CN102688966A - Cold forging method and metal housing processing method - Google Patents
Cold forging method and metal housing processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102688966A CN102688966A CN2011100713486A CN201110071348A CN102688966A CN 102688966 A CN102688966 A CN 102688966A CN 2011100713486 A CN2011100713486 A CN 2011100713486A CN 201110071348 A CN201110071348 A CN 201110071348A CN 102688966 A CN102688966 A CN 102688966A
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Abstract
The invention provides a cold forging method and a metal housing processing method. The cold forging method comprises steps of performing anodic oxidation treatment to the metal material surface so as to obtain an anode oxide film; enabling the anode oxide film to adsorb a lubricant, forging and pressing the metal material absorbed with the lubricant, and removing the anode oxide film. The damage of a mold in the cold forging process is greatly reduced by the method, and the products prepared by the method are excellent in appearance without scratching.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hardware cold forging method and metal shell processing method, especially the processing method of aluminium alloy element cold forging method and aluminium alloy handset shell.
Background technology
The electronic product of metal shell can bring beyond challenge visual impact sense, has feel exquisiteness, wear-resisting, shatter-resistant, advantage such as anticorrosive simultaneously, and extremely the consumer praises highly all the time, represents the developing direction of high-end electronic product.
What precision parts such as the phone structural of present domestic complicacy mainly adopted is pressure casting method.But this series products has following several big shortcoming: (1) die casting requires raw material to have excellent flowing property, has so just limited the material model of using; (2) die casting rough surface, appearance poor; (3) there are bubble, sand holes in the die casting surface.
In order to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, the cold forging method has appearred in the prior art.Cold forging is to the processing and forming below the material recrystallization temperature, is the forging of below recovery temperature, carrying out.Custom calls cold forging not heating the forging that blank carries out in the production.The cold forging material mostly is less, the plasticity of resistance of deformation aluminium and alloy, copper and alloy thereof, mild steel, medium carbon steel, low-alloy structural steel etc. preferably under the room temperature.Cold forging spare surface quality is good, and dimensional accuracy is high, can replace some cut.Cold forging can make metal strengthening, improves the intensity of part.
In phone structural cold forging field, the lubricating system of employing mainly contains direct employing forging and pressing oil lubrication and epithelium lubricates two kinds at present.Directly adopt forging and pressing oil perhaps to adopt the mode of epithelium; Outward appearance is general; And since adopt epithelium can not play the effect at the wedge angle position of protection mould with forging and pressing oil, so die life is unsatisfactory, even the special little product of some wedge angle; Mould can only be done few products, has had a strong impact on the production of product; In addition, when adopting these two kinds of lubricating systems, substrate surface is softer, is easy in forming process and material transport process, produce embossing and causes product bad.
Summary of the invention
Big in order to overcome in the prior art cold forging method to the damage of mould; The unfavorable problem of product appearance the invention provides a kind of cold forging method, can reduce in the cold forging process damage to mould greatly through this method; And the product appearance through this method preparation is excellent, no scratch.
Cold forging method disclosed by the invention comprises carries out anodized to metal material surface, obtains anode oxide film; Make anode oxide film adsorpting lubrication liquid then, again the metal material behind the adsorpting lubrication liquid is forged and pressed, and the stripping anode oxide film.
Simultaneously, the invention also discloses a kind of processing method of metal shell, comprise metal material is carried out cold forging processing, polishing and plated film, wherein, the method that said cold forging is handled is above-mentioned cold forging method.
Inventor of the present invention finds through a large amount of experiments; In actual forging and pressing process; When employing epithelium of the prior art was lubricated with the method that applies forging and pressing oil, effect was also bad, especially when metal material in the forging and pressing process produces bending; The lubricant effect at wedge angle position is poor, serious wearing and tearing mould.Among the present invention, through forming earlier the anode oxide film of porous at metal material surface, and in this anode oxide film adsorpting lubrication liquid.On the one hand, active force is applied on the anode oxide film in the forging and pressing process, greatly reduces the probability that metal material surface is produced scratch; Importantly, in the forging and pressing process, metal material generation bending, particularly wedge angle position can produce stress and concentrate, and because the existence of anode oxide film, stress is well transferred on the anode oxidation membrane, greatly reduces the probability of grinding tool cracking; And the lubricating fluid that adsorbs in the anode oxide film is extruded and oozes out, and it is lubricated that metal material and mould are produced secondary, greatly reduces the damage to mould.
The specific embodiment
Clearer for technical problem, technical scheme and beneficial effect that the present invention is solved, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explanation the present invention, and be not used in qualification the present invention.
