CN102649614A - Water quality purification device for rainwater collection pit water with biological slow filter basin - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a water quality purification device for a rain cellar with a biological slow filter tank, which comprises a water supply tank, a rough filter tank, a biological slow filter tank and a clean water tank connected in series; the water supply tank and the biological slow filter tank The filter tanks are respectively connected with the coarse filter tank and the clear water tank. The invention has the advantages of low cost, simple operation and maintenance, through the optimized combination of several filter materials, the strengths are maximized and the weaknesses are avoided, and the filter has a good removal effect on cellar water pollutants.

Description

A rainwater cellar water purification device with a biological slow filter

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of rural drinking water treatment, in particular to a water quality purification device for rain cellar water with a biological slow filter tank.

Background technique

In the arid areas of Northwest my country, surface water resources are scarce, and groundwater aquifers are deep. Some areas have no groundwater resources to use, and resource water shortages are serious in villages and towns. Especially in arid mountainous areas where surface water and groundwater are extremely scarce in Northwest China, rainwater is the only potential. of water resources. Collecting and storing the rainfall in the rainy season as drinking water for daily life has become an effective way to solve the problem of water shortage in the arid and water-scarce areas of Northwest China. However, during the collection process, rainwater is polluted by solid waste debris (garbage, animal manure, etc.), air fallout, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, vehicle emissions, and other human activities. In addition, the long-term storage of rainwater in the water cellar will cause the water to deteriorate and taste, and drinking it directly will cause great harm to humans and animals. The survey found that microorganisms, organic matter, and total nitrogen in the water often exceeded the standard, and the chromaticity and turbidity were poor. The pollutants that exceeded the standard mainly included bacteria, E. coli, chromaticity, turbidity, heavy metals, etc.; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, etc. At present, most of the purifiers in China are aimed at relatively clean municipal pipe network water supply and river and lake water as drinking water sources. Specifically for the quality of rainwater collection, there are no small rainwater collection purification devices suitable for decentralized applications in rural areas in Northwest China. reports.

At present, the biological activated carbon technology in the field of water treatment has a good effect on removing organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, and chroma, but is not effective in sterilization and control of heavy metals. It has a good effect on heavy metals in water and sterilization. In addition, most of the existing micro-polluted water treatment equipment requires professionals to operate and debug. The cultural level of personnel in scattered residential areas in Northwest rural areas is generally low, and they do not have the level to operate such equipment. However, equipment with a high degree of automation and easy operation Most of the electrical automatic control systems are expensive, and most of the rural population in the northwest do not have the conditions to purchase such equipment.

Under this background, it is necessary to develop a water treatment device that is simple and easy to operate, and is specially designed to treat this special slightly polluted water.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a low-cost, simple-to-operate rain-collecting cellar water purification device with a biological slow filter for the water quality of rain-collecting cellars in northwest villages and towns in my country.

In order to solve the above problems, a rain cellar water purification device with a biological slow filter according to the present invention is characterized in that: the device includes a water supply tank, a coarse filter, a biological slow filter and a clean water tank connected in series pond; the water supply tank and the biological slow filter are respectively connected to the coarse filter and the clear water pond.

The bottom of the water supply tank is connected to the clear water tank through a return pipe, and a water supply pump is provided inside it, and the water supply pump is connected to the coarse filter tank through a water delivery pipeline I; one end of the return pipe is provided with a valve I , the other end of which is provided with a valve VII; the water pipeline I is provided with a valve II, a flow meter, a valve III, and a faucet I in sequence along the direction of water flow.

The upper part of the coarse filter tank is provided with a water delivery pipeline II connected to the biological slow filter tank, and its interior is sequentially provided with a filter material layer I composed of pebbles with a thickness of 30 cm and a particle size of 5 to 10 mm from top to bottom. , The filter layer II is composed of pebbles with a thickness of 30cm and a particle size of 10-20mm; the filter layer III is composed of pebbles with a thickness of 40cm and a particle size of 20-30mm; The filter material layer IV composed of pebbles is provided with a support layer I composed of pebbles with a thickness of 30mm and a particle size of 50-70mm at the bottom; a valve V and a faucet II are sequentially provided on the water delivery pipeline II along the direction of water flow; A perforated water distributor is provided between the filter material layer IV and the supporting layer I, and the perforated water distributor is connected to the water delivery pipeline I; the bottom of the supporting layer I is provided with a discharge valve with a valve IV Empty Tube I.

The upper part of the biological slow filter is provided with an overflow pipe, and its interior is sequentially provided with a filter material layer V composed of quartz sand with a thickness of 1000 mm and a particle size of 0.25 to 0.5 mm, and a layer V composed of four layers of gravel from top to bottom. Supporting layer II; the top of the filter material layer V is provided with a water distribution flower plate, which is connected to the water delivery pipeline II through a pipeline; the bottom of the supporting layer II is provided with a perforated pipe water collector, and the perforated pipe collects The water device is connected to the return pipe through the water delivery pipeline III; the water delivery pipeline III is provided with a vent pipe II with a valve VI.

