CN102703088B - A kind of alkaline land improving medicament and alkaline land improving afforestation and soil preparation method - Google Patents

A kind of alkaline land improving medicament and alkaline land improving afforestation and soil preparation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102703088B
CN102703088B CN201210161872.7A CN201210161872A CN102703088B CN 102703088 B CN102703088 B CN 102703088B CN 201210161872 A CN201210161872 A CN 201210161872A CN 102703088 B CN102703088 B CN 102703088B
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soil
alkaline land
land improving
afforestation
medicament
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CN102703088A (en
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温国胜
童再康
许基全
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Zhejiang A&F University ZAFU
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Zhejiang A&F University ZAFU
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40Afforestation or reforestation

Abstract

A kind of alkaline land improving medicament and alkaline land improving afforestation and soil preparation method, belongs to alkaline land improving technical field.It is characterized in that by acid rain water 55 85%, nutritional ingredient 12 36%, synergistic component 3 11% is constituted;Uniformly salt-soda soil is sprayed to after above-mentioned medicament is diluted, started to spray for the first time in 58 days before long-term cropping, horse back scarifying soil after sprinkling, then it is multiple every 2 days to handle once, coprocessing 24 times, chemicals treatment starts preparations for afforestation after finishing, and surface soil is made at similar apple-shaped knoll one by one, apple shape central concave and planted tree seedlings.A kind of above-mentioned alkaline land improving medicament and alkaline land improving afforestation and soil preparation method, the alkalescence of alkaline land soil is neutralized, the decomposition of nutrient is accelerated, P availability is improved, solves that salt-soda soil soil is thin, structure is poor, nursery stock survival rate is not high or is difficult to the problem survived.This method is simple and easy to do, medicament low production cost, excellent effect.

Description

A kind of alkaline land improving medicament and alkaline land improving afforestation and soil preparation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to saline and alkali land improvement method technical field, specially a kind of alkaline land improving medicament and alkaline land improving Afforestation and soil preparation method.
Background technology
Salt-soda soil is the general name of various solonchak and alkaline earth and different degrees of salinization and alkali-affected soil.According to joint state religion section Text tissue and food and agricultural organization's incomplete statistics, the area in whole world salt-soda soil is 9.54 hundred million hectares, and China is about 99,000,000 hectares, Wherein modern about 37,000,000 hectares of saline-alkali soil, about 45,000,000 hectares of remaining saline-alkali soil, potential 17,000,000 hectares of saline-alkali soil.It is saline and alkaline Ground is a part for China's important land resources.
Salt affected soil is a kind of low productive soil based on alkaline cause harm, and it is impregnated by solubility salt with salinized soil .Alkali-affected soil is typically free of or containing only a small amount of soluble organic fraction, and containing more exchangeable sodium, alkaline reaction compared with By force, very heavy is poisoned to crop, also there is solid column illuvium sometimes, make soil physical property severe exacerbation.Due to soil The accumulation of interior a large amount of salinities, causes a series of deterioration of soil physical properties:Structure is viscous, and aeration is poor, and unit weight is high, in soil temperature Rise slow, aerobic microorganism activity is poor in soil, water release is slow, and infiltration coefficient is low, capillarity is strong, more causes topsoil The saliferous aggravation of earth.The saline and alkaline harm to plant shows 4 aspects:1)Cause the physiological drought of plant:Contain in solonchak Excessive solubility salt, can improve the osmotic pressure of the soil liquid, so as to cause the physiological drought of plant, make root system of plant and kind Can not be from the enough moisture of soil absorption during son germination, or even moisture is also resulted in from root cells extravasation, make plant wilt even dead Die.2)Injure plant tissue:Soil salt content is too high, especially in arid season, and salt, which gathers table soil, to be damaged to plumular axis, It injures ability with sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, for maximum.Under high pH values, direct wound of the hydroxide ion to plant is also resulted in Evil.Gather excessive salt in some plants, and make plasm aggrieved, the synthesis of protein is seriously hampered, so as to cause The accumulation of nitrogenous intermediate metabolites, causes evil in cell.3)Plant normal nutrition is influenceed to absorb:Due