CN102701518B - Pretreatment system for organic domestic wastewater - Google Patents
Pretreatment system for organic domestic wastewater Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010840 domestic wastewater Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
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- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于污水处理技术领域，具体为一种有机污水的预处理系统。本发明预处理系统主要由污泥池、初沉池、软性填料池、硬质填料池、集水池串联组成。其中，初沉池为平流式沉淀池，内置污泥泵，间期排泥入污泥池；污泥池隔墙顶端设有通孔，上层清液自通孔流入初沉池；初沉池内上层清液依次排入软性填料池及硬质填料池，最后并入集水池内，达到预处理污水的效果。本发明采用碱性硬质填料，中和前期简单有机物产酸发酵过程中所产生的有机酸，提高整体废水的pH，减缓或隔断了污水产沼气阶段，有利于复杂有机物的水解；同时，运行路线为折流式，减少污水在池体中的死角，提升了厌氧设施的运行效率；本发明装置污水酸化水解效果好、效率高、投资省。
The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a pretreatment system for organic sewage. The pretreatment system of the present invention is mainly composed of a sludge tank, a primary sedimentation tank, a soft filler tank, a hard filler tank, and a water collection tank connected in series. Among them, the primary sedimentation tank is an advection sedimentation tank with a built-in sludge pump, and the sludge is discharged into the sludge tank at intervals; there is a through hole on the top of the partition wall of the sludge tank, and the supernatant liquid flows into the primary sedimentation tank from the through hole; The supernatant liquid is discharged into the soft packing tank and the hard packing tank in turn, and finally merged into the sump to achieve the effect of pretreatment of sewage. The present invention uses alkaline hard fillers to neutralize the organic acids produced in the early fermentation process of simple organic matter, improve the pH of the whole wastewater, slow down or cut off the biogas production stage of sewage, and is beneficial to the hydrolysis of complex organic matter; at the same time, the operation The route is baffle type, which reduces the dead angle of sewage in the pool body and improves the operating efficiency of anaerobic facilities; the sewage acidification and hydrolysis device of the present invention has good effect of sewage acidification and hydrolysis, high efficiency and low investment.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于污水处理技术领域，具体涉及一种利用污水沼气净化池作为污染物浓度较高的养殖废水、食品加工生产废水及有机生活污水等的预处理系统。 The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and in particular relates to a sewage biogas purification tank used as a pretreatment system for breeding waste water, food processing production waste water and organic domestic sewage with high pollutant concentration.
背景技术 Background technique
复杂有机物的厌氧生物降解过程主要包括水解、产酸发酵和产甲烷三个阶段，其中水解过程是将复杂的非溶解性的有机物质在产酸细菌胞外水解酶的作用下被转化为简单的溶解性单体或二聚体的过程。对于难降解或高分子有机物而言，这个过程通常较为缓慢，是该类有机物降解的限速阶段。 The anaerobic biodegradation process of complex organic matter mainly includes three stages: hydrolysis, acidogenic fermentation and methanogenesis, in which the hydrolysis process is to convert complex insoluble organic matter into simple process of soluble monomers or dimers. For refractory or high-molecular organic substances, this process is usually relatively slow, and it is the rate-limiting stage of the degradation of such organic substances.
现有对高浓度的有机废水前期处理主要是以厌氧发酵为主，产生的沼气可作为能源回用，沼渣沼液可作为肥料使用。而对有机质浓度较高的（例如，有机质浓度小于0.1%）养殖废水、食品加工生产废水及生活污水等废水，沼气回收的经济价值不足以抵消厌氧发酵所产生的费用，主要以生化反应进行处理。为降低废水中的COD含量，以酸化水解池或厌氧池为前期处理或预处理方法，通过延长水力停留时间的操作方式来进行复杂有机物的水解酸化。水力停留时间过长，建设投资成本加大，污水在池体内容易发酵产沼气或酸化严重，造成污水发臭；水力停留时间过短，不容易达到对复杂有机物的水解酸化的目的。 The existing pre-treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater is mainly based on anaerobic fermentation. The biogas generated can be reused as energy, and the biogas residue and biogas slurry can be used as fertilizer. For wastewater with high organic matter concentration (for example, organic matter concentration less than 0.1%), such as aquaculture wastewater, food processing wastewater, and domestic sewage, the economic value of biogas recovery is not enough to offset the cost of anaerobic fermentation, which is mainly carried out by biochemical reactions. deal with. In order to reduce the COD content in wastewater, the acidification hydrolysis tank or anaerobic tank is used as the pretreatment or pretreatment method, and the hydrolysis and acidification of complex organic matter is carried out by prolonging the operation mode of hydraulic retention time. If the hydraulic retention time is too long, the construction investment cost will increase, and the sewage will easily ferment in the tank to produce biogas or acidify severely, resulting in foul smell of sewage; if the hydraulic retention time is too short, it will not be easy to achieve the purpose of hydrolysis and acidification of complex organic matter.
