CN102626149B - 一种多筒旋转式红茶发酵装置 - Google Patents
一种多筒旋转式红茶发酵装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102626149B CN102626149B CN 201210115390 CN201210115390A CN102626149B CN 102626149 B CN102626149 B CN 102626149B CN 201210115390 CN201210115390 CN 201210115390 CN 201210115390 A CN201210115390 A CN 201210115390A CN 102626149 B CN102626149 B CN 102626149B
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- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
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- 235000020279 black tea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004450 types of analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phencyclidine Chemical compound 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C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019225 fermented tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035943 smell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
一种多筒旋转式红茶发酵装置，包括动力装置、供热供湿供氧系统、机架、进料口和出料口，设有长形外筒，外筒内在同一个圆周上设有若干发酵筒，发酵筒和外筒固定连接，发酵筒的筒壁表面排列有均匀的小孔，发酵筒的筒壁贯穿有设有小孔的若干小圆管，发酵筒内壁上设有若干根均匀分布的螺旋导料筋，进料口与发酵筒相通，发酵筒的末端与出料口相通，设有进气中心管，进气中心管一端与外筒的腔体中央连通，另一端连接供热供湿供氧系统，动力装置可带动外筒转动。本发明结构简单，清洗方便，自动化水平高，可实现茶叶的清洁生产，发酵后红茶的品质的具有均匀性和一致性，提升了茶叶的品质。
Description
一种多筒旋转式红茶发酵装置
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种茶叶加工设备，尤其是涉及一种红茶发酵装置，应用于红茶加工发酵工序。
背景技术
[0002] 发酵是红茶制作的独特阶段，经过发酵，叶色由绿变红，形成红茶红叶红汤的品质特点。其机理是叶子在揉捻作用下，组织细胞膜结构受到破坏，使多酚类物质与氧化酶充分接触，在酶的作用下产生氧化聚合作用，其他化学成分也相应发生深刻变化，使绿色的茶叶产生红变，形成红茶的色香味品质。发酵最关键要掌握满足茶多酚酶性氧化聚合反应所需要的温度、湿度和氧气量，否则会影响红茶的品质。
[0003]目前发酵方法一般是将揉捻叶放在发酵框或封闭多层输送带的箱体里面进行发酵，在具体操作中，操作难度比较大，自动化程度不高，而且不易清洗，影响红茶的发酵品质，更主要是由于发酵时堆积有一定厚度，用传统的发酵方法不能翻动或翻动甚少，从而影响了发酵茶色泽的一致性。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明主要是解决上述现有技术所存在的问题，提供了一种红茶发酵装置，在红茶发酵时，能设置所需要的时间，定时翻动茶叶，使茶叶发酵后能达到色泽的均匀性，使得红茶品质一致，同时结构简单，清洗方便，达到了自动加湿加温，供给的氧气量能自动调节的效果。
[0005] 本发明解决的技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