to the competition of sodium ion, Reduce absorption of the plant to potassium, phosphorus and other nutrients, the transfer of phosphorus can be also suppressed, so as to influence the nutrition of plant Situation.4)The stomata of plant is influenceed to close:Under high concentration salts effect, the Starch formation in Stomacal guard cell is hindered Hinder, cause cell to close, therefore easily arid is withered for plant.People are long-standing for the research of alkaline land improving, I The saline alkali land area of state is wide, if salt-soda soil is used, and can significantly increase economic efficiency, phase is brought to country When considerable income, so we will greatly develop modified utilization for the characteristic in salt-soda soil.Put into practice in long-term production and living In, gradually form many effective technical measures.Salt-soda soil is improved, is on the one hand to exclude to have accumulated Salinity in soil, is on the other hand to prevent salinity from further running up in soil(That is the accumulation of salt in the surface soil).But the generation in salt-soda soil It is an extremely complex process with development, both by natural conditions, in terms of such as landforms, landform, soil, weather and hydrogeology The influence of factor, and by mankind's activity, such as Land-Use, agricultural cultivating mode, the influence of water engineering facility factor. Because the type of alkaline land soil is numerous and diverse, occurrence degree differs, and soil regime is different, wherein most active factor is soil reclaimed water Point, the motion of salinity, to improvement salt-soda soil add certain difficulty.
At present, alkaline land improving technical measures are mainly washed including site preparation method, Deep turning method of deep ploughing, method of hoing the fields, sand replacement method, draining Salt method, organic fertilizer method, chemical amendments and biological modification method etc..China is salinization of soil problem than more serious state Family, salinization of soil problem is always to influence a key factor of agricultural production.Reasonably to improve and utilize salinization of soil soil Earth, must just study its rule and feature, can just suit the remedy to the case, and take practicable ameliorative measure, and this part is considerable Reserved resources, be changed into preciousness land resource, be China agricultural sustainable development more contribute.
The content of the invention
In view of problems of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to design provide a kind of alkaline land improving medicament and The technical scheme of alkaline land improving afforestation and soil preparation method, its processing method is easy, and salt reduction effect is good, and nursery stock plantation survival rate is high.
Described a kind of alkaline land improving medicament, it is characterised in that be made up of the following components of weight percentage:Acid rain Water 55-85%, nutritional ingredient 12-36%, synergistic component 3-11%;Described acid rain water is that natural acid rainwater or laboratory are prepared Artificial acid rain water;Described nutritional ingredient is urea, copper sulphate, iron chloride, ammonium chloride, ferric sulfate, manganese sulfate, aluminium chloride, nitre One or more kinds of mixtures in sour calcium, zinc sulfate, calcium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, boric acid;Described synergistic component is planted to be rotten One or more kinds of mixtures in acid, methyl α-naphthyl acetate, vitamin C, citric acid, glacial acetic acid, heteroauxin, morphactin.
A kind of described alkaline land improving medicament, it is characterised in that:The weight content of acid rain water is 60-80%, preferably 65- 75%。
A kind of described alkaline land improving medicament, it is characterised in that:The weight content of nutritional ingredient is 15-30%, preferably 18-25%。
A kind of described alkaline land improving medicament, it is characterised in that:The weight content of synergistic component is 5-10%, preferably 6- 8%。
The improvement afforestation and soil preparation method of described alkaline land improving medicament, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1)It is prepared by alkaline land improving medicament:In proportion by acid rain water 56-83%, nutritional ingredient 12-36%, synergistic component 3- 11% uniform mixing, produces alkaline land improving medicament, standby;
2)Above-mentioned medicament is diluted to 200-500mg/L, salt-soda soil is uniformly sprayed to, spray dosage is every square of 50- 100g, started to spray for the first time, then horse back scarifying soil after sprinkling handled one again every 2 days in 5-8 days before long-term cropping Secondary, coprocessing 2-4 times, chemicals treatment starts preparations for afforestation after finishing, and whole surface soils are made into similar apple shape one by one The knoll of shape, each apple pier is long:It is wide:Height=0.6-1.0:0.8-1.0:Planted tree seedlings at 0.3-0.6, apple shape central concave, It is 0.4-0.8 meters to set planting depth.