Cold forging method disclosed by the invention comprises carries out anodized to metal material surface, obtains anode oxide film; Make anode oxide film adsorpting lubrication liquid then, again the metal material behind the adsorpting lubrication liquid is forged and pressed, and the stripping anode oxide film.
Said method can be used for the lubricated of various forging and pressing processes, particularly better to the lubricant effect in the various electronic product casing process.Under the preferable case, above-mentioned forging method comprises the metal material behind the adsorpting lubrication liquid is carried out rough forge, obtains thick embryo; Thick embryo is carried out carrying out finish forge again after the solution treatment, carry out Ageing Treatment then.
Method disclosed by the invention can be handled various metal materials.Under the preferable case, be used to prepare electronic product casing, can adopt aluminium alloy.
The method of said anodized can only need to form at metal material surface the anode oxide film of one deck porous for commonly known in the art.Among the present invention, under the preferable case, said anode oxidation method is: under 20-25 ℃ temperature, with voltage 20-25V, current density is that 1-2A/dm2 handles 5-10min in electrolyte.In the said method, through higher voltage, metal material surface forms the dense porous anode oxide film that one deck is fit to lubricating fluid absorption more.Better guarantee in the forging and pressing process,, play lubricated effect because the effect of pressure is oozed out lubricating fluid from the hole of anode oxide film.
In the above-mentioned anodized, electrolyte can be selected existing various electrolyte for use, and under the preferable case, said electrolyte is selected from one or more in the aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, chromic acid and oxalic acid.More preferably said electrolyte is the aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, and said sulfuric acid concentration is 13-16wt%, and phosphoric acid concentration is 2-10wt%.
Through above-mentioned processing, can form effective anode oxide film at metal material surface, under the preferable case, through the control anodizing time, making the thickness of the anode oxide film that forms at metal material surface is 5-15um, more helps the absorption of lubricating fluid and oozes out.
According to the present invention,, need make to adsorb in the anode oxide film that obtains and go up lubricating fluid through after the anodized.Wherein, the method for adsorpting lubrication liquid does not require in anode oxide film, can adopt the method for various routines, for example can be immersed in the metal material that the surface has an anode oxide film in the lubricating fluid or at anode oxide film surface-coated lubricating fluid.
Among the present invention, said lubricating fluid can adopt various lubricating fluid of the prior art, and under the preferable case, said lubricating fluid is forging and pressing oil or saponification liquor; Said forging and pressing oil comprises the mineral oil of 85-95wt%, the vegetable oil of 2-5wt%, the EP agent of 2.5-13wt%, the anti-additive foam of 0.01-0.05wt%.Usually; Above-mentioned EP agent comprises modification lipid EP agent, sulfurized fatty EP agent, synthesizing ester EP agent; As known in those skilled in the art; Said modification lipid EP agent can be chloro or bromo alkane, and said sulfurized fatty EP agent can be sulfuration alkane, and said synthesizing ester EP agent can be sulfide aliphatic acid ester.Above-mentioned forging and pressing oil can be commercially available, and for example power series forging and pressing oil is stretched by the section of company of the precious extraordinary oily Co., Ltd of Shenzhen AudioCodes production.
Said saponification liquor is the aqueous solution of stearic acid and tertiary sodium phosphate, and wherein, said stearic concentration is 50-60g/L, and the concentration of said tertiary sodium phosphate is 60-80g/L.The weight ratio of said stearic acid and tertiary sodium phosphate is 1:1-1.5.
For the time of above-mentioned immersion, there is not too limitations, only need make anode oxide film absorption go up lubricating fluid.Under the preferable case, the time of said immersion is 5-10s.Also available mode of embrocating.
Behind adsorpting lubrication liquid on the anode oxide film of metal material surface, can carry out follow-up rough forge and handle.Handle through said rough forge, obtain thick embryo.Said rough forge technology is what those skilled in the art used always, and under the preferable case, the pressure of said rough forge is the 200-250 ton.
Through behind the rough forge, need thick embryo is carried out solution treatment, the temperature of said solution treatment is 525-535 ℃, the time is 2-3h.Carry out cooling processing with cold water then.For better control performance of products, the time of said metal material from the high temperature furnace of solution treatment to complete entry was controlled in 30 seconds.In order to guarantee the cooling velocity of metal material, general water temperature is not more than 30 ℃.
With the metal material forging forming is that structural member moves to admittedly after molten the quenching, has eliminated stress because high temperature is molten admittedly, has reduced the product hardness that causes because of work hardening, and the flatness of product is increased to below the 0.1mm; The use of this technology has reduced by 1/2 above forge die quantity, has reduced cost, has improved production efficiency.
