CN102682560B - Device for assessing level of fire interlock alarming in ship cabin - Google Patents
Device for assessing level of fire interlock alarming in ship cabin Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of automatic fire alarm method, is specifically related to a kind of fire disaster intelligently alarm method, particularly the chain alarm level appraisal procedure of a kind of ship's space fire based on fuzzy control and device.
Background technology
Along with the development of science and technology, marine industry is greatly developed in countries in the world, and boats and ships have become the focus that people pay attention to as seaborne important tool.Because the modern ships environment is comparatively complicated, cabin narrow space on the ship, plant equipment is laid closely, gas and liquid transporting and circuit-line are complicated, so when the breaking out of fire of certain certain cabin, zone, adjacent cabin must be involved, if in time do not find the condition of a fire, along with the intensity of a fire grows in intensity, by wall or interconnective ventilating duct, the oil gas transport pipeline, cables etc. can spread to several cabins, it is on fire to cause linksystem, thereby boats and ships main body and personal security have been consisted of huge threat, and its fire hazard degree and the loss that may cause will be far longer than the common buildings fire.
At present, China is comprehensive not enough to understanding how effectively to control and process ship fire, just is in the stage of macroscopic view and experience, and lacks a complete ship fire safety assessment system.Trended towards in recent years the research of Intelligent Fire Alarm System both at home and abroad, as the control method and the many warnings parameter information fusion technology that utilize neural network to be combined with fuzzy system design intelligent fire detector, this detector not only has certain self study and adaptivity, also have certain reliability, can effectively reduce the rate of false alarm of detector.In addition, artificial intelligence and interaction technique are also adopted by increasing Intelligent fire alarm system, and these have all become forward position and the core technology of fire alarm system.Yet present fire alarm system Intellectualized Tendency just focuses on detector to the accurate judgement of the condition of a fire, and false alarm reduction is failed to report frequency, improve system response sensitivity, the fire-fighting equipment startup is rapid etc., and has ignored fire protection alarm system take " preventing " as main, take " disappearing " as auxiliary importance.The cabin is the important component part of boats and ships, when the breaking out of fire of certain cabin, according to the cabin fire characteristics, the cabin fire spreading is rapid, it is on fire easily to cause linksystem, consequence is hardly imaginable, so should consider emphatically the relevance between each cabin, the research fire alarm system is very important for the reliable accurately chain alarm technique in cabin.
When the breaking out of fire of certain cabin, warning system not only will obtain the information such as the accurate location, fire parameter, alert levels in this cabin, also should gather simultaneously environmental information and the condition of a fire information of closing on the cabin around it, comprehensive intensity of a fire development and the alarm level information of judging these cabins of making a strategic decision out.Can not only remedy like this functional defect of ship fire warning system aspect chain controlling alarm, can also and start corresponding interlock fire-fighting equipment for the later stage warning and lay the foundation.
The following requirement of ship fire warning system then is not only will be realized the accurate of the chain warning in cabin, the corresponding fire prevention means of also should making a strategic decision out on this basis and interlock fire extinguishing action, the fire that could increase like this warning system is differentiated and the precision of controlling, effectively reduce and fail to report, report by mistake frequency, make the more perfect function, efficient of ship fire warning system, more can embody intellectuality and hommization.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of, timely, reliable cabin chain alarm level information accurate be used to obtaining, leading cabin condition of a fire information alarm, can be the time of later stage fire extinguishing saves valuable, avoid the related chain alarm level appraisal procedure of ship's space fire that boats and ships and personnel is caused heavy losses on fire in cabin.The present invention also aims to provide a kind of ship's space fire chain alarm level apparatus for evaluating.
The chain alarm level appraisal procedure of ship's space fire of the present invention comprises the steps:
1) central fire alarm control unit collection each cabin temperature-sensitive adjacent with the breaking out of fire cabin, the condition of a fire information that smoke detector obtains;
2) central fire alarm control unit reads cabin fire hazard class information, described cabin fire hazard class information is as factor take the ventilation state in the quantity of ship's space combustible and characteristic, cabin, fire-fighting system state, described factor is concluded and quantized, and according to the non-linear synthetic index of generalized index system, be used for weighing the size of cabin fire risk;
3) condition of a fire information and the cabin fire hazard class information temperature-sensitive, smoke detector obtained are carried out the normalization pre-service;
4) data are after treatment delivered to the fuzzy reasoning module and carry out fuzzy reasoning, thereby obtain the chain alarm level assessment result of cabin fire.