[0006] 一种多筒旋转式红茶发酵装置，包括动力装置、供热供湿供氧系统、机架、进料口和出料口，其特征是设有长形外筒，外筒内在同一个圆周上设有若干发酵筒，发酵筒和外筒固定连接，发酵筒的筒壁表面排列有均匀的小孔，发酵筒的筒壁贯穿有设有小孔的若干小圆管，发酵筒内壁上设有若干根均匀分布的螺旋导料筋，进料口设在外筒的前端，进料口与发酵筒相通，外筒末端设有封板，发酵筒的末端与出料口相通，设有进气中心管，进气中心管一端与外筒的腔体中央连通，另一端连接供热供湿供氧系统，动力装置可带动外筒转动。本发明发酵所需的温湿气体和氧气从供热供湿供氧系统供给，由进气中心管接入到外筒的腔体内，使用时，把所需要发酵的红茶通过进料口仅仅向发酵筒输送，进入每个发酵筒，发酵筒的筒壁表面排列有均匀的小孔，供热供湿供氧系统通过发酵筒的小孔把发酵所需要的带温度的湿气以及氧气送入到发酵筒内供发酵用，同时，由于发酵筒的筒壁贯穿有设有小孔的小圆管，供热供湿供氧系统通过小圆管的小孔把发酵所需要的带温度的湿气以及氧气送入到发酵筒茶叶的内部供发酵用，使发酵筒内所需温度湿度及氧气量达到一致性。在发酵到一定的时间，动力装置带动外筒转动，发酵筒内壁圆周方向有若干根均匀分布的呈螺旋形的导料筋，导料筋起翻动及使得茶叶向前输送的作用，使得茶叶在筒内发酵状态一致，发酵后红茶的品质的具有均匀性和一致性，提升了茶叶的品质。当红茶发酵完成，通过外筒转动及导料筋作用，发酵完成的红茶从出料口输出。本发明根据茶树品种情况，进行设定外筒转动的间隔时间和发酵时间，同时在发酵筒里设温度、湿度传感器来控制供热供湿供氧系统的工作情况，实现自动加湿加温，以及供给的氧气量能自动调节的效果，自动化水平高。另外，本发明发酵筒为长筒形结构，清洗非常方便。
[0007] 具体实施时，进料口为进料斗，进料斗和外筒前端设有储料室。储料室通常为锥台形的，与外筒固定连接，储料室与发酵筒相通，储料室储存待发酵的茶叶，仅仅向发酵筒输送。
[0008] 具体实施时，上述小圆管在发酵筒内交错排列。小圆管在发酵筒内交错排列，以进一步保证发酵筒内所需温度湿度及氧气量达到一致性。
[0009] 具体实施时，外筒的内壁圆周方向均布着若干根螺旋导筋，外筒末端设有碎茶出口。在茶叶在发酵筒内发酵时，往往会出现一些细碎茶叶从发酵筒的小孔溢出，因此在外圆筒的内壁圆周方向均布着若干根螺旋导筋，螺旋导筋带动细碎茶叶输出到碎茶出口，主要起到清理碎茶用作。
[0010] 具体实施时，发酵筒为圆形或多边形长筒。
[0011] 具体实施时，出料口设在外筒的筒壁上，发酵筒末端壁上设有出茶管，出茶管另一端通往出料口。通常出料口上设有出茶门，当需要出茶时，打开出茶门，外筒转动，在导料筋作用下使得茶叶输出。
[0012] 具体实施时，动力装置包括电机，外筒末端连接有大齿轮，电机的输出轴设有与大齿轮相啮合的小齿轮，机架上设有托轮，外筒的前后部位设在托轮上。托轮通常为前后各两个，其支撑外筒转动作用，电机工作时，小齿轮带动大齿轮转动，大齿轮带动外筒转动。
[0013] 本发明的有益效果是:
[0014] 1、发酵后红茶的品质的具有均匀性和一致性，提升了茶叶的品质。本发明的发酵筒的的小孔和发酵筒内设有小孔的小圆管结构，对茶叶进行温度的湿气以及氧气送入到发酵筒茶叶的内部供发酵用，导料筋起翻动及使得茶叶向前输送的作用，使得茶叶在筒内发酵状态一致，发酵后红茶的品质的均匀性和一致性，提升了茶叶的品质。
[0015] 2、自动化水平高，可实现茶叶的清洁生产。本发明能定时翻动茶叶，可设定外筒转动的间隔时间和发酵时间，以及控制供热供湿供氧系统的工作情况，实现自动加湿加温，以及供给的氧气量能自动调节的效果，自动化水平高。
[0016] 3、结构简单，清洗方便。本发明发酵筒为长筒形结构，其结构简单，清洗非常方便。附图说明
[0017] 下面结合附图和实施例对发明进一步说明。
[0018] 图1是本发明实施例的结构示意图。
[0019] 图2是本发明实施例图1的P向的结构示意图。
[0020] 图3是本发明实施例图1的A-A剖视的结构示意图。
[0021] 图4是本发明实施例图1的B-B剖视的结构示意图。
[0022] 图5是本发明实施例图1的C-C剖视的结构示意图。
[0023]图中:1、供热供湿供氧系统2、出气连接管3、进气中心管4、大齿轮5、封板
6、发酵筒7、小圆管8、导料筋9、外筒10、螺旋导筋11、前法兰12、储料室13、进料斗14、托轮15、机架16、出茶管17、电机18、小齿轮19、出料口。
具体实施方式
[0024] 图1中，一种多筒旋转式红茶发酵装置，包括动力装置、供热供湿供氧系统1、机架