Described alkaline land improving afforestation and soil preparation method, it is characterised in that step 2)In:The concentration of alkaline land improving medicament For 250-450mg/L, preferably 300-400mg/L.
Described alkaline land improving afforestation and soil preparation method, it is characterised in that step 2)In:Spray dosage is every square of 60- 90g, preferably every square 70-80g.
Described alkaline land improving afforestation and soil preparation method, it is characterised in that step 2)In:Each apple pier is long:It is wide:High= 0.7-0.9:0.85-0.95:0.4-0.5, preferably 0.75-0.8:0.88-0.90:0.45-0.48.
Described alkaline land improving afforestation and soil preparation method, it is characterised in that step 2)In:Tree planting depth is 0.5-0.7 Rice, preferably 0.55-0.6 meters.
A kind of above-mentioned alkaline land improving medicament and alkaline land improving afforestation and soil preparation method, using acid rain water as matrix, saline and alkaline Nutriment of a large amount of inputs rich in phosphorus, zinc, iron, magnesium, aluminium, manganese plasma mineral and trace element in ground, with a variety of synergy into Split-phase interaction, has on the one hand neutralized the alkalescence of alkaline land soil, on the other hand accelerates the decomposition of nutrient, and improve phosphorus has Effect property, solves that salt-soda soil soil is thin, structure is poor, nursery stock survival rate is not high or is difficult to the problem survived.The improvement afforestation and soil preparation side Method reduces the extent of injury in salt-soda soil, promotes and excites trees normal growth and development, adjusts the metabolism of trees, protection The injury that plant is caused from strong basicity and high salinity to it, maintains normal, the party of plant growth and Physiology and biochemistry each side Method is simple and easy to do, medicament low production cost, excellent effect.
In present specification in addition to being otherwise noted, remaining percentage composition is the weight percentage of pure material.
Embodiment
In conjunction with embodiments of the invention, beneficial effects of the present invention are further illustrated.
Embodiment 1
295kg natural acid rainwater, then slowly input 20kg urea, 20kg copper sulphate, 20kg are put into 500L stirred tanks Iron chloride, 30kg ammonium chlorides, 30kg ferric sulfate and 40kg boric acid, stir, then put into 5kg methyl α-naphthyl acetates, 8kg vitamin Cs, 8kg citric acids, 8kg glacial acetic acid, 8kg heteroauxins and 8kg morphactins, be uniformly mixed final products alkaline land improving Medicament.Above-mentioned medicament is diluted to 200mg/L, salt-soda soil is uniformly sprayed to, spray dosage is every square of 50g.Make in plantation Start within 5 days before thing to spray for the first time, horse back scarifying soil after sprinkling is then multiple every 2 days to handle once, coprocessing 2 times, medicament Start preparations for afforestation after being disposed, whole surface soils are made into similar apple-shaped knoll one by one(Apple pier), often Individual apple pier is long:It is wide:High=0.6:0.8:0.3 meter, plant tree seedlings at apple shape central concave, tree planting depth is 0.4 meter.
Embodiment 2
Put into the artificial acid rain water of 390kg into 500L stirred tanks, then slowly input 15kg manganese sulfates, 10kg aluminium chloride, 10kg calcium nitrate, 10kg zinc sulfate, 10kg calcium phosphate, 15kg magnesium sulfate and 10kg boric acid, stir, then put into 5kg corruption plants Acid, 5kg methyl α-naphthyl acetates, 5kg vitamin Cs, 5kg citric acids, 5kg heteroauxins and 5kg morphactins, be uniformly mixed it is final Product alkaline land improving medicament.Above-mentioned medicament is diluted to 300mg/L, salt-soda soil is uniformly sprayed to, spray dosage is often to put down Square 60g.Started to spray for the first time in 6 days before long-term cropping, horse back scarifying soil after sprinkling, it is then multiple every 2 days to handle once, Coprocessing 3 times, chemicals treatment starts preparations for afforestation after finishing, and whole surface soils are made into similar apple-shaped soil one by one Pier(Apple pier), each apple pier is long:It is wide:High=0.7:0.9:0.4 meter, plant tree seedlings at apple shape central concave, tree plantation is deep Spend for 0.5 meter.
