CN102686455A - 更换机动车辆的驱动电机的输入能量容器的方法和系统 - Google Patents

更换机动车辆的驱动电机的输入能量容器的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN102686455A
CN102686455A CN2010800508220A CN201080050822A CN102686455A CN 102686455 A CN102686455 A CN 102686455A CN 2010800508220 A CN2010800508220 A CN 2010800508220A CN 201080050822 A CN201080050822 A CN 201080050822A CN 102686455 A CN102686455 A CN 102686455A
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C·隆巴特
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于更换用于机动车辆的驱动电机的输入能量容器的方法，所述方法的特征在于，该方法包括一个阶段的至少一次重复，该阶段包括以下步骤：识别待存放的容器的类型；如果需要的话，使至少一个工具适合于该容器类型；使用所述至少一个工具取下该容器；存放该容器；以及使用所述至少一个工具安装新容器。所述方法的特征还在于，使至少一个工具（20，30）适合于该容器类型的步骤包括从所述至少一个工具上拆卸用于启用和停用用于将该容器锁定在该机动车辆上的第一装置的第一器件（22，32）的步骤，以及将用于启用和停用用于将该容器锁定在该机动车辆上的第二装置的第二器件（24，34）安装在所述至少一个工具上的步骤。

Description

更换机动车辆的驱动电机的输入能量容器的方法和系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于更换为机动车辆的驱动电机供能（提供动力，供电）的输入能量容器的更换方法。本发明还涉及一种允许实施这种更换方法的用于更换为机动车辆的驱动电机供能的输入能量容器的更换系统以及涉及允许实施这种更换方法的数据载体。本发明还涉及一种用于更换为机动车辆的驱动电机供能的输入能量容器的更换站。
背景技术
某些机动车辆如电动或混合动力车辆包括用于对驱动电机供能的输入能量容器，例如对电动机供能的由蓄电单元构成的蓄电池。可证实当其能量水平变低时用充满能量的新容器更换该容器是有利的。这可在类似于可对机动车辆燃料箱重新加注的服务站的站点完成。
文献US 5612606公开了一种用于更换对电动车辆的驱动电机供能的电池的站点和用于执行这种更换的方法。在所描述的更换站点中，驾驶者将车辆大致定位在轨道中，相对于属于该站点的设备抵靠在纵向末端止挡件上。此后，施行活动电池移除手段。
为使之易于推广能量容器更换站点，需要以低成本将它们制造成与所有市售机动车辆和所有市售电池相兼容。
发明内容
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种补救上述缺点并改进现有技术公知的更换方法的容器更换方法。尤其是，本发明提出了一种简单、经济且与各种机动车辆和各种容器相容的能量容器更换方法。本发明还涉及一种用于更换能量容器的更换系统。本发明还涉及一种配备有这种更换系统的更换站。
根据本发明，所述方法允许更换对机动车辆的驱动电机供能的输入能量容器。该方法的特征在于，它包括对一阶段的至少一次重复，该阶段包括以下步骤：
-识别待移除的容器的类型，
-如果需要的话，适配（改造）至少一个工具以适合所述类型的容器，
-使用所述至少一个工具拆卸所述容器，
-移除所述容器，
-使用所述至少一个工具重新装配一新容器，
其中，所述“适配至少一个工具以适合所述类型的容器”的步骤包括从所述至少一个工具上拆下启用（致动，使之起作用）和停用（解除致动，使之不起作用）将容器锁定在机动车辆上的第一装置的第一器件的步骤，以及将启用和停用将容器锁定在机动车辆上的第二装置的第二器件装配在所述至少一个工具上的步骤。
该阶段可以包括以下步骤：
-识别机动车辆的类型，
-使所述机动车辆相对于该机动车辆所停放的地面就位。
所述“使所述机动车辆相对于该机动车辆所停放的地面就位”的步骤可以包括启用一器件的步骤，该器件在纵梁或顶升点处对所述车辆施加机械动作（作用）。
启用和停用将所述容器锁定在所述机动车辆上的装置的器件可安装在至少一个操作机械手上。
本发明涉及一种载体，所述载体用于记录计算机可读的数据，并且该载体上记录有计算机程序，该计算机程序包含用于实施上文所述的更换方法的步骤的计算机程序代码装置。
