CN102615133A - Backpressure equal-channel angular extruding mould - Google Patents
Backpressure equal-channel angular extruding mould Download PDFInfo
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- CN102615133A CN102615133A CN2012100833603A CN201210083360A CN102615133A CN 102615133 A CN102615133 A CN 102615133A CN 2012100833603 A CN2012100833603 A CN 2012100833603A CN 201210083360 A CN201210083360 A CN 201210083360A CN 102615133 A CN102615133 A CN 102615133A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a backpressure equal-channel angular extruding mould which comprises a pressing plate, a guide pillar, a knocking bar, a convex mould, a guide sleeve, a spring, a concave mould, a mould base, a double-fork type punching head, a heating ring, a positioning slide block, a backpressure ejecting rod and an ejecting rod bracket, wherein the rigidity and strength of punching head are increased by the double-fork type punching head; the positioning slide block capable of sliding back and forth is arranged in a horizontal channel, so that the last sample can be conveniently taken out from the horizontal channel; and backpressure is applied to the sample by a backpressure device in an ejecting rod pressurizing form during an extruding process, so that the extruding temperature is efficiently reduced, the grain is refined and the comprehensive mechanical property of magnesium alloy is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to materials processing extrusion technique field, is a kind of high efficiency back pressure equal channel angle extrusion die.
Background technology:
Along with the development of manufacturings such as Hyundai Motor, Aero-Space, magnesium alloy receives with its excellent performance
Concern more and more widely.Minimum (the about 1.74g/cm of the density of magnesium alloy in Applied Materials
3), specific strength and specific stiffness are very high, and damping and amortization is good, machinability is good, electrical and thermal conductivity is good, on automobile, spacecraft, use and can effectively reduce the product total quality, and very big development potentiality is arranged.
Because magnesium alloy is close-packed hexagonal structure, have only independently slip system of 3 movable slip systems and 2, the room temperature poor ductility has limited the extensive use of magnesium alloy.The Strengthening and Toughening research of magnesium alloy has received people's common concern at present, and according to the Hall-Petch relation, the HCP structure has higher petch gradient constant, and the crystal grain thinning strengthening effect of magnesium alloy is relatively good.The approach of grain refinement is a lot; Its mechanism mainly is following two aspects: (1) adds grain refiner; Like (2) hot-working such as rare earth element Ca, Sr, B, plastic deformation technology; Like the mechanical control of heat, powder metallurgy, mechanical alloying, rapid solidification and degree of depth plastic deformation etc.; Yet the material of powder metallurgy and quick setting method preparation can cause defectives such as crackle, porosity and impurity mostly, and degree of depth plastic deformation method can overcome the deficiency of above technology, and the favorable tissue uniformity is arranged.Equal channel angle extrusion (ECAP) is risen in eighties of last century by Segal and partner thereof the beginning of the eighties; The characteristics of ECAP distortion are to obtain aximal deformation value not changing under the physical dimension condition of sample; Realize easily degree of depth plastic deformation, ECAP can obtain the intense plastic strain method of ultra-fine grain and further developed and use as a kind of.
Extensive use along with magnesium alloy; People are increasingly high to the mechanical property requirements of magnesium alloy, and crystal grain thinning is the important channel of improving magnesium alloy strength and plasticity, and magnesium alloy is carried out the ECAP distortion; Crystal grain thinning, improving mechanical property is an important directions of preparation high-performance magnesium-alloy.Though research and development both at home and abroad at present many ECAP extrusion dies, still there is following shortcoming in existing mould: simple single punch type punch is adopted in (1), like patent CN2584308, CN1712155, CN1357240 etc.Punch type punch disadvantage is that rigidity is low, when difficult wrought magnesium alloy is pushed, needs bigger pressure, bends and unstability easily.(2) inefficiency of mould, sample of every extruding needs the form removal tool to take out sample and perhaps will in transverse passage-way, pound out complex operation.Like patent CN1792487, CN101590493.(3) existing mould major part does not have back pressure apparatus, can only use traditional extrusion process extruding, like CN101797596, and CN1792487 etc.
Though consulting document finds can add back pressure when the extrusion die of CN101590493 patent pushes.But have following defective: simple punch type punch is adopted in (1), and drift rigidity is not high, bends and unstability easily; (2) hydraulic press is had relatively high expectations, have only the hydraulic press of three-dimensional could use this mould extrusion magnesium alloy, two can not use to hydraulic press.After (3) samples have pushed, need the form removal tool could take out sample, complex operation, efficient is low, and is can not a plurality of samples continuously extruded.
