CN102615133B - Backpressure equal-channel angular extruding mould - Google Patents

Backpressure equal-channel angular extruding mould Download PDF

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CN102615133B
CN102615133B CN201210083360.3A CN201210083360A CN102615133B CN 102615133 B CN102615133 B CN 102615133B CN 201210083360 A CN201210083360 A CN 201210083360A CN 102615133 B CN102615133 B CN 102615133B
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mould
sample
back pressure
way
sliding block
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CN102615133A (en
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李德江
周银鹏
曾小勤
汤晓明
丁文江
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a backpressure equal-channel angular extruding mould which comprises a pressing plate, a guide pillar, a knocking bar, a convex mould, a guide sleeve, a spring, a concave mould, a mould base, a double-fork type punching head, a heating ring, a positioning slide block, a backpressure ejecting rod and an ejecting rod bracket, wherein the rigidity and strength of punching head are increased by the double-fork type punching head; the positioning slide block capable of sliding back and forth is arranged in a horizontal channel, so that the last sample can be conveniently taken out from the horizontal channel; and backpressure is applied to the sample by a backpressure device in an ejecting rod pressurizing form during an extruding process, so that the extruding temperature is efficiently reduced, the grain is refined and the comprehensive mechanical property of magnesium alloy is improved.

Description

Back pressure Equal Channel Angular Pressing mould
Technical field
The present invention relates to materials processing extrusion technique field, is a kind of high efficiency back pressure Equal Channel Angular Pressing mould.
Background technology:
Along with the development of the manufacturing such as Hyundai Motor, Aero-Space, magnesium alloy is subject to its excellent performance
Pay close attention to more and more widely.Minimum (the about 1.74g/cm of the density of magnesium alloy in Applied Materials 3), specific strength and specific stiffness are very high, and damping and amortization is good, machinability is good, electrical and thermal conductivity is good, and on automobile, spacecraft, application can effectively reduce product total quality, has very large development potentiality.
Because magnesium alloy is close-packed hexagonal structure, only have independently slip system of 3 movable slip systems and 2, room temperature poor ductility, has limited the extensive use of magnesium alloy.The Strengthening and Toughening research of magnesium alloy has been subject to people's common concern at present, and according to Hall-Petch relation, HCP structure has higher petch gradient constant, and the grain refining intensificatiom effect of magnesium alloy is relatively good.The approach of grain refinement is a lot, its mechanism is mainly following two aspects: (1) adds grain refiner, as (2) hot-working, plastic deformation technology such as rare earth element Ca, Sr, B, as thermomechanical control, powder metallurgy, mechanical alloying, rapid solidification and degree of depth plastic deformation etc., but material prepared by powder metallurgy and quick setting method can cause the defects such as crackle, porosity and impurity mostly, and degree of depth plastic deformation method can overcome the deficiency of above technique, and there is good structural homogenity.Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is risen in eighties of last century by Segal and partner thereof the beginning of the eighties, the feature of ECAP distortion is to obtain aximal deformation value under the physical dimension condition that does not change sample, easily realize degree of depth plastic deformation, ECAP can obtain the intense plastic strain method of ultra-fine grain and obtains further development and application as a kind of.
Along with the extensive use of magnesium alloy, people are more and more higher to the mechanical property requirements of magnesium alloy, and crystal grain thinning is the important channel of improving magnesium alloy strength and plasticity, and magnesium alloy is carried out to ECAP distortion, crystal grain thinning, improving mechanical property is to prepare an important directions of high-performance magnesium-alloy.Although research and development both at home and abroad at present many ECAP extrusion dies, still there is following shortcoming in existing mould: (1) adopts simple single punch type punch, as patent CN2584308, CN1712155, CN1357240 etc.Punch type punch disadvantage is that rigidity is low, when difficult wrought magnesium alloy is pushed, needs larger pressure, easily bends and unstability.(2) inefficiency of mould, sample of every extruding, needs form removal tool take out sample or will in transverse passage-way, pound out complex operation.As patent CN1792487, CN101590493.(3) existing mould major part does not have back pressure apparatus, can only push with traditional extrusion process, and as CN101797596, CN1792487 etc.
