CN102694182A - Fuel cell electrode - Google Patents
Fuel cell electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN102694182A CN102694182A CN2011102170412A CN201110217041A CN102694182A CN 102694182 A CN102694182 A CN 102694182A CN 2011102170412 A CN2011102170412 A CN 2011102170412A CN 201110217041 A CN201110217041 A CN 201110217041A CN 102694182 A CN102694182 A CN 102694182A
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- porous metal
- metal structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8892—Impregnation or coating of the catalyst layer, e.g. by an ionomer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The present invention provides an electrode for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. In one embodiment, a planar nanoporous or microporous metal foam or metal aerogel structure is provided, from which an electrode with a catalyst layer integrally formed by fixing a catalyst in the metal foam or metal aerogel is formed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrode that is used for fuel cell.More specifically, the present invention relates to have the electrode of the pore structure of various sizes and distribution, in the running of fuel cell, it keeps appropriate catalyst layer and pore structure.
Background technology
Fuel cell is the device that produces electricity, and it becomes electric energy with the chemical energy of fuel through electrochemical conversion in fuel battery, rather than through burning the chemical energy of fuel is changed into heat.Fuel cell not only can be for industry, family and vehicle provide power, can also be used to small-sized electric/electronic product provides power, particularly, for mancarried device provides power.
Current, have high power density polymer dielectric film fuel cell (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells, PEMFCs) as the power supply source that is used for powered vehicle by research widely.Because operating temperature is low, the start-up time of PEMFCs is fast, and the power conversion response time is fast.
This polymer dielectric film fuel cell comprises: and membrane electrode assembly (Membrane-Electrode Assembly, MEA), it has the catalyst electrode of the both sides that are connected polymer dielectric film, and hydrogen ion moves through this electrode; Gas diffusion layers (GDL), reacting gas and be used to transmit the electric energy of generation is used for distributing equably; Pad (gaskets) and binding parts are used to keep the air-tightness of reacting gas and cooling water and suitable binding pressure; And bipolar plates, it allows reacting gas and cooling water to move.
When using this element cell to come fuel cell stacked in assembled, the combination of membrane electrode assembly and gas diffusion layers is positioned at its innermost part as critical piece.Membrane electrode assembly comprises catalyst electrode layer, promptly on two surfaces of polymer dielectric film, scribbles the negative electrode and the anode of catalyst, and it allows hydrogen (fuel) and oxygen (oxidant) to react to each other.In addition, gas diffusion layers and pad are stacked in the outside of negative electrode and anode.
On the other hand; When membrane electrode assembly was made on through two surfaces that catalyst electrode are attached to polymer dielectric film, for example decal transfer method (decal transfer method), silk screen print method (screen print method), brush method (brush method), ink jet printing method (inkjet method) and spray-on process were controlled through the membrane electrode assembly manufacture method for the catalyst layer structure of catalyst electrode and core texture (core structure).
Current, the method that can be used for producing in a large number membrane electrode assembly is limited to decal transfer method and silk screen print method.The decal transfer method comprises the steps: catalyst slurry is coated on the surface of release film, and is then that catalyst slurry is dry, to form catalyst electrode layer; The release film that will have catalyst layer is stacked in two surfaces of dielectric film; With use pressure sintering catalyst layer to be transferred to two surfaces of dielectric film.
In the mass-produced method that is suitable for that is used for making membrane electrode assembly, catalyst layer structure and the pore structure of using pore creating material (pore former) to come the control catalyst electrode.Yet, when removing pore creating material, have difficulties.
In removing the process of pore creating material with an organic solvent or heat treatment influence other ratio of component such as catalyst, and elapsed time.
In typical catalyst electrode structure; Catalyst is fixed on the carbon carrier (support); Because carbon carrier corrodes because of the long-play of fuel cell, catalyst layer structure and pore structure can be out of shape, and the corrosion of carbon carrier and the infringement of burning can cause the loss of active platinum catalyst.
Using the gas diffusion layers of being made up of carbon fiber to approach in the method for catalyst layer with load as electrode, because catalyst layer is different with the aperture of electrode (gas diffusion layers), there is restriction in the mobility of material (mobility).
In addition, between catalyst layer and electrode (gas diffusion layers), also there is the restriction of the excessive and interfacial separation (interface separation) of interface resistance (interface resistance).Although attempting improving the mobility of material and interface resistance being minimized, still in the water-wet behavior of controlling microporous layers and pore structure, have difficulties through the catalyst layer that uses microporous layers.