The formation of the chain alarm level apparatus for evaluating of ship's space fire of the present invention comprises signal acquisition module, signal pre-processing module, obfuscation module, fuzzy reasoning judging module and the defuzzification module of each cabin fire alarm key element; Signal acquisition module gathers condition of a fire information and the cabin fire hazard rating information that each cabin heat detector, smoke detector obtain; Signal pre-processing module carries out pre-service to described information, is normalized in [0,1] scope; The fuzzy reasoning module is at first carried out obfuscation to input quantity and output quantity, set up the fuzzy set on the domain, the design membership function, the input and output amount is carried out conversion, next sets up fuzzy control rule table, generate at last inputoutput list, obtained the fuzzy set of fire chain alarm level in cabin on the identification domain according to input; The defuzzification module is carried out defuzzification, obtains net result.
Described membership function is Triangleshape grade of membership function.
Described fuzzy rule form is: IF(satisfies a set condition) THEN(releases one group of conclusion).
In order to solve the defective of ship fire warning system on the chain warning function in cabin, the present invention proposes the chain alarm level appraisal procedure of a kind of ship's space fire based on fuzzy control, the present invention processes the data analysis of the fire hazard rating information of each cabin variety classes detector information and cabin own by fuzzy inference system on the basis that need not increase unnecessary detecting devices and cost, provide rapidly and accurately each cabin alarm level information, strive for accomplishing the accuracy of the chain warning in cabin, advanced and comprehensive, reduce owing to cabin condition of a fire information is omitted the fire disaster accident that causes.
Test process of the present invention can utilize MATLAB and VC++ hybrid programming to realize the combination of Intelligent Fusion algorithm and visualization interface, and the performance of system is carried out experimental verification, and step is as follows:
The chain alarm level test and appraisal of cabin fire of design visualization interface under the VC++ environment, add four edit boxes in the interface, three are used for input temperature-sensitive, smoke detector alerting signal and cabin fire hazard rank data message after pretreatment, another is used for showing the chain alarm level assessment result of cabin fire information, add a fuzzy reasoning order button, behind three alarm parameters of input, click this button, just show the chain alarm level information of this cabin fire.
Technique effect of the present invention is: central fire alarm control unit gathers certain cabin warning message and gathers simultaneously its adjacent chamber's condition of a fire information, embodied the chain controlling alarm thought of fire alarm system, and utilize and obtained reliably accurately cabin alarm level information based on the chain alarm level appraisal procedure of the ship's space fire of fuzzy control, enlarged related alarm range, improved the control accuracy of system, it is comprehensive to have realized that the ship fire warning system is reported to the police, advanced, accuracy and reliability, reached and reduced wrong report, the purpose of rate of failing to report, effectively having reduced the cabin, that linksystem may occur is on fire and cause the probability of boats and ships heavy losses.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the chain controlling alarm process flow diagram in ship fire automatic alarm system cabin of using the chain alarm level appraisal procedure of ship's space fire of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the chain alarm level evaluating system of the ship's space fire structural drawing based on fuzzy control of realizing the chain alarm level appraisal procedure of ship's space fire of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is triangle subordinate function curve.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated for example below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
The present invention be directed to the chain controlling alarm in ship fire automatic alarm system cabin designs, use the process flow diagram of the chain controlling alarm in ship fire automatic alarm system cabin of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, the present invention is exactly for judging whether cabin 1 to N reports to the police and cabin 1 to N fire alarm class information delivered to concentrated alarm controller and determine whether to start corresponding fire-fighting equipment and the chain alarm level appraisal procedure of a kind of ship's space fire that designs wherein.
In conjunction with Fig. 1, use the chain controlling alarm process flow diagram of ship fire automatic alarm system of the present invention, demonstrated the control thought of the chain warning of ship fire warning system.The ship fire warning system cycle gathers the detector alarm signal in each cabin, when report to the police in a certain cabin, the warning message in this cabin can be delivered to concentrated alarm controller, this moment is for reaching the purpose of chain controlling alarm, concentrated alarm controller can gather the condition of a fire information of obtaining with the contiguous a plurality of cabins fire detector in this cabin immediately, and judge the fire alarm class information in these cabins, according to different alarm level signals, concentrated alarm controller can provide different alerting signals, and the corresponding interlock of startup fire-fighting equipment is put out a fire.Like this, the function of ship fire automatic alarm system is just more perfect, the application of the chain alarm control method in cabin can reduce the rate of failing to report of warning system, raising system control accuracy, consider that each cabin condition of a fire related information is more comprehensive, avoid the massive losses that causes to full ship because neglecting certain cabin warning message.The chain alarm level appraisal procedure of ship's space fire of the present invention design namely is to be applied to judging whether cabin 1 to N reports to the police and cabin 1 to N fire alarm class information is delivered to concentrated alarm controller and determined whether to start corresponding fire-fighting equipment in the chain controlling alarm flow process of ship's space fire.