Although By consulting literatures is found when the extrusion die of CN101590493 patent pushes to add back pressure.But there is following defect: (1) adopts simple punch type punch, and drift rigidity is not high, easily bends and unstability; (2) hydraulic press is had relatively high expectations, only have the hydraulic press of three-dimensional could be with this mould extrusion magnesium alloy, two can not use to hydraulic press.After (3) samples have pushed, need form removal tool could take out sample, complex operation, efficiency is low, can not multiple samples continuously extruded.
Known in sum, existing mould major part can only be pushed under traditional technique, can not at lower temperature, push difficult wrought magnesium alloy, and extruding efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that existing ECAP extrusion die exists, a kind of high efficiency back pressure ECAP extrusion die is provided, and the present invention improves drift, adopts two V shape drifts, the cross-sectional area of drift increases, and has improved the Rigidity and strength of drift; In transverse passage-way, place a positioning sliding block, positioning sliding block moves around, convenient last sample taking out in transverse passage-way; Mould right-hand member connects back pressure apparatus, in extrusion process, can apply back pressure to sample with push rod pressuring method, has effectively reduced extrusion temperature, and crystal grain thinning, improves magnesium alloy comprehensive mechanical property.
The present invention program is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of back pressure Equal Channel Angular Pressing mould comprises top board, guide pillar, drift, heating collar, punch, guide pin bushing, spring, die, positioning sliding block, mold base, back pressure push rod support, Vertical Channel, transverse passage-way, guide post and back pressure push rod.
Further, described back pressure Equal Channel Angular Pressing mould also comprises loosening bar, pin, soket head cap screw and punch cushion block.
Described drift upper end is placed in the groove of described punch chamber, and preferred described punch chamber groove is T-slot; Preferably, press a punch cushion block above described punch, preferably cushion block surface and punch upper surface maintain an equal level; Preferably, be fixed together by pin and soket head cap screw; On described drift, with guide post, preferred described guide post is two and forms each other two fork structure.
Described concave die cavity forms a L shaped passage by the transverse passage-way of a vertical perpendicular passage and a connection, and preferred vertical passage and transverse passage-way are 90 ℃; Preferably the left demifacet of transverse passage-way is square, and right-half plane is convex; Place a positioning sliding block in transverse passage-way, left one side of something of described transverse passage-way is shut, just and between positioning sliding block, have a space, preferred described space sectional area equates with sample sectional area the right one side of something of described transverse passage-way; When extruding, sample is extruded from the right.When drift moves down, two guide posts and the positioning sliding block of drift closely cooperate, and when squeezing groove moves down through positioning sliding block, positioning sliding block is directed to pole spacing and firmly can not moves left and right, and when extruding, positioning sliding block can not move in the horizontal direction.
Die is surrounded by a heating collar around, and mould is heated, and in sample holding furnace aside, heats, and sample when extruding in transverse passage-way, can be continuously extruded to multiple samples under same temperature by next sample automatic-extrusion, increased substantially extruding efficiency.
Described transverse passage-way right output port connects back pressure apparatus, and back pressure apparatus comprises back pressure push rod, back pressure push rod support, compression pump.By push rod pressuring method, sample is applied to back pressure, prevent germinating and the expansion of crackle, be conducive to reduce extrusion temperature.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, adopt two V shape drifts, sample pushes in squeezing groove, has increased the cross-sectional area of drift, has improved the rigidity of pressure ram, prevents from when pressure ram is stressed bending and unstability.
2, separately heating of mould and sample, mould is by the heating collar heating of parcel die, and sample heats with holding furnace, and mould heated together with sample in the past, can only push a sample at every turn, and mould efficiency is low.The present invention can realize same a time and multiple samples be carried out continuously extruded, and a rear sample is extruded previous sample in transverse passage-way, need not be at every turn form removal tools or manually pound out and materials all, improved extruding efficiency.
3, in transverse passage-way, place a positioning sliding block, in the time that drift pushes downwards, drift is through positioning sliding block, coordinate with positioning sliding block plug-in type, stuck positioning sliding block, makes the slide block can not continuous moving in transverse passage-way, has shut left one side of something of transverse passage-way by positioning sliding block, between the right one side of something of positioning sliding block and transverse passage-way, have a space, sample can only be extruded from right one side of something.While extruding under same temperature, sample in transverse passage-way is extruded by a rear sample, but last sample extruding remains in transverse passage-way, after punch is extracted, positioning sliding block can move around, pound out positioning sliding block, can take out easily last sample of staying in transverse passage-way, sampling rate is easier to.