The supporting layer II is, from top to bottom, gravels with a particle size of 1-2 mm and a thickness of 50 mm, gravels with a particle size of 2-4 mm and a thickness of 50 mm, gravels with a particle size of 4-8 mm and a thickness of 100 mm, and gravels with a particle size of 8-4 mm. 16mm gravel with a thickness of 100mm.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. Since the present invention is provided with a coarse filter tank and a biological slow filter tank connected in series, the optimized combination of several filter materials can maximize the advantages and avoid the disadvantages, so that it has a good removal effect on cellar water pollutants.

2. Since the present invention adopts the coarse filtration technology, it can effectively remove large suspended matter and a large amount of turbid particles in the cellar water. After the filtration of the coarse filter, the large suspended matter and a large number of turbid particles in the cellar water can be greatly reduced, which greatly expands the treatment range of the slow filtration technology and overcomes the problem that the biological slow filtration technology cannot handle high turbidity water. Disadvantages, avoiding the clogging of the biological slow filter. The surface of the filter material particles in the coarse filter can also partially form a biological mucous membrane, which can absorb and degrade organic matter, total nitrogen, heavy metals and other pollutants in the rain cellar water to a certain extent, and reduce the pollution load of the biological slow filter. Conditions are created for further processing.

3. The present invention adopts the biological slow filtration technology, and the biodegradable organic matter in water is treated through the biofilm adhered to the quartz sand to reduce the adsorption load. In the biological slow filter, the bacteria in the water adhere to the surface of the quartz sand to grow and multiply. After half a month to one month, a thin layer of biological mucous film containing various microorganisms and algae will be formed on the surface of the filter material layer. The water is filtered through the quartz sand and microbial mucous membrane, which can intercept all suspended impurities in the water, and remove pollutants such as turbidity, chromaticity, microorganisms, organic matter, total nitrogen, and heavy metals in the rain cellar water, and the quality of the effluent water meets the national rural drinking water requirements. Water quality safety standards.

4. According to the actual test, bacteria, Escherichia coli, chroma, turbidity, heavy metals, organic matter, etc. in the rain-collecting cellar water of the present invention are effectively removed, and the treated water quality meets the national drinking water standard. Taking the water treatment of a water cellar in Wenquan Township, Xifeng District, Qingyang City, Gansu Province as an example, the total number of bacteria is 980CFU/ml, the total coliform group is 1000MPN/100ml, the color is 5 degrees, the turbidity is 15NTU, and the heavy metal hexavalent chromium is 0.07mg/L, potassium permanganate index is 4.5mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen is 0.67mg/L. After the treatment of the present invention, the total number of bacteria is 80CFU/ml, the total coliform group is 0MPN/100ml, and the chroma is 0 Turbidity and turbidity are 0.8NTU, heavy metal hexavalent chromium is 0.03mg/L, potassium permanganate index is 2.3mg/L, and the treated water quality meets GB5749-2006 "Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water".

5. The cost of the present invention is low, and materials such as filter material and supporting layer can be obtained locally; and the treatment process is ecological and environmentally friendly, without adding any water treatment chemicals, and without disinfecting the treated water.

6. The invention is easy to operate and maintain. It only needs to flush the coarse filter through the vent pipe every six months to one year, and scrape off 2 cm of filter material on the surface of the biological slow filter every six months to one year.

Description of drawings

The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-water supply tank 2-coarse filter tank 3-biological slow filter tank 4-clean water tank 5-valve I 6-water supply pump 7-valve II 8-flow meter 9-water pipeline I10-filter material layer I 11 -Filter material layer II 12-Valve III 13-Faucet I 14-Perforated water distributor 15-Valve IV 16-Empty pipe I 17-Supporting layer I 18-Filter material layer III 19-Filter material layer IV20-Water delivery Pipe II 21-Valve V 22-Faucet II 23-Pipeline 24-Water distribution plate 25-Overflow pipe 26-Filter material layer V 27-Supporting layer II 28-Perforated pipe water collector 29-Water delivery pipe III 30-Valve VI 31-valve VII 32-vent tube II 33-return tube.

Detailed ways

As shown in FIG. 1 , a rain cellar water purification device with a biological slow filter includes a water supply tank 1 , a coarse filter 2 , a biological slow filter 3 and a clean water tank 4 connected in series. The water supply tank 1 and the biological slow filter tank 3 are connected to the coarse filter tank 2 and the clean water tank 4 respectively.

Wherein: the bottom of the water supply tank 1 links to each other with the clear water pool 4 by the return pipe 33, and is provided with the water supply pump 6 in it, and this water supply pump 6 links to each other with the coarse filter tank 2 by the water delivery pipeline 19. One end of the return pipe 33 is provided with a valve I 5, and the other end is provided with a valve VII 31; the water pipeline I 9 is provided with a valve II 7, a flow meter 8, a valve III 12, and a faucet I 13 in sequence along the direction of water flow.