According to the present invention, also need the metal material through solution treatment is carried out finish forge.Under the preferable case, the pressure of said finish forge is the 300-350 ton.
According to the present invention, the temperature of said Ageing Treatment is 170-180 ℃, and the time is 7-8h.Said Ageing Treatment is the aftertreatment technology of solid solution, product is arrived require hardness.
Through above-mentioned processing, the processed basically moulding of metal material.But, need stripping for the anode oxide film of metal material surface.As known in those skilled in the art; Among the present invention, the method for said stripping anode oxide film is the alkali erosion, and the method for said alkali erosion is known in those skilled in the art; For example, can place alkali lye (like alkali lye such as NaOH or potassium hydroxide) to soak in metal material.
Among the present invention, for the ease of follow-up processed, under the preferable case, can before anodic oxidation, earlier metal material be carried out annealing in process, the method for said annealing is: metal material is incubated 1-2h down at 405-425 ℃.Annealing back normal temperature air is cooled to room temperature.Said annealing in process is the intensity of metal material to be reduced to minimum, and plasticity is best, is convenient to the plastic forming of back.
Further, metal material carried out annealing in process after, its surface is polished, for example machine glazed finish or chemical polishing is so that follow-up anodised carrying out.
After the anode oxide film stripping with metal material surface, can obtain the member of basic forming.
According to the present invention, a kind of processing method of metal shell also is provided, comprise metal material carried out cold forging processing, polishing and plated film that the method that said cold forging is handled is the described cold forging method of preamble.
As this area method commonly used, improve the precision of product processing, under the preferable case, also comprise before the said polishing metal material after the cold forging processing is carried out Numerical control cutting (CNC).And to the metal material surface plated film after the polishing, form one deck decorative layer, apparent properties such as the brightness of raising electronic product casing, color and luster.The method of said plated film also is well known in the art, for example can adopt anodic oxidation to form the film of decoration/protectiveness.
Through embodiment the present invention is further explained below.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment is used to explain the processing method of cold forging method disclosed by the invention and metal shell.
6063 aluminium alloys of getting thickness and be 3mm are as metal base.Aluminum alloy surface is carried out machine glazed finish.
Aluminium alloy forging stock after the polishing is put in the electrolyte (sulfuric acid concentration is 16wt%, and phosphoric acid concentration is 2wt%), and under 20 ℃, with voltage 20V, current density is that 1A/dm2 handles 10min, forms the thick anode oxide film of 10um in aluminum alloy surface.
The aluminium alloy that the surface is had anode oxide film is put into immersion 5s in the saponification liquor (stearic acid of 50g/l, the tertiary sodium phosphate of 60g/l).
The employing hydraulic press carries out the rough forge processing with 250 tons pressure to aluminium alloy, forms the thick embryo with elementary contour.
With thick embryo 525 ℃ of solution treatment 3h, shrends then.With 300 tons pressure thick embryo being carried out finish forge again handles.Then with the aluminium alloy behind the finish forge at 170 ℃ of Ageing Treatment 8h, obtain precursor.
Place sodium hydroxide solution to soak 5s precursor.Obtain cold forging product S1.
Through perusal S1 surface, no scratch, surfacing.
S1 carries out Numerical control cutting and machine glazed finish to the cold forging product, and forms anode oxide film through anodic oxidation on the S1 surface, obtains metal shell A1.
Mould ftractures after making 50,000 products.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment is used to explain the processing method of cold forging method disclosed by the invention and metal shell.
6063 aluminium alloys of getting thickness and be 3mm are as metal base.With aluminium alloy at 405 ℃ of following annealing in process 2h.Aluminum alloy surface is carried out machine glazed finish.
Aluminium alloy forging stock after the polishing is put into electrolyte (phosphoric acid concentration is 15wt%), and under 20 ℃, with voltage 25V, current density is that 2A/dm2 handles 10min, forms the thick anode oxide film of 15um in aluminum alloy surface.
The aluminium alloy that the surface is had anode oxide film is put into forging and pressing oil (EP agent of the mineral oil of 95wt%, the vegetable oil of 2wt%, 2.95wt%, the anti-additive foam of 0.05wt%) immersion 10s.
The employing hydraulic press carries out the rough forge processing with 200 tons pressure to aluminium alloy, forms the thick embryo with elementary contour.
With thick embryo 535 ℃ of solution treatment 2h, shrends then.With 350 tons pressure thick embryo being carried out finish forge again handles.Then with the aluminium alloy behind the finish forge at 180 ℃ of Ageing Treatment 7h, obtain precursor.