4, mould is furnished with back pressure apparatus, by push rod mode, sample is applied to back pressure, and back pressure push rod can insert in transverse passage-way, just applies back pressure in the time that sample is just extruded, and can make sample stressed evenly, and structural homogenity is better.In addition, push rod pressurization deflection compared with resisting medium method is large, is conducive to crystal grain thinning.In addition, according to document, extrusion temperature is lower, and thinning effect is better, and back pressure can prevent germinating and the expansion of crackle, has reduced extrusion temperature, has improved the comprehensive mechanical property of magnesium alloy.
5, the present invention has following advantage compared with traditional mould: (a) drift is improved, adopt two V shape drifts, the cross-sectional area of drift increases, and has improved the Rigidity and strength of drift; (b) separately heating of mould and sample, under same temperature, can carry out multiple samples continuously extrudedly, and a rear sample is extruded previous sample in transverse passage-way, and sampling simply, easy to operate, increased substantially extruding efficiency; (c) in transverse passage-way, place a positioning sliding block, without form removal tool, pound out positioning sliding block, can more conveniently take out last extruding sample; (d) mould is furnished with back pressure apparatus, can in transverse passage-way, apply back pressure to sample in the horizontal direction, back pressure can prevent germinating and the expansion of crackle effectively, under back pressure effect, sample is in three-dimensional stress state, plasticity is better, and magnesium alloy can carry out ECAP crimp and not occur crackle at the temperature compared with low.
6, the present invention is applicable to the ECAP extrusion molding of block magnesium alloy and aluminium alloy, traditional E CAP extrusion die is applicable to traditional handicraft, only at higher temperature, could push difficult wrought magnesium alloy, while extruding under high temperature, crystal grain is easily grown up, thinning effect is not obvious, can not effectively improve magnesium alloy mechanical property, does not bring into play the advantage of Equal Channel Angular Pressing.The present invention improves traditional mould and technique, can effectively reduce difficult wrought magnesium alloy extrusion temperature by applying back pressure, improves its mechanical property.Drift is improved, improved the strength and stiffness of pressure ram.Can carry out multiple samples continuously extrudedly with a time, the sample in transverse passage-way is extruded by next sample, has realized the semi-automation of materialsing, and has simplified extrusion process, easy to operate, has improved extruding efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the structural representation of EACP extrusion die in the specific embodiment: Fig. 1-a is front view, and Fig. 1-b is left view.
Fig. 2 is that the structural representation of specific embodiment convex mould 6: Fig. 2-a has marked E-E and B-B direction, and Fig. 2-b is the cutaway view of E-E direction, and Fig. 2-c is the cutaway view of B-B direction.
Fig. 3 is that the structural representation of die 9 in the specific embodiment: Fig. 3-a has marked A-A and B-B direction, and Fig. 3-b is the cutaway view of A-A direction, and Fig. 3-c is the cutaway view of B-B direction.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of drift 3 in the specific embodiment.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of positioning sliding block 10 in the specific embodiment.
Fig. 6 is the fit structure schematic diagram of drift 3 and positioning sliding block 10 in the specific embodiment: Fig. 6-a is front view, and Fig. 6-b is left view.
Fig. 7 is that the structural representation of back pressure apparatus: Fig. 7-a is back pressure apparatus front view, and Fig. 7-b is right view, and Fig. 7-c is top view.
The specific embodiment:
As shown in Fig. 1-7, in the present embodiment, mould is made up of top board 1, guide pillar 2, drift 3, heating collar 4, loosening bar 5, punch 6, spring 7, guide pin bushing 8, die 9, positioning sliding block 10, mold base 11, back pressure push rod support 12, pin 13, soket head cap screw 14, T-slot 15, Vertical Channel 16, transverse passage-way 17, punch cushion block 18, guide post 19, squeezing groove 20, back pressure push rod 21.
1, die 9 and mold base 11 use bolts and pin 13 are fixed, punch 6 is fixed together with cope match-plate pattern, die and punch assemble, mold base is placed on vertical hydraulic machine worktable, because guide post 19 will through mold base, to enter workbench following, the circular hole of mold base will be aimed at the circular hole of workbench.
2, adjust after position base, mold base is fixed on workbench with tommyhead bolt, first lock is too tight may also need fine setting moving below, and falling pressure machine is fixed together top board and hydraulic press, fixes rear unlifting pressure machine.