In conjunction with Fig. 2, be the chain warning system structural drawing of the cabin fire based on fuzzy control of the present invention.Mainly signals collecting, Signal Pretreatment, obfuscation, fuzzy reasoning judgement, the several modules of defuzzification by each cabin fire alarm key element form, and finally draw the chain alarm level information of cabin fire.
The input signal of this system comprises the condition of a fire information that each cabin heat detector, smoke detector obtain and the cabin fire hazard rating information that obtains by domestic and international fire disaster simulation software (the cabin fire hazard rating can be learnt by the pertinent literature inquiry), these information are carried out pre-service, be normalized to [0,1] in the scope, so just can carry out next step data and process.Gather above information and can make system to cabin EARLY RECOGNITION fire alarm discriminant information, prevent that disaster hidden-trouble is helpful, reduction is failed to report, rate of false alarm.
Accuracy and the anti-interference differentiated in order to improve the cabin fire size class make the output of system judge closer to human thinking, and the present invention has adopted fuzzy reasoning method that the complete data of pre-service are for further processing.The fuzzy reasoning module is at first carried out obfuscation to input quantity and output quantity, sets up the fuzzy set on the domain, designs corresponding membership function, and the input and output amount is carried out corresponding conversion, and what adopt here is Triangleshape grade of membership function.Secondly, set up fuzzy control rule table, fuzzy control rule is the core of fuzzy control, and these rules derive from the expertise of association area usually, also can provide by lot of experimental data.Fuzzy rule form of the present invention is: IF(satisfies a set condition) THEN(releases one group of conclusion).Should guarantee the completeness of fuzzy rule when laying down a regulation, guarantee again the compatibility of fuzzy rule.Generate at last inputoutput list, obtained the fuzzy set of fire chain alarm level in cabin on the identification domain according to input, carry out again defuzzification, obtain net result.
The mentality of designing of Fuzzy Inference Model is specific as follows:
1) obfuscation of input quantity and output quantity
The input quantity of fuzzy controller is respectively each cabin heat detector of Centralized Controller collection, condition of a fire information and the cabin fire hazard rating information that smoke detector obtains, output quantity is the chain alarm level information of cabin fire, above information will at first be converted into [0 through after the pre-service, 1] numerical information in the scope is as domain.The normalization formula is here selected as follows:
Wherein, x ∈ [x Min, x Max], x MinAnd x MaxBe respectively maximal value and the minimum value that to carry out pretreated input quantity.Secondly, carry out Fuzzy processing to them, namely determine respectively the fuzzy membership function of three input variables.And the degree of membership of fuzzy set and subordinate function determine to have complexity and diversity, comprise the expert and determine method, fuzzy statistical method and contrast ranking method etc., because ship's space fire test data are difficult to collect, without suitable " objective " yardstick, so adopt the expert to determine method.The bound of input and output all is decided to be [0,1], actual conditions, experience and fire data statistical study for the generation of ship's space fire, the chain alarm level of cabin fire of heat detector condition of a fire information, smoke detector condition of a fire information, each cabin fire hazard degree and output can be made as: fire probability large (PB), in the fire probability (PM), fire probability little (PS) and (ZO) occurs without fire.Fuzzy membership functions commonly used is Triangleshape grade of membership function, normality membership function and trapezoidal membership function, and the subordinate function of choosing fuzzy number here is triangular function, calculates easily and is widely used, and the analytic expression of this function is:
The subordinate function curve as shown in Figure 3.