Place sodium hydroxide solution to soak 5s precursor.Obtain cold forging product S2.
Through perusal S2 surface, no scratch, surfacing.
S2 carries out Numerical control cutting and machine glazed finish to the cold forging product, and forms anode oxide film through anodic oxidation on the S2 surface, obtains metal shell A2.
Mould ftractures after making 40,000 products.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment is used to explain the processing method of cold forging method disclosed by the invention and metal shell.
6063 aluminium alloys of getting thickness and be 3mm are as metal base.With aluminium alloy at 425 ℃ of following annealing in process 1h.Aluminum alloy surface is carried out machine glazed finish.
Aluminium alloy forging stock after the polishing is put in the electrolyte (sulfuric acid concentration is 13wt%, and phosphoric acid concentration is 9wt%), and under 25 ℃, with voltage 22V, current density is that 1A/dm2 handles 8min, forms the thick anode oxide film of 10um in aluminum alloy surface.
The aluminium alloy that the surface is had anode oxide film is put into forging and pressing oil (EP agent of the mineral oil of 85wt%, the vegetable oil of 5wt%, 9.9wt%, the anti-additive foam of 0.01wt%) immersion 6s.
The employing hydraulic press carries out the rough forge processing with 250 tons pressure to aluminium alloy, forms the thick embryo with elementary contour.
With thick embryo 530 ℃ of solution treatment 2.5h, shrends then.With 330 tons pressure thick embryo being carried out finish forge again handles.Then with the aluminium alloy behind the finish forge at 175 ℃ of Ageing Treatment 7.5h, obtain precursor.
Place sodium hydroxide solution to soak 5s precursor.Obtain cold forging product S3.
Through perusal S3 surface, no scratch, surfacing.
S3 carries out Numerical control cutting and machine glazed finish to the cold forging product, and forms anode oxide film through anodic oxidation on the S3 surface, obtains metal shell A3.
Mould ftractures after making 50,000 products.
Embodiment 4
Present embodiment is used to explain the processing method of cold forging method disclosed by the invention and metal shell.
6063 aluminium alloys of getting thickness and be 3mm are as metal base.With aluminium alloy at 420 ℃ of following annealing in process 1h.Aluminum alloy surface is carried out machine glazed finish.
Aluminium alloy forging stock after the polishing is put in the electrolyte (sulfuric acid concentration is 15wt%, and phosphoric acid concentration is 4wt%), and under 25 ℃, with voltage 24V, current density is that 1A/dm2 handles 8min, forms the thick anode oxide film of 12um in aluminum alloy surface.
The aluminium alloy that the surface is had anode oxide film is put into forging and pressing oil (EP agent of the mineral oil of 90wt%, the vegetable oil of 4wt%, 5.95wt%, the anti-additive foam of 0.05wt%) immersion 8s.
The employing hydraulic press carries out the rough forge processing with 250 tons pressure to aluminium alloy, forms the thick embryo with elementary contour.
With thick embryo 530 ℃ of solution treatment 2.5h, shrends then.With 330 tons pressure thick embryo being carried out finish forge again handles.Then with the aluminium alloy behind the finish forge at 175 ℃ of Ageing Treatment 7.5h, obtain precursor.
Place sodium hydroxide solution to soak 5s precursor.Obtain cold forging product S4.
Through perusal S4 surface, no scratch, surfacing.
S4 carries out Numerical control cutting and machine glazed finish to the cold forging product, and forms anode oxide film through anodic oxidation on the S4 surface, obtains metal shell A4.
Mould ftractures after making 50,000 products.
Embodiment 5
Present embodiment is used to explain the processing method of cold forging method disclosed by the invention and metal shell.
6063 aluminium alloys of getting thickness and be 3mm are as metal base.With aluminium alloy at 410 ℃ of following annealing in process 2h.Aluminum alloy surface is carried out machine glazed finish.
Aluminium alloy forging stock after the polishing is put in the electrolyte (sulfuric acid concentration is 15wt%, and phosphoric acid concentration is 4wt%), and under 25 ℃, with voltage 24V, current density is that 1A/dm2 handles 5min, forms the thick anode oxide film of 8um in aluminum alloy surface.
The aluminium alloy that the surface is had anode oxide film is put into forging and pressing oil (EP agent of the mineral oil of 90wt%, the vegetable oil of 5wt%, 4.95wt%, the anti-additive foam of 0.05wt%) immersion 7s.
The employing hydraulic press carries out the rough forge processing with 250 tons pressure to aluminium alloy, forms the thick embryo with elementary contour.