3, positioning sliding block is put into transverse passage-way 17, when 10 1 of positioning sliding blocks move to transverse passage-way right-hand member, determine the exact position of slide block, insert and lead in sky with the sectional area square sample identical with guide post size, move down and see whether can pass through smoothly positioning sliding block, can not pass through smoothly time, the moving positioning sliding block of left and right fine setting, until can pass through smoothly positioning sliding block, can guarantee that like this guide post moves down Shi Buhui and encounters positioning sliding block and damage.Only need in the time of installation mold, locate once, guide post accurately coordinates with positioning sliding block, and when extruding, slide block can not move, after push and do not need to relocate.
4, determine the lower limit of hydraulic press, due to the present invention, can to realize the multiple samples of same a time continuously extruded, after a sample of each extruding, do not need form removal tool take out sample or pound out sample in transverse passage-way, by next sample, previous sample to be extruded, so punch does not need to drop to extreme lower position, drop to from transverse passage-way at every turn and also have 10mm place, can avoid like this declining bottom time, guide post bottom contacts with transverse passage-way, reduces impulse force.
5, back pressure apparatus is installed, pressure size has compression pump control, and the back pressure push rod 20 of back pressure apparatus inserts in transverse passage-way.
6, die heating collar 4 is around connected with temperature controller, and design temperature, carries out preheating to mould, preheating in extruded sample holding furnace aside, and mould and sample will be heated to same temperature.
7, mould and sample have arrived after predetermined temperature, set the pressure of back pressure, sample is put into the squeezing groove between two guide posts, sample is carried out to the first passage extruding, can carry out multiple samples with a time continuously extruded, next sample is extruded previous sample in transverse passage-way, easy to operate, does not need form removal tool.After the extruding of 1-4 passage, every time pushes 4 samples.After 1-4 passage, the plasticity of sample makes moderate progress, and does not occur crackle so sample 5-8 passage can be pushed at the temperature compared with low.The temperature that reduces mould and sample, 5-8 passage is pushed at lower temperature.When difficult wrought magnesium alloy pushes under traditional ECAP mould and technique, at higher temperature, could push, when temperature is low, sample can break.The present invention can carry out ECAP distortion and not occur defects i.e.cracks difficult wrought magnesium alloy at the temperature compared with low, and extruding efficiency is obviously promoted.Embodiment 1: Equal Channel Angular Pressing AZ31 magnesium alloy
According to die size, first AZ31 magnesium alloy wire is cut into the square extruded sample of 12 × 12 × 90mm.The temperature controller temperature of heating mould is made as 200 ℃, in sample holding furnace aside, is preheated to 200 ℃, heat after 10 minutes, and to sample, pressure ram, transverse passage-way is coated with lubricant, reduces the friction in extrusion process.
Mould and specimen temperature are preheated to after 200 ℃, and compression pump back pressure is adjusted to 50Mpa, take out sample and be placed in squeezing groove and push from holding furnace, and after first sample extruding, unlifting pressure machine, takes out second sample and put into pressurized tank and push.First sample is extruded in transverse passage-way by second sample, sample after extruding is put into holding furnace, continuously extruded like this, after 8 samples all push, there are 7 samples to be extruded transverse passage-way, also have one and stay in transverse passage-way, proceed the second passage extruding, stay when sample in transverse passage-way is pushed by the sample of lower a time and extrude.
After the extruding of 1-2 passage, mould and specimen temperature are reduced to 175 ℃, proceed the extruding of 3-4 passage, and defects i.e.cracks does not appear in sample in extrusion process.Want 225 ℃ according to document conventional extrusion temperature, Jin Li drops to 180 ℃ with the minimum ECAP extrusion temperature of two step cooling ECAP distortion AZ31 magnesium alloys, in extrusion process, apply back pressure with this invention, can further reduce extrusion temperature, when 150 ℃ of extruding there is not crackle in sample.
Experimental result: according to the thesis for the doctorate of Jin Li, by two step ECAP distortion, 1-4 passage is at 225 ℃, and the 5th passage is pushed at 180 ℃, and grain refinement is to 1um left and right.Pushing with the present invention, applying the back pressure of 50Mpa when extruding, 1-4 passage is pushed at 225 ℃, and the 5th passage extrusion temperature can drop to 150 ℃, and grain refinement is to 0.7 μ m left and right, and yield strength has 230Mpa to bring up to 290Mpa., embodiment 2: Equal Channel Angular Pressing magnesium-rare earth GW103
GW103 is magnesium-rare earth, and hardness ratio is larger, and plasticity is bad, while extruding, need at higher temperature, could push by traditional moulds, and mould is easily excessive and impaired because of pressure, and the intensity to mould and structural requirement are also high.