2) fuzzy logic inference
The present invention adopts the Mamdani method to realize fuzzy logic inference, and the fuzzy rule form is: IF(satisfies a set condition) THEN(releases one group of conclusion), be specially (below list wherein 10 rules):
1, IF(heat detector condition of a fire information is ZO) AND(smoke detector condition of a fire information is ZO) this cabin fire hazard rating of AND(is ZO) the chain alarm level of this cabin fire of THEN(is ZO)
2, IF(heat detector condition of a fire information is PS) AND(smoke detector condition of a fire information is ZO) this cabin fire hazard rating of AND(is ZO) the chain alarm level of this cabin fire of THEN(is PS)
3, IF(heat detector condition of a fire information is PM) AND(smoke detector condition of a fire information is ZO) this cabin fire hazard rating of AND(is ZO) the chain alarm level of this cabin fire of THEN(is PM)
4, IF(heat detector condition of a fire information is PB) AND(smoke detector condition of a fire information is ZO) this cabin fire hazard rating of AND(is ZO) the chain alarm level of this cabin fire of THEN(is PB)
5, IF(heat detector condition of a fire information is ZO) AND(smoke detector condition of a fire information is PS) this cabin fire hazard rating of AND(is ZO) the chain alarm level of this cabin fire of THEN(is ZO)
6, IF(heat detector condition of a fire information is PS) AND(smoke detector condition of a fire information is PS) this cabin fire hazard rating of AND(is ZO) the chain alarm level of this cabin fire of THEN(is PS)
7, IF(heat detector condition of a fire information is PM) AND(smoke detector condition of a fire information is PS) this cabin fire hazard rating of AND(is ZO) the chain alarm level of this cabin fire of THEN(is PM)
8, IF(heat detector condition of a fire information is PB) AND(smoke detector condition of a fire information is PS) this cabin fire hazard rating of AND(is ZO) the chain alarm level of this cabin fire of THEN(is PB)
9, IF(heat detector condition of a fire information is ZO) AND(smoke detector condition of a fire information is PM) this cabin fire hazard rating of AND(is ZO) the chain alarm level of this cabin fire of THEN(is ZO)
10, IF(heat detector condition of a fire information is PS) AND(smoke detector condition of a fire information is PM) this cabin fire hazard rating of AND(is ZO) the chain alarm level of this cabin fire of THEN(is PS)
3) defuzzification
The result who obtains through fuzzy reasoning decision-making is a fuzzy set, is cabin fire alarm class information accurately but real system need obtain, need to carry out defuzzification so will obtain this exact value.In fuzzy control, the method of defuzzification has a variety of, commonly used have maximum membership degree function method, gravity model appoach and a median method, the present invention selects gravity model appoach to carry out the defuzzification of output variable, thereby the chain alarm level output quantity of accurate cabin fire that obtains, the chain alarm level output quantity of this cabin fire can be made as: alarm free, pre-alarm and warning.
Pass through visual programming interface detection multi-group data after having designed this fuzzy controller, can find out by the observation experiment result, employing is based on the chain alarm level appraisal procedure of the ship's space fire of fuzzy control, can make central fire alarm control unit learn that the breaking out of fire cabin can obtain the fire alarm class information in its adjacent each cabin simultaneously exactly, reliably provide the cabin fire chain warning message for staff on the ship all sidedly, really accomplish each cabin incipient fire early warning, improved the control accuracy of warning system.
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| CN102930136A (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2013-02-13 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Compartment fire development area evaluation method |
| CN103218664A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-07-24 | 重庆邮电大学 | Warning weight determination method based on wavelet neural network |
| CN103324095B (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2014-04-02 | 湖州师范学院 | Warship and ship fire disaster damage control reasoning, simulation and control system |
| CN103440728A (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2013-12-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Ship fire extinguishing system cascading failure evaluation method for distributed intelligence control |
| CN104269010B (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2017-03-15 | 广州中国科学院工业技术研究院 | The fire risk alarm method of monitor area and system |
| CN104952201A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-09-30 | 杨明龙 | Video fire-alarm monitoring system and method |
| CN105070102A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-11-18 | 上海海事大学 | Ship navigation dynamic risk inference system and method based on fuzzy logic |
| CN105809914B (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2018-02-02 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of forest fires generation model early warning system based on fuzzy reasoning |
| CN105894706B (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2019-01-04 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of forest fire prediction technique and its system |
| CN106197532A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-12-07 | 华侨大学 | The fire-proof and explosion-proof early warning in chemical plant and fire extinguishing explosion-proof method |
| CN106066640B (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2018-12-11 | 吉林建筑大学 | A kind of CAN bus based fire-fighting equipment control system and fuzzy control method |
| CN106512259A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-03-22 | 武汉理工大学 | Ship accumulator cabin ventilation and automatic extinguishing method and system based on fuzzy control |
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