Can know that in sum existing mould major part can only be pushed under traditional technology, can not under lower temperature, push, and extruding efficient is low difficult wrought magnesium alloy.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that existing ECAP extrusion die exists; A kind of high efficiency back pressure ECAP extrusion die is provided, and the present invention improves drift, adopts two V shape drifts; The cross-sectional area of drift increases, and has improved the rigidity and the intensity of drift; Place a positioning sliding block in the transverse passage-way, positioning sliding block moves around, convenient last appearance of taking out in the transverse passage-way; The mould right-hand member connects back pressure apparatus, can apply back pressure to sample with the push rod pressuring method in the extrusion process, has reduced extrusion temperature effectively, and crystal grain thinning improves the magnesium alloy comprehensive mechanical property.
The present invention program realizes through following technical scheme:
A kind of back pressure equal channel angle extrusion die comprises top board, guide pillar, drift, heating collar, punch, guide pin bushing, spring, die, positioning sliding block, mold base, back pressure push rod support, Vertical Channel, transverse passage-way, guide post and back pressure push rod.
Further, said back pressure equal channel angle extrusion die also comprises loosening bar, pin, soket head cap screw and punch cushion block.
Said drift upper end is placed in the groove of said punch chamber, and preferred said punch chamber groove is a T-slot; Preferable, press a punch cushion block above the said punch, preferred cushion block surface and punch upper surface maintain an equal level; Preferable, be fixed together through pin and soket head cap screw; Have guide post on the said drift, preferred said guide post is two and forms two fork structure each other.
Said concave die cavity is formed a L shaped passage by the transverse passage-way of a vertical perpendicular passage and a connection, and preferred vertical passage and transverse passage-way are 90 ℃; Preferred transverse passage-way left side demifacet is square, and right-half plane is a convex; Place a positioning sliding block in the transverse passage-way, make half of being shut in a left side of said transverse passage-way, the right one side of something of said transverse passage-way just and a space is arranged between the positioning sliding block, preferred said space sectional area equates with the sample sectional area; Sample is extruded from the right during extruding.When drift moved down, two guide posts and the positioning sliding block of drift closely cooperated, and squeezing groove moves down when passing positioning sliding block, and positioning sliding block is directed to pole spacing firmly can not move left and right, and positioning sliding block can not move in the horizontal direction during extruding.
Be surrounded by a heating collar around the die, mould is heated, heat in the sample holding furnace aside, the sample during extruding in the transverse passage-way is extruded by next appearance automatically, can be continuously extruded under the same temperature to a plurality of samples, increased substantially extruding efficient.
Said transverse passage-way right output port connects back pressure apparatus, and back pressure apparatus comprises the back pressure push rod, back pressure push rod support, compression pump.Through the push rod pressuring method sample is applied back pressure, prevent the germinating and the expansion of crackle, help reducing extrusion temperature.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, adopt two V shape drifts, sample pushes in squeezing groove, has increased the cross-sectional area of drift, has improved the rigidity of pressure ram, prevents to bend and unstability when pressure ram is stressed.
2, separately heating of mould and sample, mould is through the heating collar heating of parcel die, and sample heats with holding furnace, and mould and sample heated together in the past, can only push an appearance at every turn, and mould efficient is low.The present invention can realize with a time a plurality of samples being carried out continuously extruded, and a back sample is extruded previous sample in transverse passage-way, need not be at every turn all form removal tool or manual work pound out and materials, improved extruding efficient.
3, place a positioning sliding block in the transverse passage-way, when drift pushed downwards, drift passed positioning sliding block; Cooperate with the positioning sliding block plug-in type; Stuck positioning sliding block can not move slide block continuously in transverse passage-way, a left side of having shut transverse passage-way through positioning sliding block is half of; Between the right one side of something of positioning sliding block and transverse passage-way a space is arranged, sample can only be extruded from right one side of something.When pushing under the same temperature; Sample in the transverse passage-way is extruded by a back sample, but last sample extruding remains in the transverse passage-way, after punch is extracted; Positioning sliding block can move around; Pound out positioning sliding block, can take out last sample of staying in the transverse passage-way easily, sampling rate is easier to.
4, mould is furnished with back pressure apparatus, through the push rod mode sample is applied back pressure, and the back pressure push rod can insert in the transverse passage-way, when sample just is extruded, just applies back pressure, can make sample stressed evenly, and structural homogenity is better.In addition, it is big that push rod pressurization and resisting medium method are compared deflection, helps crystal grain thinning.In addition, according to document, extrusion temperature is low more, and thinning effect is good more, and back pressure can prevent the germinating and the expansion of crackle, has reduced extrusion temperature, has improved the comprehensive mechanical property of magnesium alloy.