Above-mentionedly only be used to strengthen understanding, so it possibly contain the information that is not formed in the prior art that this state those of ordinary skills have known to background of the present invention in the disclosed information of this background technology part.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides method and this fuel cell electrode of making the electrode that is used for fuel cell.More specifically; The present invention relates to be used to make the method for electrode; Said electrode has the pore structure of various sizes and distribution, in the running of fuel cell, keeps appropriate catalyst layer and pore structure, and easily control catalyst layer structure and pore structure.
On the one hand, the present invention provides the method for making the electrode that is used for polymer dielectric film fuel cell, and it comprises: plane nano hole or micropore metal foam or metal aeroge structure are provided; With form electrode through catalyst being fixed in metal foam or the metal aeroge with integrally formed catalyst layer.
In the execution mode of example description, provide plane nano hole and micropore metal foam or metal aeroge structure to comprise: formation has wide-aperture metal foam or metal aeroge; Form relatively little metal foam or the metal aeroge in aperture; The metal foam or the metal aeroge alternated that will have different apertures; Be slit into planar structure with metal foam that will pile up or metal aeroge side cut, have the metal foam or the metal aeroge in various apertures with formation.
In the execution mode of another example description, metal foam or metal aeroge can have gas and mobile therein open bore structure and the mobile therein metal connecting structure of electronics of liquid.
In the execution mode of another example description again, this method may further include to electrode injects ion-conductive material.
Others of the present invention and preferred implementation are discussed hereinafter.
Description of drawings
Come at length to explain above-mentioned and further feature of the present invention referring now to some exemplary of the present invention, it illustrates in appended accompanying drawing, and these embodiments that hereinafter provides only are used for explanation, is not limitation of the present invention therefore, wherein:
Fig. 1 is that example description has than the less relatively metal foam of the metal foam of macroporous structure or metal aeroge and pore structure or the figure of metal aeroge.
Fig. 2 is an example description according to the figure of the manufacturing approach of the metal foam of various apertures of having of exemplary embodiment of the invention and distribution or metal aeroge planar structure;
The figure of the method for Fig. 3 modularization electrode that to be example description have integrally formed catalyst layer according to the use metal foam or the manufacturing of metal aeroge of exemplary embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the figure of the pore structure of the electrode made according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention of example description;
Fig. 5 modularization electrode that to be example description be formed with catalyst layer according to the use metal foam or the metal aeroge integral body of exemplary embodiment of the invention is used for the figure of the method for membrane electrode assembly.
Be to be understood that appended accompanying drawing is not must be pro rata, it has explained the representative of simplifying to a certain extent of the various preferred features of basic principle of the present invention.The disclosed concrete design feature of the present invention of this paper comprises, for example, concrete size, direction, position and shape will depend in part on concrete set purposes and environment for use.
In the accompanying drawings, Reference numeral refers to identical or equivalent elements of the present invention in the whole text in several figure.
Embodiment
Below will be at length with reference to each execution mode of the present invention, embodiment is illustrated in the drawings, and explains hereinafter.Although the present invention will combine illustrative embodiments to describe, should be appreciated that this specification has no intention to limit the invention to these illustrative embodiments.On the contrary, the present invention not only will be contained these illustrative embodiments, also will contain various substitute modes, variation pattern, equivalent way and other execution mode, and it all can be included within the spirit and scope of the present invention of accompanying claims qualification.
In addition; Term used herein " vehicle (vehicle) ", " automobile-used " or other similar terms are understood to include common motor vehicles; Passenger carrying vehicle for example; Comprise SUV (SUV), bus, truck, various commerial vehicle, comprise the water carrier of various ships and boats and ships, airborne vehicle and analog; And comprise motor vehicle driven by mixed power, motor vehicle, plug-in type (plug-in) hybrid electric vehicle, hydrogen-powered vehicle and other alternative fuel vehicle (for example, being derived from the fuel of the resource beyond the oil).As described herein, motor vehicle driven by mixed power is the vehicle with two kinds or more kinds of power sources, for example petrol power and electric-powered.
Hereinafter will be elaborated to illustrative embodiments of the present invention with reference to appended accompanying drawing, make those skilled in the art to implement at an easy rate.
The invention is characterized in, use the metal foam in hole or metal aeroge to come integrally to form electrode with catalyst layer as the load main body (also being electrode body) of keeping the structure in catalyst layer and hole with nanometer or micron-scale.
