CN102606181B - Hyperstatic scour prevention four-dimensional roadway support device and support method thereof - Google Patents
Hyperstatic scour prevention four-dimensional roadway support device and support method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title 1
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种巷道超静定防冲四维支护装置。该装置包括按照一定规律阵列分布的设置在巷顶、巷帮或底板的锚固锚索和设置在巷顶、巷帮或底板的锚杆，锚固锚索在锚索孔处设置有护孔碗锁，所述的锚固锚索裸露在巷道内的锚索拆散为若干组钢绞线，所述的钢绞线向不同方向通过锁具与相邻的锚杆连接或者锚固锚索的钢绞线连接，所述的钢绞线与煤岩体表面之间设置有变形块。采用该技术方案的巷道超静定防冲四维支护装置，可以控制巷道的轴向、切向和径向的作用力，适用于高应力区、强扰动、有冲击倾向性的工程围岩的大变形控制。本发明还公开了所述巷道超静定防冲四维支护装置的支护方法，该方法操作简便、可靠，便于施工。
The invention discloses a four-dimensional support device for ultra-static stability and anti-scouring of roadways. The device includes anchor cables arranged on the roadway roof, roadside or floor and anchor rods arranged on the roadway roof, roadside or floor according to a certain regular array, and the anchor cable is provided with a protective hole bowl lock at the anchor hole. , the anchor cables exposed in the roadway are dismantled into several groups of steel strands, and the steel strands are connected to the adjacent anchor rods or the steel strands of the anchor cables in different directions through locks, A deformation block is arranged between the steel strand and the surface of the coal rock mass. The roadway ultra-statically definite anti-scour four-dimensional support device adopting this technical scheme can control the axial, tangential and radial forces of the roadway, and is suitable for engineering surrounding rocks in high stress areas, strong disturbances, and impact tendencies Large deformation control. The invention also discloses a support method of the roadway ultra-statically definite anti-scouring four-dimensional support device, which is simple and reliable in operation and convenient for construction.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种巷道（硐室）支护加固装置及其支护方法，尤其是一种煤矿井下高应力区巷道超静定防冲四维支护装置及其支护方法。 The invention relates to a roadway (chamber) support and reinforcement device and a support method thereof, in particular to an ultra-static anti-scouring four-dimensional support device and a support method for a roadway in a high-stress area of a coal mine underground.
技术背景 technical background
随着煤矿开采深度的增加，覆岩运动和矿山压力都表现出了一些新特征。深部采场、巷道和硐室的围岩呈现应力高、温度高、地下水水压高、扰动强度高、冲击危险高、蠕变明显、变形大等特点，造成巷道和硐室支护困难，返修频繁，维护费用巨大等问题。 With the increase of coal mining depth, the movement of overburden rock and mine pressure have shown some new features. Surrounding rocks in deep stopes, roadways and chambers are characterized by high stress, high temperature, high groundwater pressure, high disturbance intensity, high impact risk, obvious creep, and large deformation, which makes it difficult to support roadways and chambers and requires repairs. Frequent, huge maintenance costs and other issues.
目前，高应力区域的巷道和硐室支护主要采用普通锚网索、桁架锚杆、锚注、U形钢套棚等技术。这些采用补强等方法支护技术，比较适合浅部开采围岩变形控制，但对具有应力高、温度高、地下水水压高、扰动强度高、冲击危险高、蠕变明显、变形大等特点的深部围岩的变形控制，不能达到较好效果。 At present, roadways and chambers in high-stress areas are mainly supported by ordinary anchor mesh cables, truss anchors, anchor injection, and U-shaped steel sheds. These support technologies, such as reinforcement, are more suitable for the deformation control of surrounding rocks in shallow mining, but they have the characteristics of high stress, high temperature, high groundwater pressure, high disturbance intensity, high impact risk, obvious creep, and large deformation. The deformation control of the deep surrounding rock cannot achieve good results.
普通锚网索支护：主要提高巷道围岩部分区域径向的抗变形能力，不能对围岩施加沿巷道轴向和切向的作用力，无法较好控制锚杆间、锚索间和锚杆与锚索间围岩的变形；特别是当锚杆间围岩出现大变形而垮落后，会造成锚杆支护失效，引发冒顶等灾害。 Ordinary anchor net cable support: mainly to improve the radial deformation resistance of some areas of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and cannot exert axial and tangential forces on the surrounding rock along the roadway, and cannot better control the anchor rods, anchor cables and anchors. The deformation of the surrounding rock between the rod and the anchor cable; especially when the surrounding rock between the anchor rod undergoes large deformation and collapses, it will cause the failure of the bolt support and cause disasters such as roof fall.