5, compare the present invention with conventional molds following advantage is arranged: (a) drift is improved, adopt two V shape drifts, the cross-sectional area of drift increases, and has improved the rigidity and the intensity of drift; (b) separately heating of mould and sample under the same temperature, can be carried out continuously extrudedly to a plurality of samples, and a back sample is extruded previous sample in transverse passage-way, and sampling simply, and is easy to operate, increased substantially extruding efficient; (c) place a positioning sliding block in the transverse passage-way,, pound out positioning sliding block, last extruding appearance of taking-up that can be more convenient without the form removal tool; (d) mould is furnished with back pressure apparatus; Can in transverse passage-way, apply back pressure to sample in the horizontal direction; Back pressure can prevent the germinating and the expansion of crackle effectively, and under the back pressure effect, sample is in three-dimensional stress state; Plasticity is better, and magnesium alloy can carry out ECAP crimp and crackle not occur under lower temperature.
6, the present invention is applicable to the ECAP extrusion molding of block magnesium alloy and aluminium alloy; Traditional E CAP extrusion die is applicable to traditional handicraft, only under higher temperature, could push difficult wrought magnesium alloy, when high temperature pushes down; Crystal grain is grown up easily; Thinning effect is not obvious, can not improve magnesium alloy mechanical property effectively, has brought into play not the advantage of equal channel angle extruding.The present invention improves conventional molds and technology, can reduce difficult wrought magnesium alloy extrusion temperature effectively through applying back pressure, improves its mechanical property.Drift is improved, improved the strength and stiffness of pressure ram.Can carry out continuously extrudedly to a plurality of samples with a time, the sample in the transverse passage-way is extruded by next appearance, has realized the semi-automation of materialsing, and has simplified extrusion process, and is easy to operate, improved extruding efficient.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of EACP extrusion die in the specific embodiment: Fig. 1-a is a front view, and Fig. 1-b is a left view.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of punch 6 in the specific embodiment: Fig. 2-a has marked E-E and B-B direction, and Fig. 2-b is the cutaway view of E-E direction, and Fig. 2-c is the cutaway view of B-B direction.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of die 9 in the specific embodiment: Fig. 3-a has marked A-A and B-B direction, and Fig. 3-b is the cutaway view of A-A direction, and Fig. 3-c is the cutaway view of B-B direction.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of drift 3 in the specific embodiment.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of positioning sliding block 10 in the specific embodiment.
Fig. 6 is the fit structure sketch map of drift in the specific embodiment 3 and positioning sliding block 10: Fig. 6-a is a front view, and Fig. 6-b is a left view.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of back pressure apparatus: Fig. 7-a is the back pressure apparatus front view, and Fig. 7-b is a right view, and Fig. 7-c is a vertical view.
The specific embodiment:
Shown in Fig. 1-7, mould is made up of top board 1, guide pillar 2, drift 3, heating collar 4, loosening bar 5, punch 6, spring 7, guide pin bushing 8, die 9, positioning sliding block 10, mold base 11, back pressure push rod support 12, pin 13, soket head cap screw 14, T-slot 15, Vertical Channel 16, transverse passage-way 17, punch cushion block 18, guide post 19, squeezing groove 20, back pressure push rod 21 in the present embodiment.
1, with die 9 and mold base 11 usefulness bolt with pin and 13 fix; Punch 6 is fixed together with cope match-plate pattern; Die and punch assemble; Mold base is placed on the vertical hydraulic machine worktable, gets into workbench bottom because guide post 19 will pass mold base, the circular hole of mold base will be aimed at the circular hole of workbench.
2, adjust position base after, with tommyhead bolt mold base is fixed on the workbench, earlier the too tight back of lock possibly also need be finely tuned movingly, the falling pressure machine is fixed together top board and hydraulic press, unlifting pressure machine after fixing.
3, put into transverse passage-way 17 to positioning sliding block, when 10 1 of positioning sliding blocks move to the transverse passage-way right-hand member, confirm the exact position of slide block; Insert in the guiding sky with the sectional area square sample identical with the guide post size; Move down and see whether can pass through positioning sliding block smoothly, can not be smoothly through the time, about the moving positioning sliding block of fine setting; Up to positioning sliding block being passed through smoothly, can guarantee that like this guide post moves down Shi Buhui and runs into positioning sliding block and damage.Only need when installation mold, locate once, guide post accurately cooperates with positioning sliding block, and slide block can not move during extruding, and the back extruding does not need to locate again.