The technology that is used to make nano-pore metal foam or metal aeroge grows up recently; The present invention relates to use metal foam or metal aeroge to make the method for catalyst electrode as the load main body, this catalyst electrode can be kept the structure and the distribution in the hole that is suitable for the polymer dielectric film fuel cell operation.
Manufacturing approach of the present invention can comprise the steps: to provide planar metal foam with nano-pore or microcellular structure or metal aeroge and make the modularization electrode with integrally formed catalyst layer in metal foam or the metal aeroge through catalyst is fixed on.
Illustrated example among Fig. 1 has been explained metal foam 2a or the metal aeroge (in Fig. 1 (a)) that has than macroporous structure; And less relatively metal foam 2b or the metal aeroge of pore structure; The two is commonly referred to " metal foam 2 or metal aeroge ", or abbreviates " porous metal structure " as.
The aperture that is used for the catalyst electrode needs of fuel cell is porous metal foam 2 or the metal aeroge of about 1nm to about 100 μ m, can use the metallic plate 1 that is formed by the for example element of Pd, Ni, Ti, Fe, Cu, Pt and Au to make.Using the element of for example Pd, Ni, Ti, Fe, Cu, Pt and Au to make the aperture can comprise combustion synthesis method and expand (self-ropagating) high-temperature synthesis certainly to the example of the method for the metal foam of about 100 μ m or metal aeroge for about 1nm.
Also can use the method that manufacturing porous metal foam or metal aeroge are used; For example; Contain the metallic plate of two kinds or more kinds of metals or have a kind of or more kinds of metal and be mixed with the metallic plate of pore former through formation, then from wherein removing a kind of or more kinds of material.
In the manufacture process of metal foam and metal aeroge, can use various pore structure control technologys, therefore can the manufacturing hole structure and the typical similar metal foam or the metal aeroge of catalyst electrode of polymer dielectric film fuel cell.
In the metal foam or metal aeroge made through said method; Most of holes can exist with the form of open bore; Wherein each hole interconnects allowing gas and liquid to move, and the size in hole and distribution can be similar with distribution with the size in the hole of the catalyst electrode of typical polymer dielectric film fuel cell.
In this case, also can be applied in the oxidized following metal foam or the metal aeroge that exists of state of part or whole surface in hole.
Similar with typical catalyst electrode; The metal foam 2 or the metal aeroge that use in the present invention must have pore structure, the discharge of the electronics that it is convenient to be used for the moving of reacting gas hydrogen (fuel) and air (oxidant) (referring to Fig. 1 (b)) of electrochemical reaction (referring to Fig. 1 (c)), produce in reaction and the mobile and water of ion.
In addition, metal foam 2 or metal aeroge have easily the open bore structure through liquids and gases, and the electronics metal structure that can move therein.Thereby, be suitable for using the aperture to be porous metal foam or the metal aeroge of about 1nm to about 100 μ m.
Similar with the catalyst electrode that typically is used for fuel cell, if desired, be suitable for using having and can inject porous metal foam or the metal aeroge that ionomer is the metal structure of ion-conductive material.
Fig. 2 is the figure of the manufacturing approach of the example description metal foam with various apertures and distribution or metal aeroge planar structure according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
For planar metal foam or the metal aeroge structure of making the hole that is mixed with various sizes; As shown in Figure 1; Can make the planar metal foam 2a or the metal aeroge that have than macropore, and can less relatively planar metal foam 2b or the metal aeroge of manufacturing hole.Afterwards, can planar metal foam 2a and plane metal foam 2b alternately be piled up, can pass through shear 3 lateral shears then, to have certain thickness planar structure.
The example of method that is used to make the metal foam of the pore structure with various nanometers or micron-scale can comprise powder sintering, through adding for example argon gas plavini of argon gas (argon gas expansion method) and preform homogenate autofrettage (preformed slurry manufacturing method).Also can use above-mentioned metal foam manufacturing approach.
When the stacked body of side cut cutting plane metal foam 2a and plane metal foam 2b, can make and have than macropore with than the planar metal foam or the metal aeroge of aperture.
In the process of piling up, the example that is used for the method for bond foam and metal aeroge can comprise the method for pressure sintering, typical pressure application and use adhesive layer.
Therefore, through using various one or more metal materials, can make metal foam or metal aeroge with various apertures and distribution.