Embodiment 3
200kg natural acids rainwater and the artificial acid rain water of 110kg, then slowly input 15kg urine are put into 500L stirred tanks Element, 15kg copper sulphate, 20kg iron chloride, 20kg ammonium chlorides, 10kg ferric sulfate, 10kg manganese sulfates, 10kg aluminium chloride, 10kg nitric acid Calcium, 10kg zinc sulfate, 10kg calcium phosphate, 10kg magnesium sulfate and 10kg boric acid, stir, then put into 5kg humic acids, 5kg naphthalenes Acetic acid, 5kg vitamin Cs, 5kg citric acids, 5kg glacial acetic acid, 5kg heteroauxins and 10kg morphactins, be uniformly mixed Final products alkaline land improving medicament.Above-mentioned medicament is diluted to 400mg/L, salt-soda soil is uniformly sprayed to, spray dosage is Every square of 70g.Started to spray for the first time in 7 days before long-term cropping, horse back scarifying soil after sprinkling, the then multiple processing every 2 days Once, coprocessing 3 times, chemicals treatment starts preparations for afforestation after finishing, and whole surface soils are made into similar apple shape one by one The knoll of shape(Apple pier), each apple pier is long:It is wide:High=0.8:1.0:0.5 meter, plant tree seedlings at apple shape central concave, set Planting depth is 0.6 meter.
Embodiment 4
375kg natural acid rainwater, then slowly input 10kg urea, 10kg copper sulphate, 10kg are put into 500L stirred tanks Iron chloride, 10kg aluminium chloride, 10kg calcium nitrate, 10kg zinc sulfate, 10kg calcium phosphate, 10kg magnesium sulfate and 10kg boric acid, stirring Uniformly, then 7kg humic acids, 7kg methyl α-naphthyl acetates, 7kg citric acids, 7kg glacial acetic acid and 7kg heteroauxins are put into, be uniformly mixed Final products alkaline land improving medicament.Above-mentioned medicament is diluted to 500mg/L, salt-soda soil, spraying medicament is uniformly sprayed to Measure as every square of 80g.Started to spray for the first time in 8 days before long-term cropping, horse back scarifying soil after sprinkling is then multiple every 2 days Handle once, coprocessing 4 times, chemicals treatment starts preparations for afforestation after finishing, and whole surface soils are made into similar apple one by one The knoll of fruit shape shape(Apple pier), each apple pier is long:It is wide:High=0.9:1.0:0.6 meter, tree is planted at apple shape central concave Seedling, tree planting depth is 0.7 meter.
Embodiment 5
The artificial acid rain water of 358kg, then slowly input 20kg urea, 10kg copper sulphate, 10kg are put into 500L stirred tanks Iron chloride, 10kg ammonium chlorides, 10kg ferric sulfate, 10kg manganese sulfates, 10kg calcium phosphate, 10kg magnesium sulfate and 10kg boric acid, stirring Uniformly, then 8kg humic acids, 8kg vitamin Cs, 8kg citric acids, 8kg glacial acetic acid and 10kg morphactins are put into, be uniformly mixed Final products alkaline land improving medicament.Above-mentioned medicament is diluted to 250mg/L, salt-soda soil, spraying medicament is uniformly sprayed to Measure as every square of 90g.Started to spray for the first time in 6 days before long-term cropping, horse back scarifying soil after sprinkling is then multiple every 2 days Handle once, coprocessing 3 times, chemicals treatment starts preparations for afforestation after finishing, and whole surface soils are made into similar apple one by one The knoll of fruit shape shape(Apple pier), each apple pier is long:It is wide:High=1.0:0.8:0.3 meter, tree is planted at apple shape central concave Seedling, tree planting depth is 0.8 meter.