In the same manner as in Example 1 sample is cut into the square sample of 12 × 12 × 12mm, according to the step installation mold of embodiment 1, mould and sample are preheated to after 420 ℃, sample are put into from holding furnace to squeezing groove and are pushed.Carry out front two passage extruding, sample does not damage in extrusion process.Continue to reduce temperature, discovery conventional extrusion temperature is minimum is 390 ℃, and during lower than 390 ℃ of extruding, sample there will be crack defect.
In order further to reduce temperature, in extrusion process, sample is applied to back pressure, mould and sample are all preheated to 375 ℃, back pressure pressure is made as 100Mpa, from holding furnace, take out sample and push, find to add 100Mpa extruding at 375 ℃ of temperature time there is not crackle in sample, and sample is intact.At 375 ℃, under 100Mpa, sample is carried out to the extruding of 1-4 passage, every time pushes 4 samples.After 4 passages, sample and mold temperature drop to 350 ℃, and back pressure keeps 100Mpa constant, in the time that the 5th passage is pushed at 350 ℃ of temperature, finds that sample does not destroy, and does not occur crackle.
Conventional extrusion minimum temperature is 390 ℃, and grain size is about 5 μ m, while difficult wrought magnesium alloy being carried out to Equal Channel Angular Pressing with the present invention, applies in the situation of 100Mpa, and extrusion temperature can be reduced to 350 ℃, and crystallite dimension is reduced to 3 μ m left and right.Compare with technique with conventional mould, can obviously reduce extrusion temperature, and extruding efficiency obviously promote, complete very soon the 1-8 passage Equal Channel Angular Pressing of 20 samples.

Claims (10)

1. a back pressure Equal Channel Angular Pressing mould, comprise top board, guide pillar, drift, heating collar, punch, guide pin bushing, mold base, spring and die, described drift upper end is placed in the groove of punch chamber, it is characterized in that, also comprise: positioning sliding block, guide post and back pressure apparatus, described back pressure apparatus comprises back pressure push rod, in described matrix cavity, be provided with the transverse passage-way of a perpendicular passage and a connection, in described transverse passage-way, place described positioning sliding block, described drift is two V shape drifts, when described drift moves down, described guide post on described drift and described positioning sliding block closely cooperate can the stuck described positioning sliding block in left and right, described in when extruding, positioning sliding block horizontal direction does not move, left one side of something of described transverse passage-way can be shut by described positioning sliding block, between the right one side of something of described transverse passage-way and positioning sliding block, leave space, described back pressure push rod can insert in described transverse passage-way.
2. mould according to claim 1, wherein, described transverse passage-way right output port connects described back pressure apparatus.
3. mould according to claim 1, wherein, described guide post becomes two pronged shape.
4. mould according to claim 1, wherein, described mould also comprises punch cushion block.
5. mould according to claim 4, wherein, described cushion block surface and described punch upper surface maintain an equal level, and are fixed together.
6. mould according to claim 1, wherein, the left demifacet of described transverse passage-way is square, right-half plane is convex.
7. mould according to claim 1, wherein, the cross section in described space equates with the cross section of sample, when extruding, sample can be extruded from the right.
8. mould according to claim 1, wherein, described punch chamber groove is T-slot.
9. according to the mould described in claim 1-8 any one, wherein, described back pressure apparatus also comprises back pressure push rod support.
10. mould according to claim 9, wherein, described die is enclosed with heating collar around.
CN201210083360.3A 2012-03-27 2012-03-27 Backpressure equal-channel angular extruding mould Active CN102615133B (en)

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CN103014387B (en) * 2012-12-24 2014-08-06 中北大学 Preparation method of magnesium base composite doped with SiC grains
CN103586299A (en) * 2013-11-27 2014-02-19 山东建筑大学 High-alloy steel flexible wheel blank warm-extrusion technology used for harmonic wave decelerator
CN104630528A (en) * 2015-01-20 2015-05-20 南昌大学 Preparation method of in-situ reduced graphene reinforced magnesium-matrix composite
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