Afterwards, can make the modularization electrode that uses metal foam 2 and 2a to 2c or metal aeroge integral body to be formed with catalyst layer.In this case, can use the known method that forms catalyst material and catalyst layer.In this case, can variety of methods, wherein inject synthetic catalyst to metal foam and metal aeroge, perhaps catalyst is directly synthetic or be coated on the surface of metal foam or metal aeroge.
The figure of the method for Fig. 3 modularization electrode that to be example description have integrally formed catalyst layer according to the use metal foam or the manufacturing of metal aeroge of exemplary embodiment of the invention;
Example as the method that is used to form catalyst layer (Fig. 3 (a)); Can be with on the Pt catalyst granule of counting nanometer size or platinum alloy catalyst particle coated and the surface that is deposited on metal foam 2 and 2a to 2c or metal aeroge, can be as the catalyst layer of typical polymer dielectric film fuel cell.
In optional in addition method, catalyst can be synthetic through typical platinum or platinum alloy catalyst particle synthetic method, and wherein the precursor with platinum or platinum alloy catalyst is melted in the organic or inorganic solvent, then reduction.Having the inboard that the modularization electrode of integrally formed catalyst layer can be through being placed in synthetic catalyst metal foam or metal aeroge or the outside or both sides makes.
The modularization electrode that is coated with film catalyst can be through following method manufacturing: will part or whole metal foam or metal aeroge be positioned over be melted in the solution that the organic or inorganic solvent makes through precursor with platinum or platinum alloy catalyst after, use the manufacturings of electrochemical deposition method (Fig. 3 (b)) or electroless plating method (electroless plating method).
The modularization electrode that is coated with platinum or platinum alloy catalyst can use the sputtering method manufacturing (Fig. 3 (c)) that is used for metal foam or metal aeroge.
In order to make the ion gliding smoothing, can inject ion-conductive material to the modularization electrode that uses one of said method to make, to accomplish the electrode of the function that can implement the polymer dielectric film fuel cell catalyst layer.
Fig. 4 is the figure of the pore structure of the electrode made according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention of example description.As an example, nickel or titanium foam, platinum catalyst and have been shown as the ionomeric use of ion-conductive material.
As stated, have integral form (integral form) because catalyst and electrode can manufacture, interface therebetween can minimize, and can use various catalyst and metal material, to have the pore structure of various sizes.
Therefore, in electrode manufacturing method,, can keep appropriate catalyst layer and pore structure owing to use nano-pore or micropore metal foam or metal aeroge according to embodiment of the present invention.Simultaneously, can make the electrode with integrally formed catalyst layer, it has various apertures and distribution, and is convenient to the structure in control catalyst layer and hole.
Fig. 5 modularization electrode that to be example description be formed with catalyst layer according to the use metal foam or the metal aeroge integral body of exemplary embodiment of the invention is used for the figure of the method for membrane electrode assembly.
In order to make the membrane electrode assembly that polymer dielectric film fuel cell is used with the electrode that uses metal foam and metal aeroge; Can variety of methods; Such as pressure sintering; And can insert adhesive phase extraly, to improve the interface stability at impedance microminiaturization (improve the resistance miniaturization) and metal-polymer interface.
Shown in the left figure of Fig. 5, combine with the electrode that uses metal foam or metal aeroge such as fluorine class or hydro carbons dielectric film in order to make polymer dielectric film, with electrode, dielectric film and electrode sequence stack, combine through hot pressing then.The impedance (resistance) that produces when therefore, moving on the interface of ion between dielectric film and electrode just can minimize.
In addition alternatively, shown in the right figure of Fig. 5, can between polymer dielectric film and electrode, be provided with tack coat.Therefore, interface impedance is minimized, and can improve interface stability.
Manufacturing approach according to the electrode that is used for fuel cell; The nano-pore or micropore metal foam or the metal aeroge that have integrally formed catalyst layer through manufacturing; Electrode with hole of various sizes and distribution can be kept appropriate catalyst layer and pore structure continuously in the running of fuel cell; That is, be convenient to moving and the structure of the discharging of water of the moving of reacting gas, electronics and ion.In addition, catalyst structure and pore structure also can easily be controlled.
The present invention specifies with reference to its preferred implementation.Yet, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that and can under the situation that does not depart from principle of the present invention and spirit, change that scope of the present invention is limited appended claim and equivalent way thereof to these execution modes.
Claims (16)
1. a manufacturing is used for the method for the electrode of polymer dielectric film fuel cell, and it comprises:
The plane porous metal structure is provided; With
Through being fixed on, catalyst forms electrode in the porous metal structure of said plane with integrally formed catalyst layer.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein said plane porous metal structure is selected from nano-pore metal structure and micropore metal structure.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein said plane porous metal structure is selected from metal foam structures and metal aeroge structure.