本发明提及的一种污水沼气净化池结合了传统的沼气发酵的优点，只取发酵过程的水解酸化过程，打断沼气发酵过程，提升污水预处理效果，促进后期工艺对污水处理效果，具有污水酸化水解效果好、效率高、投资省等优点。 A sewage biogas purification pond mentioned in the present invention combines the advantages of traditional biogas fermentation, only takes the hydrolysis and acidification process in the fermentation process, interrupts the biogas fermentation process, improves the effect of sewage pretreatment, and promotes the effect of post-process on sewage treatment. The acidification and hydrolysis of sewage has the advantages of good effect, high efficiency and low investment.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是针对现有水解酸化池或厌氧池对复杂有机物水解酸化效果不明显，提供了污水酸化水解效果好、效率高、投资省的有机质生活废水的预处理系统。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pretreatment system for organic waste water with good sewage acidification and hydrolysis effect, high efficiency and low investment in view of the fact that the existing hydrolytic acidification tank or anaerobic tank has no obvious effect on hydrolysis and acidification of complex organic matter.
本发明提出的有机质生活废水的预处理系统，采用一种污水沼气净化池，整个池体为地下式，钢混或砖混结构，如图1所示。由污泥池1、初沉池2、软性填料池3、硬质填料池4、集水池5串联组成，顶端设检查口7，其中： The pretreatment system of organic domestic wastewater proposed by the present invention adopts a sewage biogas purification pond, and the whole pond body is underground, with a steel-concrete or brick-concrete structure, as shown in Figure 1 . It consists of a sludge tank 1, a primary sedimentation tank 2, a soft filler tank 3, a hard filler tank 4, and a water collection tank 5 connected in series, and an inspection port 7 is set at the top, of which:
所述的初沉池2为平流式沉淀池，靠近进水端底部设有泥斗，内置污泥泵，间期排放污泥入污泥池1。 The primary sedimentation tank 2 is an advection sedimentation tank, with a mud bucket near the bottom of the water inlet, and a built-in sludge pump, which discharges sludge into the sludge tank 1 at intervals.
所述的污泥池1隔墙顶端留有孔，上层清液自流入初沉池2，污泥池1内中段设有泥斗，内置污泥泵，多余污泥可并入沼气池内，进行发酵或单独处理。 There is a hole at the top of the partition wall of the sludge tank 1, and the supernatant liquid flows into the primary sedimentation tank 2. A mud bucket is provided in the middle section of the sludge tank 1, and a sludge pump is built in. The excess sludge can be incorporated into the biogas tank for further processing. Fermented or processed alone.
所述的软性填料池3可设置1个到5个，池内生长与附着大比表面积微生物，提高单位体积内的生物量。其主要作用是防止堵塞。 The soft filler pool 3 can be provided with 1 to 5, in which microorganisms with large specific surface area grow and attach to increase the biomass per unit volume. Its main function is to prevent clogging.
所述的硬质填料池4可设置1个到5个，硬质填料池4中放置硬质填料，所述硬质填料可采用碱性硬质填料，如炉渣、陶粒、青石及石灰石等，其主要作用在于中和前期简单有机物产酸发酵过程中所产生的有机酸，提高废水的pH，有利于复杂有机物的水解；硬质填料表面附着微生物，以利于提升池内单位体积的生物量，硬质填料具有过滤作用，有利于截留废水中的污染物质，促进废水的生物降解；同时，碱性物质的存在有利于废水主要污染物质磷的化学沉淀。 Described hard filler pool 4 can be provided with 1 to 5, and hard filler is placed in hard filler pool 4, and described hard filler can adopt alkaline hard filler, as slag, ceramsite, bluestone and limestone etc. , its main function is to neutralize the organic acids produced in the early fermentation of simple organic matter, increase the pH of the wastewater, and facilitate the hydrolysis of complex organic matter; the surface of the hard filler is attached to microorganisms, which is beneficial to increase the biomass per unit volume in the pool. The hard filler has a filtering effect, which is beneficial to intercept the pollutants in the wastewater and promote the biodegradation of the wastewater; at the same time, the presence of alkaline substances is beneficial to the chemical precipitation of phosphorus, the main pollutant of the wastewater.
初沉池2内上层清液依次排入软性填料池3及硬质填料池4，最后并入集水池5内，达到预处理污水的效果。 The supernatant liquid in the primary sedimentation tank 2 is discharged into the soft filler tank 3 and the hard filler tank 4 in turn, and finally merged into the sump 5 to achieve the effect of pretreatment of sewage.
所述的软性填料池3及硬质填料池4的污水运行路线为池底端往上往前推流，可有效防止堵塞。 The running route of the sewage in the soft packing pool 3 and the hard packing pool 4 is that the bottom of the pool is pushed upwards and forwards, which can effectively prevent blockage.