根据本发明，所述用于更换为机动车辆的驱动电机供能的输入能量容器的更换系统的特征在于，该更换系统包括用于实施上文所述的更换方法的硬件装置和软件装置。
所述硬件装置可包括至少一个操纵机械手，所述操纵机械手设有接口，该接口用于固定一器件，该器件启用和停用锁定所述容器的装置。
所述硬件装置可包括用于识别机动车辆的类型和/或能量容器的类型的识别装置。
根据本发明，用于更换为机动车辆的驱动电机供能的输入能量容器的更换站的特征在于，该更换站包括上文所述的更换系统。
附图说明
附图通过举例示出了根据本发明的用于更换能量容器的系统的一个实施例。
图1是根据本发明的能量容器更换系统的一个实施例的横断面竖向示意图，该更换系统处于第一构型下。
图2是根据本发明的能量容器更换系统的一个实施例的横断面竖向示意图，该更换系统处于第二构型下。
具体实施方式
在图1和图2中以两种不同的构型示出的用于更换对机动车辆2、7的驱动电机供能的输入能量容器3、8的更换系统1尤其允许更换用于向电动车辆的驱动电机提供电能的蓄电单元（蓄电池）型能量容器。该更换系统主要包括一个或多个工具20、30、一个或多个旨在存储器件—所述器件启用和停用将容器锁定在机动车辆上的装置—的盒仓、以及用于使机动车辆就位的器件4。优选地，所述工具和/或定位器件由控制单元6控制。该控制单元包括用于实施下述更换方法的硬件和/或软件装置。该软件装置尤其可以包括计算机程序以及包含此类程序的记录载体。
图1和2示出处于两种不同构型下的电池更换系统。
在图1中，该更换系统允许更换装配在第一类型的机动车辆2上的第一类型的电池3。在该第一类型的机动车辆中，使用第一类型的锁定装置41将电池3固定在机动车辆上。因此，允许电池3被安装到机动车辆2上和从该机动车辆上拆卸—这意味着启用和停用锁定装置41—的工具20、30包括启用和停用第一类型的锁定装置的器件22、32。这些器件通过附接接口21、31连接到例如由操纵机械手组成的工具的其余部分26、36。
在图2中，该更换系统允许更换装配在第二类型的机动车辆7上的第二类型的电池8。在该第二类型的机动车辆中，使用第二类型的锁定装置42将电池8固定在机动车辆上。因此，允许电池8被安装在机动车辆7上和从该机动车辆上拆卸—这意味着启用和停用锁定装置42—的工具20、30包括启用和停用第二类型的锁定装置的器件24、34。这些器件通过附接接口21、31连接到工具的其余部分26、36。
当启用和停用锁定装置的器件未被使用时，这意味着当这些器件未被安装在工具上时，它们被存储在盒仓25、35中。上文提及两种锁定装置以及启用和停用器件，但可存在两种以上的锁定装置以及启用和停用器件，以便允许安装和拆卸所有市售车辆的所有电池。尤其是，在存储盒仓中可存在第三类型的启用和停用器件23。
控制单元6控制工具的动作。它能控制启用锁定装置的动作、控制停用锁定装置的动作、控制工具移动的动作以及控制变更启用和停用器件的动作。所有这些动作尤其通过由识别装置9发出的信息确定，该识别装置识别机动车辆的类型和/或能量容器的类型，该识别装置连接到控制单元6。该识别装置尤其可包括光学形状识别系统或RFID标签阅读器。
该更换系统还可包括用于定位机动车辆的器件4。作为优选，该器件通过在机动车辆的底盘上、例如在纵梁或顶升点上施加机械动作而起作用。例如，该器件包括各种不同的装置，例如四个装置，这些装置可在机动车辆的底盘下方自动移动，直到它们位于由它们相对于机动车辆的纵向位置和横向位置决定的各个点。一旦就位，这些装置就可在机动车辆的底盘上施加竖直机械动作，以使机动车辆相对于竖直轴线就位。作为优选，各种装置的移动和动作本身同样由控制单元6控制，并且至少部分由来自识别装置9的数据确定。
用于将电池固定在机动车辆上的锁定装置的结构可因机动车辆和电池而异。另外，锁定装置的数量也可变化。因此，根据本发明的更换系统包括一个、两个、三个或四个或者甚至更多工具。实际上，我们可设想包括四个工具并且需要在包括四个锁定装置的车辆上更换电池的更换系统：这四个工具可同时用于允许快速更换电池。现在让我们考虑同一个更换系统，该更换系统必须在包括仅一个锁定装置的车辆上更换电池：这些工具中仅有一个被使用。
更换系统也可仅包括一个工具。如果必须在包括数个锁定装置的车辆上更换电池，则可轮流在各个锁定装置上使用该工具。
因此，视所采用的标准而定，可生产速度和价格不同的更换系统。
作为优选，该更换系统还包括升降台器件5，该升降台器件5使得可以移除被耗尽的电池并将它带走，并且允许装入新电池并将该新电池定位在机动车辆之下或机动车辆之中。
根据本发明的系统提供了各种显著的优点：
-该系统与所有类型的电池和所有类型的机动车辆相兼容，