4, confirm the lower limit of hydraulic press; Because it is continuously extruded that the present invention can realize with a plurality of samples of a time, push does not need behind the sample form removal tool to take out sample or in transverse passage-way, pounds out sample at every turn, is to extrude previous sample through next sample; So punch need not drop to extreme lower position; Drop to from transverse passage-way at every turn and also have the 10mm place, the guide post bottom contacts with transverse passage-way in the time of can avoiding descending the bottom like this, the minimizing impulse force.
5, back pressure apparatus is installed, the pressure size has compression pump control, and the back pressure push rod 20 of back pressure apparatus inserts in the transverse passage-way.
6, the heating collar 4 around the die is connected with temperature controller, and design temperature carries out preheating to mould, preheating in the extruded sample holding furnace aside, and mould and sample will be heated to same temperature.
7, after mould and sample have arrived predetermined temperature; Configure the pressure of back pressure, sample is put into the squeezing groove between two guide posts, and sample is carried out the extruding of first passage; It is continuously extruded to carry out a plurality of samples with a time; Next sample is extruded previous sample in transverse passage-way, easy to operate, does not need the form removal tool.After the extruding of 1-4 passage, every time pushes 4 appearance.The plasticity of sample makes moderate progress after the 1-4 passage, crackle do not occur so sample 5-8 passage can be pushed under lower temperature.Reduce the temperature of mould and sample, the 5-8 passage is pushed under lower temperature.When difficult wrought magnesium alloy pushes under traditional ECAP mould and technology, under higher temperature, could push, sample can break when temperature was low.The present invention can be under lower temperature carries out the ECAP distortion and defective such as crackle do not occur difficult wrought magnesium alloy, and extruding efficient is obviously promoted.Embodiment 1: equal channel angle extruding AZ31 magnesium alloy
According to die size, cut into the AZ31 magnesium alloy wire the square extruded sample of 12 * 12 * 90mm earlier.The temperature controller temperature of heating mould is made as 200 ℃, is preheated to 200 ℃ in the sample holding furnace aside, heat after 10 minutes, and to sample, pressure ram, transverse passage-way is coated with lubricant, reduces the friction in the extrusion process.
After mould and specimen temperature were preheated to 200 ℃, the compression pump back pressure transferred to 50Mpa, from holding furnace, took out sample and was placed in the squeezing groove and pushes, and after first appearance extruding, the unlifting pressure machine takes out second appearance and puts into pressurized tank and push.First appearance is extruded in transverse passage-way by second appearance; Appearance after the extruding is put into holding furnace, and is continuously extruded like this, after 8 appearance are all pushed; There are 7 appearance to be extruded transverse passage-way; Also have one and stay in the transverse passage-way, proceed the extruding of second passage, stay the interior appearance quilt of transverse passage-way and extrude when the appearance of a time is pushed down.
After the extruding of 1-2 passage, mould and specimen temperature are reduced to 175 ℃, proceed the extruding of 3-4 passage, and defectives such as crackle do not appear in sample in extrusion process.Want 225 ℃ according to the conventional extrusion temperature of document; Jin Li drops to 180 ℃ with the minimum ECAP extrusion temperature of two steps cooling ECAP distortion AZ31 magnesium alloy; In extrusion process, apply back pressure with this invention, can further reduce extrusion temperature, crackle does not appear in sample during 150 ℃ of extruding.
Experimental result: according to the thesis for the doctorate of Jin Li, through two step ECAP distortion, the 1-4 passage is under 225 ℃, and the 5th passage is 180 ℃ of extruding down, and grain refinement is to about the 1um.Pushing with the present invention, applying the back pressure of 50Mpa during extruding, the 1-4 passage is 225 ℃ of down extruding, and the 5th passage extrusion temperature can drop to 150 ℃, and grain refinement is to about the 0.7 μ m, and yield strength has 230Mpa to bring up to 290Mpa., embodiment 2: equal channel angle extruding magnesium-rare earth GW103
GW103 is a magnesium-rare earth, and hardness ratio is bigger, and plasticity is bad, need under higher temperature, could push when pushing with traditional moulds, and mould is excessive and impaired because of pressure easily, and is also high to the intensity and the structural requirement of mould.
Equally with embodiment 1 cut into the square sample of 12 * 12 * 12mm to sample,, after mould and sample are preheated to 420 ℃, from holding furnace, put into squeezing groove to sample and push according to the step installation mold of embodiment 1.Carry out preceding two passages extruding, sample does not damage in extrusion process.Continue to reduce temperature, find conventional extrusion temperature minimum be 390 ℃, crack defect can appear in sample when being lower than 390 ℃ of extruding.