所述的软性填料池3及硬质填料池4旁边分别设有配水池8，软性填料池3及硬质填料池4通过配水池8进行配水。 The soft filler pool 3 and the hard filler pool 4 are respectively provided with a water distribution pool 8, and the soft filler pool 3 and the hard filler pool 4 are distributed through the water distribution pool 8.
所述的污水沼气净化池污水运行路线为折流式，减少污水在池体中的死角。 The running route of the sewage in the sewage biogas purification tank is a baffle type, which reduces the dead angle of the sewage in the tank body.
本发明中，若污水沼气净化池作为生态污水处理方法的预处理设施，如人工湿地、生态塘等，可在最后的硬质填料池4的配水池内设置曝气机进行微曝气，硬质填料可使用质地较轻的陶粒或其他生物多孔填料，可有效提高后续设施的效率，减小污水厌氧处理所散发的气味。 In the present invention, if the sewage biogas purification pond is used as the pretreatment facility of the ecological sewage treatment method, such as artificial wetlands, ecological ponds, etc., an aerator can be set in the water distribution pond of the final hard packing pond 4 for micro-aeration. The filler can use lighter ceramsite or other biological porous fillers, which can effectively improve the efficiency of subsequent facilities and reduce the odor emitted by anaerobic treatment of sewage.
本发明可用于污染物浓度较高的养殖废水、食品加工生产废水及生活污水等的预处理或初步处理。 The invention can be used for pretreatment or primary treatment of breeding wastewater, food processing wastewater and domestic sewage with high pollutant concentration.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明结构图示。 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
图中标号：1为污泥池，2为初沉池，3为软性填料池，4为硬质填料池，5为集水池，6为进水管，7为检查口，8为配水池。 Numbers in the figure: 1 is the sludge tank, 2 is the primary sedimentation tank, 3 is the soft packing tank, 4 is the hard packing tank, 5 is the water collection tank, 6 is the water inlet pipe, 7 is the inspection port, and 8 is the water distribution tank.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面通过实例详细说明本发明的步骤： The steps of the present invention are described in detail below by examples:
参照图1所示，装置采用钢混结构。 Referring to Figure 1, the device adopts a steel-concrete structure.
废水来源：农户散养奶牛排水、山间径流及生活污水混合体，水体呈黑色，有臭味，上层有浮渣。 Wastewater source: a mixture of drainage from free-range dairy cows, mountain runoff and domestic sewage. The water body is black and smelly, with scum on the upper layer.
本发明由污泥池1、初沉池2、两个软性填料池3、三个硬质填料池4、集水池5串联组成，顶端设检查口7，说明如下： The present invention consists of a sludge tank 1, a primary settling tank 2, two soft filler tanks 3, three hard filler tanks 4, and a water collection tank 5 connected in series, and an inspection port 7 is provided at the top, which is described as follows:
污水经污水管网收集及利用格栅除渣后从进水管6进入初沉池2，初沉池2为平流式沉淀池，靠近进水端底部留泥斗，内置污泥泵，间期排泥入污泥池1。初沉池2内上层清液排入与之相连的软性填料池3的配水池8内，软性填料的材料为醛化纤纶，状似水草，软性填料上端离液面为20cm，下端离池底为50cm。污水连续通过两个软性填料池3后并入与之相连的硬质填料池4内，三个硬质填料池4填充不同的硬质填料，按水流方向分别为青石、石灰石及陶粒池。硬质填料池4下端设置滤板，滤板悬空高度40cm，滤板上设厚度为10cm的卵石承托层及厚度为100cm硬质填料。污水连续通过三个硬质填料池4后并入集水池5内。通过提升泵进入下一工序段。污泥从初沉池2排入污泥池1中，污泥池1与初沉池2相邻的隔墙顶端留有通孔，上层清液自通孔流入初沉池2，污泥池1内中段设泥斗，内置污泥泵。初沉池2内污泥泵每周运行15分钟，污泥池1内污泥泵为每三个月运行一次，由吸泥车运送至填埋场进行填埋处理。 The sewage is collected through the sewage pipe network and slag is removed by the grid, and then enters the primary sedimentation tank 2 from the water inlet pipe 6. The primary sedimentation tank 2 is an advection sedimentation tank with a mud hopper near the bottom of the water inlet and a built-in sludge pump. Mud into the sludge tank 1. The supernatant liquid in the primary sedimentation tank 2 is discharged into the water distribution tank 8 of the soft filler tank 3 connected thereto. The material of the soft filler is aldehyde chemical fiber, which looks like water plants. The upper end of the soft filler is 20cm away from the liquid surface, and the lower end is 50cm away from the bottom of the pool. The sewage continuously passes through the two soft packing pools 3 and then merges into the hard packing pool 4 connected thereto. The three hard packing pools 4 are filled with different hard packing, which are bluestone, limestone and ceramsite pools according to the water flow direction. . A filter plate is arranged at the lower end of the hard packing pool 4, the filter plate is suspended at a height of 40 cm, and a pebble supporting layer with a thickness of 10 cm and a hard packing with a thickness of 100 cm are established on the filter plate. The sewage is merged into the sump 5 after passing through three hard packing pools 4 continuously. Enter the next process section through the lifting pump. The sludge is discharged from the primary sedimentation tank 2 into the sludge tank 1. There is a through hole on the top of the partition wall adjacent to the primary sedimentation tank 2. The supernatant flows into the primary sedimentation tank 2 through the through hole, and the sludge tank 1 There is a mud bucket in the middle section, and a built-in sludge pump. The sludge pump in the primary sedimentation tank 2 runs for 15 minutes every week, and the sludge pump in the sludge tank 1 runs every three months, and is transported to the landfill by the suction truck for landfill treatment.