Embodiment 6
150kg natural acids rainwater and the artificial acid rain water of 187kg are put into 500L stirred tanks, then slowly puts into 13kg sulfuric acid Copper, 13kg iron chloride, 13kg ammonium chlorides, 13kg ferric sulfate, 13kg manganese sulfates, 13kg aluminium chloride, 13kg calcium nitrate, 13kg sulfuric acid Zinc, 13kg calcium phosphate and 13kg magnesium sulfate, stir, then put into 11kg vitamin Cs, 11kg citric acids and 11kg glacial acetic acid, Be uniformly mixed final products alkaline land improving medicament.Above-mentioned medicament is diluted to 350mg/L, is uniformly sprayed to saline and alkaline Ground, spray dosage is every square of 100g.Started to spray for the first time in 7 days before long-term cropping, horse back scarifying soil after sprinkling, so It is multiple every 2 days afterwards to handle once, coprocessing 3 times, chemicals treatment starts preparations for afforestation after finishing, and whole surface soils are made into one Each and every one similar apple-shaped knoll(Apple pier), each apple pier is long:It is wide:High=1.0:1.0:0.6 meter, apple shape middle concave Planted tree seedlings at shape, tree planting depth is 0.4 meter.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are further illustrated below by way of experiment
Table 1 shows that embodiment 1-6 has preferably improvement corrective action, the medicament energy to the pH and soil salt content of soil Deep enough soil layer, reduces the injury that the alkalescence of saline-alkali soil is caused to crop, sapling, while the salt content of soil can be reduced, its Middle embodiment 1,2,4 preferably, take second place by embodiment 3,5,6.
Table 2 shows that embodiment 1-6 has preferable facilitation to wheat yield and biomass, reduces salt-soda soil to it The injury caused, wherein embodiment 2,3,6 preferably, embodiment Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, and 5 take second place.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of improvement afforestation and soil preparation method of use alkaline land improving medicament, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:1)It is saline and alkaline It is prepared by ground improvement medicament:The artificial acid rain water of 390kg, then slowly input 15kg manganese sulfates, 10kg chlorine are put into 500L stirred tanks Change aluminium, 10kg calcium nitrate, 10kg zinc sulfate, 10kg calcium phosphate, 15kg magnesium sulfate and 10kg boric acid, stir, then put into 5kg Humic acid, 5kg methyl α-naphthyl acetates, 5kg vitamin Cs, 5kg citric acids, 5kg heteroauxins and 5kg morphactins, be uniformly mixed Final products alkaline land improving medicament; 2)Above-mentioned medicament is diluted to 200-500mg/L, salt-soda soil, spray is uniformly sprayed to Dosage is every square of 50-100g, starts to spray for the first time in 5-8 days before long-term cropping, horse back scarifying soil after sprinkling, then often Every 2 days, once, coprocessing 2-4 times, chemicals treatment started preparations for afforestation after finishing, and whole surface soils are made into one for multiple processing Individual similar apple-shaped knoll, each apple pier is long:It is wide:Height=0.6-1.0:0.8-1.0:0.3-0.6, apple shape middle concave Planted tree seedlings at shape, tree planting depth is 0.4-0.8 meters.
2. alkaline land improving afforestation and soil preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2)In:Alkaline land improving medicine The concentration of agent is 250-450mg/L.
3. alkaline land improving afforestation and soil preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2)In:Spray dosage is Every square of 60-90g.
4. alkaline land improving afforestation and soil preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2)In:Each apple pier It is long:It is wide:Height=0.7-0.9:0.85-0.95:0.4-0.5.
5. alkaline land improving afforestation and soil preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2)In:Setting planting depth is 0.5-0.7 meters.
CN201210161872.7A 2012-05-23 2012-05-23 A kind of alkaline land improving medicament and alkaline land improving afforestation and soil preparation method Expired - Fee Related CN102703088B (en)

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