In order further to reduce temperature, in extrusion process, sample is applied back pressure, mould and sample all are preheated to 375 ℃; Back pressure pressure is made as 100Mpa; From holding furnace, take out sample and push, crackle does not appear in sample when finding under 375 ℃ of temperature, to add the 100Mpa extruding, and sample is intact.At 375 ℃, under the 100Mpa sample is carried out the extruding of 1-4 passage, every time pushes 4 appearance.After 4 passages, sample and mold temperature drop to 350 ℃, and back pressure keeps 100Mpa constant, find that when the 5th passage is pushed under 350 ℃ of temperature sample does not destroy, and crackle do not occur.
Conventional extruding minimum temperature is 390 ℃, and the crystallite dimension size is about 5 μ m, when with the present invention difficult wrought magnesium alloy being carried out the equal channel angle extruding, applies under the situation of 100Mpa, and extrusion temperature can be reduced to 350 ℃, and crystallite dimension is reduced to about 3 μ m.Compare with technology with conventional mould, can obviously reduce extrusion temperature, and extruding efficient obviously promotes, accomplish the 1-8 passage equal channel angle extruding of 20 appearance very soon.
Claims (10)
1. a back pressure equal channel angle extrusion die comprises top board, guide pillar, drift, heating collar, punch, guide pin bushing, mold base, spring and die; Said drift upper end is placed in the groove of punch chamber, it is characterized in that also comprising: positioning sliding block, guide post and back pressure apparatus, and said back pressure apparatus comprises the back pressure push rod; Be provided with the transverse passage-way of a perpendicular passage and a connection in the said matrix cavity; Place said positioning sliding block in the said transverse passage-way, when said drift moves down, the stuck said positioning sliding block in the left and right sides but said guide post on the said drift and said positioning sliding block closely cooperate; Said positioning sliding block horizontal direction does not move during extruding; Left one side of something of said transverse passage-way can be shut by said positioning sliding block, leaves the space between right one side of something of said transverse passage-way and the positioning sliding block, and said back pressure push rod can insert in the said transverse passage-way.
2. mould according to claim 1, wherein, said transverse passage-way right output port connects said back pressure apparatus.
3. mould according to claim 1, wherein, said guide post becomes two pronged shape.
4. mould according to claim 1, wherein, said mould also comprises the punch cushion block.
5. mould according to claim 4, wherein, said cushion block surface and said punch upper surface maintain an equal level, and are fixed together.
6. mould according to claim 1, wherein, said transverse passage-way left side demifacet is square, right-half plane is a convex.
7. mould according to claim 1, wherein, the cross section in said space equates that with the cross section of sample sample can be extruded from the right during extruding.
8. mould according to claim 1, wherein, said punch chamber groove is a T-slot.
9. according to each described mould of claim 1-8, wherein, said back pressure apparatus also comprises back pressure push rod support.
10. mould according to claim 9 wherein, is enclosed with heating collar around the said die.
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| CN201210083360.3A CN102615133B (en) | 2012-03-27 | 2012-03-27 | Backpressure equal-channel angular extruding mould |
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| CN201210083360.3A CN102615133B (en) | 2012-03-27 | 2012-03-27 | Backpressure equal-channel angular extruding mould |
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| CN102839340A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2012-12-26 | 上海交通大学 | Extrusion process for preparing high-strength and high-plasticity rare earth-magnesium alloy |
| CN103014387A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-04-03 | 中北大学 | Preparation method of magnesium base composite doped with SiC grains |
| CN103586299A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-02-19 | 山东建筑大学 | High-alloy steel flexible wheel blank warm-extrusion technology used for harmonic wave decelerator |
| CN104630528A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-05-20 | 南昌大学 | Preparation method of in-situ reduced graphene reinforced magnesium-matrix composite |
| CN107447943A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-12-08 | 芜湖市秋华保温材料有限责任公司 | Expansion joints bellows exterior-wall heat insulation fixed plate |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102839340A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2012-12-26 | 上海交通大学 | Extrusion process for preparing high-strength and high-plasticity rare earth-magnesium alloy |
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| CN103014387A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-04-03 | 中北大学 | Preparation method of magnesium base composite doped with SiC grains |
| CN103014387B (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2014-08-06 | 中北大学 | Preparation method of magnesium base composite doped with SiC grains |
| CN103586299A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-02-19 | 山东建筑大学 | High-alloy steel flexible wheel blank warm-extrusion technology used for harmonic wave decelerator |
| CN104630528A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-05-20 | 南昌大学 | Preparation method of in-situ reduced graphene reinforced magnesium-matrix composite |
| CN107447943A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-12-08 | 芜湖市秋华保温材料有限责任公司 | Expansion joints bellows exterior-wall heat insulation fixed plate |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102615133B (en) | 2014-06-11 |
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