15、进料斗13和出料口 19，外筒9内在同一个圆周上设有四个发酵筒6，发酵筒6为圆形或多边形长筒，发酵筒6和外筒9固定连接，发酵筒6的筒壁表面排列有均匀的小孔，发酵筒6的筒壁贯穿有设有小孔的若干小圆管7，小圆管7在发酵筒内交错排列，发酵筒内壁上设有若干根均匀分布的螺旋导料筋8，进料斗13和外筒9前端设有锥台形储料室12，储料室12与外筒9用前法兰11固定连接，储料室12与发酵筒相通，外筒9末端设有封板5，出料口 19设在外筒9的筒壁上，发酵筒末端壁上设有出茶管16，出茶管16另一端通往出料口19，出料口 19上设有出茶门，设有进气中心管3，进气中心管3 —端与外筒9的腔体中央连通，另一端通过出气连接管2连接供热供湿供氧系统1，外筒9的内壁圆周方向均布着若干根螺旋导筋10，外筒9末端设有碎茶出口。动力装置包括电机17，外筒9末端连接有大齿轮4，电机17的输出轴设有与大齿轮4相啮合的小齿轮18，机架15上设有托轮14，外筒9的前后部位设在托轮14上。托轮14为前后各两个，其支撑外筒9转动作用，电机17工作时，小齿轮18带动大齿轮4转动，大齿轮4带动外筒9转动。
[0025] 本发明发酵所需的温湿气体和氧气从供热供湿供氧系统I供给，由进气中心管3接入到外筒9的腔体内，使用时，茶叶从进料斗13进入，储料室12储存待发酵的茶叶，把所需要发酵的红茶通过进料斗13向发酵筒6输送，进入每个发酵筒6，发酵筒6的筒壁表面排列有均匀的小孔，供热供湿供氧系统I通过发酵筒6的小孔把发酵所需要的带温度的湿气以及氧气送入到发酵筒6内供发酵用，同时，由于发酵筒6的筒壁贯穿有设有小孔的小圆管7，小圆管7在发酵筒6内交错排列，以进一步保证发酵筒6内所需温度湿度及氧气量达到一致性。供热供湿供氧系统I通过小圆管7的小孔把发酵所需要的带温度的湿气以及氧气送入到发酵筒6茶叶的内部供发酵用，使发酵筒6内所需温度湿度及氧气量达到一致性。在发酵到一定的时间，动力装置带动外筒9转动，发酵筒6内壁圆周方向有若干根均匀分布的呈螺旋形的导料筋8，导料筋8起翻动及使得茶叶向前输送的作用，使得茶叶在筒内发酵状态一致，发酵后红茶的品质的具有均匀性和一致性，提升了茶叶的品质。当红茶发酵完成，通过外筒9转动及导料筋8作用，发酵完成的红茶从出料口 19输出。在茶叶在发酵筒6内发酵时，往往会出现一些细碎茶叶从发酵筒6的小孔溢出，因此在外圆筒的内壁圆周方向均布着若干根螺旋导筋10，螺旋导筋10带动细碎茶叶输出到碎茶出口，主要起到清理碎茶用作。本发明根据茶树品种情况，进行设定外筒9转动的间隔时间和发酵时间，同时在发酵筒6里设温度、湿度传感器来控制供热供湿供氧系统I的工作情况，实现自动加湿加温，以及供给的氧气量能自动调节的效果，自动化水平高。另外，本发明发酵筒6为长筒形结构，清洗非常方便。
[0026] 最后，应当指出，以上实施例仅是本发明较有代表性的例子。显然，本发明不限于上述实施例，还可以有许多变形。凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均应认为属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种多筒旋转式红茶发酵装置，包括动力装置、供热供湿供氧系统、机架、进料口和出料口，其特征是设有长形外筒，外筒内在同一个圆周上设有若干发酵筒，发酵筒和外筒固定连接，发酵筒的筒壁表面排列有均匀的小孔，发酵筒的筒壁贯穿有设有小孔的若干小圆管，发酵筒内壁上设有若干根均匀分布的螺旋导料筋，进料口设在外筒前端，进料口与发酵筒相通，外筒末端设有封板，发酵筒的末端与出料口相通，设有进气中心管，进气中心管一端与外筒的腔体中央连通，另一端连接供热供湿供氧系统，动力装置可带动外筒转动；上述小圆管在发酵筒内交错排列。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多筒旋转式红茶发酵装置，其特征是进料口为进料斗，进料斗和外筒前端设有储料室。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种多筒旋转式红茶发酵装置，其特征是外筒的内壁圆周方向均布着若干根螺旋导筋，外筒末端设有碎茶出口。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种多筒旋转式红茶发酵装置，其特征是发酵筒为圆形或多边形长筒。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种多筒旋转式红茶发酵装置，其特征是出料口设在外筒的筒壁上，发酵筒末端壁上设有出茶管，出茶管另一端通往出料口。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种多筒旋转式红茶发酵装置，其特征是动力装置包括电机，外筒末端连接有大齿轮，电机的输出轴设有与大齿轮相啮合的小齿轮，机架上设有托轮，外筒的前后部位设在托轮上。
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