With thick embryo 530 ℃ of solution treatment 2.5h, shrends then.With 330 tons pressure thick embryo being carried out finish forge again handles.Then with the aluminium alloy behind the finish forge at 175 ℃ of Ageing Treatment 7.5h, obtain precursor.
Place sodium hydroxide solution to soak 5s precursor.Obtain cold forging product S5.
Through perusal S5 surface, no scratch, surfacing.
S5 carries out Numerical control cutting and machine glazed finish to the cold forging product, and forms anode oxide film through anodic oxidation on the S5 surface, obtains metal shell A5.
Mould ftractures after making 40,000 products.
Comparative Examples 1
This Comparative Examples is used to explain the processing method of cold forging method of the prior art and metal shell.
The preparation method of metal shell is identical with embodiment 5, and different is, aluminium alloy is not carried out anodized, promptly aluminium alloy is carried out annealing in process after, directly aluminium alloy is got in the forging and pressing oil and is lubricated processing.Obtain cold forging product D1.
Through perusal D1 surface, there is obvious scratch, apparent property is poor.
D1 carries out Numerical control cutting and machine glazed finish to the cold forging product, and forms anode oxide film through anodic oxidation on the D1 surface, obtains metal shell DA1.
Mould ftractures after making 1000 products.
Result through above embodiment and Comparative Examples can find out, adopts cold forging method disclosed by the invention to process and can avoid product surface scratch to occur, has improved the apparent property of product.Simultaneously, this method can reduce the damage to mould, has increased the service life of mould greatly.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to restriction the present invention, all any modifications of within spirit of the present invention and principle, being done, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. a cold forging method comprises metal material surface is carried out anodized, obtains anode oxide film; Make anode oxide film adsorpting lubrication liquid then, again the metal material behind the adsorpting lubrication liquid is forged and pressed, and the stripping anode oxide film.
2. cold forging method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said forging method is: the metal material behind the adsorpting lubrication liquid is carried out rough forge, obtain thick embryo; Thick embryo is carried out carrying out finish forge again after the solution treatment, carry out Ageing Treatment then.
3. cold forging method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, said anode oxidation method is: under 20-25 ℃ temperature, with voltage 20-25V, current density is that 1-2A/dm2 handles 5-10min in electrolyte; Said electrolyte is selected from one or more in the aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, chromic acid and oxalic acid.
4. cold forging method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, said electrolyte is the aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, and said sulfuric acid concentration is 13-16wt%, and phosphoric acid concentration is 2-10wt%; The thickness of the anode oxide film that obtains is 5-15um.
5. cold forging method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the method that makes anode oxide film adsorpting lubrication liquid is immersed in the lubricating fluid for the metal material that the surface is had anode oxide film or at anode oxide film surface-coated lubricating fluid.
6. according to claim 1 or 5 described cold forging methods, it is characterized in that said lubricating fluid is forging and pressing oil or saponification liquor; Said forging and pressing oil comprises the mineral oil of 85-95wt%, the vegetable oil of 2-5wt%, the EP agent of 2.5-13wt%, the anti-additive foam of 0.01-0.05wt%; Said saponification liquor is the aqueous solution of stearic acid and tertiary sodium phosphate, and wherein, said stearic concentration is 50-60g/L, and the concentration of said tertiary sodium phosphate is 60-80g/L, and the weight ratio of said stearic acid and tertiary sodium phosphate is 1:1-1.5.
7. cold forging method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the time of said immersion is 5-10s.
8. cold forging method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the pressure of said rough forge is the 200-250 ton; The pressure of said finish forge is the 300-350 ton.
9. cold forging method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the temperature of said solution treatment is 525-535 ℃, and the time is 2-3h; The temperature of said Ageing Treatment is 170-180 ℃, and the time is 7-8h.
10. cold forging method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the method for said stripping anode oxide film is the alkali erosion.
11. cold forging method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said metal material is an aluminium alloy.
12. cold forging method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, before said anodized, also comprises metal base is annealed, then polishing; The method of said annealing is: metal material is incubated 1-2h down at 405-425 ℃.
13. the processing method of a metal shell comprises metal material is carried out cold forging processing, polishing and plated film, it is characterized in that, the method that said cold forging is handled is any described cold forging method among the claim 1-12.
14. processing method according to claim 13 is characterized in that, also comprises before the said polishing metal material after the cold forging processing is carried out Numerical control cutting; The method of said plated film is anodic oxidation.
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| CN106222589A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-12-14 | 广东长盈精密技术有限公司 | The forging and stamping of aluminium process technique |
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