4. the method for claim 1, the wherein said plane porous metal structure that provides comprises the steps:
Formation has the wide-aperture first plane porous metal structure;
Form the second relatively little plane porous metal structure of aperture;
With said first plane porous metal structure and the said second plane porous metal structure alternated; With
Said first plane porous metal structure and the said second plane porous metal structure side cut are slit into planar structure, have the plane porous metal structure in various apertures with formation.
5. the method for claim 1, wherein said plane porous metal structure have to be arranged to allow the open bore structure that gas and liquid moves and to be arranged to the metal connecting structure that allows electronics to move.
6. the method for claim 1, it further comprises to said electrode and injects ion-conductive material.
7. system that is used to make the electrode that is used for polymer dielectric film fuel cell, it comprises:
Be used to provide the device of plane porous metal structure; With
Be used for through catalyst being fixed on the device that the plane porous metal structure forms the electrode with integrally formed catalyst layer.
8. system as claimed in claim 7, wherein said plane porous metal structure is selected from nano-pore metal foaming structure; Micropore metal foaming structure, nano-pore metal aeroge structure; With micron mesoporous metal aeroge structure.
9. system as claimed in claim 7 wherein saidly is used to provide the device of plane porous metal structure to comprise:
Be used to form device with wide-aperture first plane porous metal structure;
Be used to form the device of the second relatively little plane porous metal structure of aperture;
Be used for device with said first plane porous metal structure and the said second plane porous metal structure alternated; With
Be used for said first plane porous metal structure and the said second plane porous metal structure side cut are slit into planar structure has the plane porous metal structure in various apertures with formation device.
10. system as claimed in claim 7, it further comprises the device that is used for injecting to said electrode ion-conductive material.
11. an electrode that is used for polymer dielectric film fuel cell, it comprises:
The plane porous metal structure; With
Through catalyst being fixed on integrally formed catalyst layer in the porous metal structure of said plane.
12. electrode as claimed in claim 11, wherein said plane porous metal structure is selected from nano-pore metal structure and micropore metal structure.
13. electrode as claimed in claim 11, wherein said plane porous metal structure are selected from metal foam structures and metal aeroge structure.
14. electrode as claimed in claim 11, wherein said plane porous metal structure comprises:
The first plane porous metal structure of alternated and the second plane porous metal structure; The said first plane porous metal structure has big aperture; The said second plane porous metal structure has relatively little aperture; Wherein said first plane porous metal structure and the said second plane porous metal structure are slit into planar structure by side cut, have the plane porous metal structure in various apertures with formation.
Be configured to allow the open bore structure that gas and liquid moves and be configured to the metal connecting structure that allows electronics to move 15. electrode as claimed in claim 11, wherein said plane porous metal structure have.
16. electrode as claimed in claim 11, it further comprises the ion-conductive material of injection.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020110025067A KR101714061B1 (en) | 2011-03-21 | 2011-03-21 | Method for manufacturing electrode for fuel cell |
| KR10-2011-0025067 | 2011-03-21 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102694182A true CN102694182A (en) | 2012-09-26 |
| CN102694182B CN102694182B (en) | 2017-04-12 |
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| CN201110217041.2A Active CN102694182B (en) | 2011-03-21 | 2011-07-22 | Fuel cell electrode |
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| US (1) | US9203093B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101714061B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102694182B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114094152A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2022-02-25 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Electrode for membrane electrode assembly and method of manufacturing the same |
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| WO2012158813A1 (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2012-11-22 | Hauser Ray L | Cross-linked, microporous polysulfone battery electrode separator |
| EP2690693A1 (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2014-01-29 | Paul Scherrer Institut | High-surface carrier-free catalyst for electrochemical processes and method for its production |
| KR102141881B1 (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2020-08-06 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | Nanostructured electrode for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, and method for manufacturing the same |
| JP6563469B2 (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-08-21 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Electrode bonding method and electrode bonding apparatus |
| CN110783574A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-02-11 | 江苏大学 | Direct alcohol fuel cell gas diffusion electrode and preparation method thereof and direct alcohol fuel cell |
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| CN102694182B (en) | 2017-04-12 |
| KR101714061B1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
| US9203093B2 (en) | 2015-12-01 |
| KR20120107397A (en) | 2012-10-02 |
| US20120244457A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
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