The upper part of the coarse filter 2 is provided with a water delivery pipeline II 20 connected to the biological slow filter 3, and its interior is successively provided with a filter material layer I 10 composed of pebbles with a thickness of 30 cm and a particle size of 5 to 10 mm from top to bottom. , The filter material layer II 11 is composed of pebbles with a thickness of 30cm and a particle size of 10-20mm. The filter layer III is composed of pebbles with a thickness of 40cm and a particle size of 20-30mm. 18. The thickness is 40cm and the particle size is 30mm. The filter material layer IV 19 composed of ~50mm pebbles is provided with a support layer I17 composed of pebbles with a thickness of 30mm and a particle size of 50 ~ 70mm at the bottom. The water delivery pipeline II 20 is provided with a valve V 21 and a faucet II 22 sequentially along the water flow direction; a perforated water distributor 14 is arranged between the filter material layer IV 19 and the supporting layer I 17, and the perforated water distributor 14 is connected with the water delivery The pipeline I 9 is connected; the bottom of the supporting layer I 17 is provided with a vent pipe I 16 with a valve IV 15.

The upper part of the biological slow filter 3 is provided with an overflow pipe 25, and its inside is successively provided with a filter material layer V 26 composed of quartz sand with a thickness of 1000 mm and a particle size of 0.25 to 0.5 mm, consisting of four layers of gravel. Supporting layer II 27; the supporting layer II 27 from top to bottom is gravel with a particle size of 1 to 2 mm and a thickness of 50 mm, gravel with a particle size of 2 to 4 mm and a thickness of 50 mm, and gravel with a particle size of 4 to 8 mm and a thickness of 100 mm. Gravel, gravel with a particle size of 8 to 16 mm and a thickness of 100 mm. The top of the filter material layer V 26 is provided with a water distribution faceplate 24, which is connected to the water delivery pipeline II 20 through a pipeline 23; The water delivery pipeline III 29 is connected with the return pipe 33; the water delivery pipeline III 29 is provided with a vent pipe II 32 with a valve VI 30.

Claims (5)

1. A rain cellar water purification device with a biological slow filter, characterized in that: the device includes a water supply tank (1), a coarse filter (2), a biological slow filter (3) and A clear water pool (4); the water supply tank (1) and the biological slow filter (3) are respectively connected to the coarse filter (2) and the clear water pool (4). 2. A kind of rain cellar water purification device with biological slow filter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the water supply tank (1) is connected to the clear water pool ( 4) is connected, and is provided with water supply water pump (6) in it, and this water supply water pump (6) links to each other with described coarse filter tank (2) through water delivery pipeline I (9); One end of described return pipe (33) is provided with There is a valve I (5), the other end of which is provided with a valve VII (31); the water delivery pipeline I (9) is sequentially provided with a valve II (7), a flow meter (8), a valve III (12 ), water tap 1 (13). 3. A kind of rain cellar water purification device with biological slow filter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the top of the coarse filter (2) is provided with the biological slow filter (3) ) connected to the water delivery pipeline II (20), which is provided with a filter material layer I (10) consisting of pebbles with a thickness of 30 cm and a particle size of 5-10 mm from top to bottom, and a filter material layer I (10) with a thickness of 30 cm and a particle size of The filter layer II (11) composed of 10-20mm pebbles, the filter layer III (18) composed of 40cm thick and 20-30mm pebbles, the filter layer III (18) composed of 40cm thick and 30-50mm pebbles Filter material layer IV (19), the bottom of which is provided with a supporting layer I (17) made of pebbles with a thickness of 30 mm and a particle size of 50 to 70 mm; Valve V (21), faucet II (22); a perforated water distributor (14) is provided between the filter material layer IV (19) and the supporting layer I (17), and the perforated water distributor (14 ) is connected to the water pipeline I (9); the bottom of the supporting layer I (17) is provided with a vent pipe I (16) with a valve IV (15). 4. a kind of rain cellar water purification device with biological slow filter tank as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the top of described biological slow filter tank (3) is provided with overflow pipe (25), and its The interior is provided with a filter material layer V (26) composed of quartz sand with a thickness of 1000 mm and a particle size of 0.25 to 0.5 mm, and a supporting layer II (27) composed of four layers of gravel from top to bottom; the filter material The top of the layer V (26) is provided with a water distribution flower plate (24), which is connected to the water delivery pipeline II (20) through a pipeline (23); the bottom of the supporting layer II (27) is provided with a perforated Pipe water collector (28), the perforated pipe water collector (28) is connected with the return pipe (33) through the water delivery pipeline III (29); the water delivery pipeline III (29) is provided with a valve VI (30) vent pipe II (32). 5. A kind of rain cellar water purification device with a biological slow filter as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the supporting layer II (27) has a particle diameter of 1 to 2 mm from top to bottom and Gravel with a thickness of 50 mm, gravel with a particle size of 2 to 4 mm and a thickness of 50 mm, gravel with a particle size of 4 to 8 mm and a thickness of 100 mm, and gravel with a particle size of 8 to 16 mm and a thickness of 100 mm.

Images