渗滤液按照固含率在8 %〜10 %的比例混合。
9.根据权利要求I所述的生活垃圾全分类资源化处理工艺，其特征在于：混合均料池装有搅拌装置，其转速为60rmp〜80rmp。
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