-该系统的生产成本低，因为使该系统与所有电池类型和所有机动车辆类型相容所需的元件被减少到严格的最低限度：启用和停用锁定装置的一个或多个器件。
上述更换系统允许实施根据本发明的用于更换电池的更换方法。
下面描述根据本发明的更换方法的一个实施例。
在预备步骤中，使需要更换电池的机动车辆抵达更换系统。
该更换方法的实施例然后包括下列阶段的至少一次重复，该阶段自动执行—这意味着组成该阶段的各个步骤之间无人工干预，或者半自动地执行—这意味着在组成该阶段的步骤中的若干步骤之间无人工干预。
在第一步骤中，识别安装在机动车辆上的电池类型。该步骤可在机动车辆靠近时执行。该步骤主要使用上文所述的识别装置来执行。
在第二步骤中，如果需要的话，使至少一个工具适配待移除的电池。如果该工具与电池移除操作所需的工具不对应，则对它进行适配。例如，在前述系统的情况下，如果必须更换第二类型的电池，则移除第一类型的启用和停用器件22、32并将其存储在盒仓25和35中。将第二类型的启用和停用器件24、34安装在工具上以代替前面移除的器件。相反，如果该工具与电池移除操作所需的工具相对应，则不对其进行改造。
在第三步骤中，启用所述至少一个工具，尤其通过移动这个或这些启用和停用器件直至它们与锁定装置相接触来进行启用，使用所述至少一个工具来拆卸电池，这意味着启用这个或这些启用和停用器件，以便停用单个或多个锁定装置。
在第四步骤中，将耗尽的电池移除并取走。
在第五步骤中，将新电池装入并定位在机动车辆之下或之中。
在第六步骤中，使用所述至少一个工具装配该新电池，这意味着使用这个或这些器件来启用用于将新电池锁定在机动车辆上的单个或多个装置。
作为优选，在第三步骤之前，识别机动车辆的类型并相对于机动车辆所停放的地面定位机动车辆。为此，在纵梁或顶升点处对车辆施加机械动作的定位器件可以在组成该器件的各种装置已位于机动车辆底盘下方之后被启用。
在最后一个步骤中，使机动车辆离开。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于更换为机动车辆（2，7）的驱动电机供能的输入能量容器（3，8）的更换方法，其特征在于，该更换方法包括一个阶段的至少一次重复，所述阶段包括以下步骤：
-识别待移除的容器的类型，
-如果需要的话，适配至少一个工具（20，30）以适合该容器的类型，
-使用所述至少一个工具拆卸该容器，
-移除该容器，
-使用所述至少一个工具重新装配一新容器，
并且其特征在于，所述“适配至少一个工具（20，30）以适合该容器的类型”的步骤包括从所述至少一个工具拆卸一第一器件（22，32）的步骤以及在所述至少一个工具上装配一第二器件（24，34）的步骤，该第一器件启用和停用将容器锁定在机动车辆上的第一装置，该第二器件启用和停用将容器锁定在机动车辆上的第二装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的更换方法，其特征在于，该阶段包括以下步骤：
-识别机动车辆的类型，
-使该机动车辆相对于该机动车辆所停放的地面就位。
3.如权利要求2所述的更换方法，其特征在于，所述“使该机动车辆相对于该机动车辆所停放的地面就位”的步骤包括启用一器件（4）的步骤，该器件在纵梁或顶升点处对该车辆施加机械动作。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的更换方法，其特征在于，启用和停用将容器锁定在机动车辆上的装置的器件安装在至少一个操纵机械手（26，36）上。
5.一种载体，用于记录计算机可读的数据，并且该载体上记录有计算机程序，该计算机程序包含用于实施如前述权利要求中任一项所述的更换方法的步骤的计算机程序代码。
6.一种用于更换为机动车辆（2，7）的驱动电机供能的输入能量容器（3，8）的更换系统（1），其特征在于，该更换系统包括用于实施如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的更换方法的硬件装置（20，30，9，6）和软件装置。
7.如权利要求6所述的更换系统（1），其特征在于，所述硬件装置包括至少一个操纵机械手（26，36），该操纵机械手设有一接口（21，31），该接口用于固定一器件（22，23，24，32，33，34），该器件启用和停用锁定该容器的装置（41，42）。
8.如权利要求6至7中任一项所述的更换系统（1），其特征在于，所述硬件装置包括识别装置（9），该识别装置用于识别机动车辆的类型和/或能量容器的类型。
9.一种用于更换为机动车辆的驱动电机供能的输入能量容器的更换站，其特征在于，该更换站包括如权利要求6至8中任一项所述的更换系统。
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