由于本发明后续的处理过程采用的是生态处理办法，后续污水直接与大气接触，为加强后续污水生态处理设施的运行效率，在最后一个硬质填料池4（陶粒池）的配水池8内设置500w曝气机一台，每日运行3小时。 Because the follow-up treatment process of the present invention adopts an ecological treatment method, the follow-up sewage is directly in contact with the atmosphere, in order to strengthen the operating efficiency of the follow-up sewage ecological treatment facilities, in the water distribution pool 8 of the last hard packing pool 4 (ceramsite pool) Set up a 500w aerator and run it for 3 hours a day.
污水经过污水沼气净化池处理后，水体呈灰白色，无臭。通过水质监测可知，进水CODcr=805 mg/L，TN=67 mg/L，TP=9.7mg/L，从沼气污水净化池后出水：CODcr=536 mg/L，TN=54 mg/L，TP=8.5mg/L，水质得到了明显改善。 After the sewage is treated in the sewage biogas purification tank, the water body is off-white and odorless. Through water quality monitoring, it can be seen that the influent CODcr=805 mg/L, TN=67 mg/L, TP=9.7mg/L, and the effluent from the biogas sewage purification tank: CODcr=536 mg/L, TN=54 mg/L, TP=8.5mg/L, the water quality has been significantly improved.
具体技术参数： Specific technical parameters:
有效水深=2m，超高=40cm，水力损失=5cm，水力停留时间=72 h， Effective water depth = 2m, super height = 40cm, hydraulic loss = 5cm, hydraulic retention time = 72 h,
池容比：污泥池1:初沉池2:软性填料池3:硬质填料池4:集水池5=1:2:2:4:2，其中，两个软性填料池3池容相等，三个硬质填料池4顺水流方向池容比为1:1:2，配水池与相应的填料池容积比例为10:1。 Tank volume ratio: sludge tank 1: primary sedimentation tank 2: soft filler tank 3: hard filler tank 4: collection tank 5=1:2:2:4:2, of which, two soft filler tanks 3 pools The three hard packing pools 4 have a volume ratio of 1:1:2 in the direction of water flow, and the volume ratio of the distribution pool and the corresponding packing pool is 10:1.
Claims (3)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201210151658 CN102701518B (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2012-05-16 | Pretreatment system for organic domestic wastewater |
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| CN108689549A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2018-10-23 | 天津华水水务工程有限公司 | A kind of high-efficient carrier biological membrane type purifier |
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| RU2060963C1 (en) * | 1992-02-10 | 1996-05-27 | Хабаровский завод металлоконструкций | Method and apparatus for water purification |
| KR20040031894A (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-04-14 | 주식회사 아이이아이 | The Waste disposal system |
| CN201240971Y (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2009-05-20 | 茂名学院 | Integrated high-efficiency sewage water biochemical treatment apparatus |
| CN101628774A (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2010-01-20 | 北京师范大学 | Up-flow filter layer-floating bed water purification device |
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| RU2060963C1 (en) * | 1992-02-10 | 1996-05-27 | Хабаровский завод металлоконструкций | Method and apparatus for water purification |
| KR20040031894A (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-04-14 | 주식회사 아이이아이 | The Waste disposal system |
| CN201240971Y (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2009-05-20 | 茂名学院 | Integrated high-efficiency sewage water biochemical treatment apparatus |
| CN101628774A (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2010-01-20 | 北京师范大学 | Up-flow filter layer-floating bed water purification device |
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| 林志峰,陈华鼎.沼气技术在学校生活污水净化中的应用.《化学工程与装备》.2012,(第1期),162-164. * |
| 王永智.对更新净化沼气技术工艺处理生活污水的可行性研究.《阳光能源》.2009,(第6期),64-67. |
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