专利号为200410041465.8公开的一种煤层巷道三维锚索网支护技术， Patent No. 200410041465.8 discloses a coal seam roadway three-dimensional anchor cable network support technology,
（1）有一个方向是一股钢绞线，会使各方向受力不均匀； (1) One direction is a steel strand, which will cause uneven force in each direction;
（2）锚索尾部钢绞线在锚索孔外沿水平面十字方向分开，张拉后，前、后钢绞线对锚索的力组成平衡力系，对煤岩沿巷道轴向没有挤压作用； (2) The steel strand at the tail of the anchor cable is separated along the cross direction of the horizontal plane outside the anchor cable hole. After tensioning, the force of the front and rear steel strands on the anchor cable forms a balanced force system, and there is no extrusion on the coal and rock along the axial direction of the roadway effect;
（3）沿巷道顶板中轴线单排间隔设置固定顶板岩层的锚索，只适用于断面较小的巷道； (3) Anchor cables for fixing the roof strata are arranged in single rows along the central axis of the roof of the roadway at intervals, which is only suitable for roadways with small cross-sections;
（4）这种钢绞线连接方式，容易造成偏心拉伸，使得部分钢绞线由于载荷较大而破断； (4) This kind of steel strand connection method is easy to cause eccentric stretching, which makes some steel strands break due to heavy load;
（5）锚索和锚杆处于同一排，受锚杆外露部分和锁具的影响，无法紧接顶板，钢绞线无法对顶板施加径向力。 (5) The anchor cable and the anchor rod are in the same row. Due to the influence of the exposed part of the anchor rod and the lock, they cannot be in close contact with the roof, and the steel strand cannot exert radial force on the roof.
（6）由于护孔碗对锚索没有锁紧功能，当有钢绞线断股时就会减弱锚索对顶板变形的控制作用。 (6) Since the hole guard bowl has no locking function for the anchor cable, when a steel strand is broken, the control effect of the anchor cable on the deformation of the roof will be weakened.
专利号为200410041386.7公开的一种控制煤岩顶帮变形的桁架支护技术， Patent No. 200410041386.7 discloses a truss support technology to control the deformation of the roof of the coal rock,
（1）两根锚索联接控制整个帮或顶部煤岩，挤压范围大，作用有限，特别是对帮或顶部中间部分的煤岩几乎起不到作用； (1) Two anchor cables are connected to control the entire side or top coal rock, with a large extrusion range and limited effect, especially for the coal rock in the middle part of the side or top;
（2）钢绞线绝大部分不能紧贴巷道表面，无法施加挤压力； (2) Most of the steel strands cannot cling to the surface of the roadway and cannot apply extrusion force;
（3）对煤岩无沿巷道轴向的作用力； (3) There is no axial force on the coal and rock along the roadway;
（4）联接器承受偏载，容易损坏； (4) The coupling bears partial load and is easily damaged;
（5）锚索部分分力对围岩变形控制有作用，大部分力用于互相平衡，效率不高。 (5) Part of the force component of the anchor cable has an effect on the deformation control of the surrounding rock, and most of the force is used to balance each other, which is not efficient.
公告号为CN2564755Y公开的一种三维锚索 A three-dimensional anchor cable disclosed by the announcement number CN2564755Y
（1）有一个方向是一股钢绞线，会使各方向受力不均匀； (1) One direction is a steel strand, which will cause uneven force in each direction;
（2）锚孔以外的绳索一分为四，由双向对拉锁具锁紧在两个锚孔相对应拉紧的绳索钢丝上。张拉后，前后钢丝、左右钢丝对锚索的力分别组成平衡力系，对煤岩沿巷道轴向和切向没有挤压作用； (2) The rope outside the anchor hole is divided into four parts, and the two-way pull lock is locked on the corresponding tensioned rope steel wire of the two anchor holes. After tensioning, the forces of the front and rear steel wires and the left and right steel wires on the anchor cables respectively form a balanced force system, and there is no extrusion effect on the coal and rock along the axial and tangential directions of the roadway;
（3）护孔碗为四瓣翼圆，当折弯钢丝进行联接、张拉和后期变形时，钢丝容易滑入槽口，割裂围岩；另外，由于护孔碗没有锁紧功能，当有钢丝断股时就会减弱绳索对顶板下沉的控制作用； (3) The hole protection bowl is a four-lobed wing circle. When the bent steel wire is connected, stretched and deformed later, the steel wire is easy to slide into the notch and split the surrounding rock; in addition, because the hole protection bowl has no locking function, when there is When the steel wire is broken, the control effect of the rope on the sinking of the roof will be weakened;
（4）绳索受护孔碗和锁具的影响，钢丝无法紧贴顶板，无法对顶板施加径向力。 (4) The rope is affected by the hole guard bowl and the lock, the steel wire cannot cling to the top plate, and cannot exert radial force on the top plate.
（5）没有与其它绳索相联的钢丝，其固定难度很大；当固定不太好时，同样会减弱绳索对顶板下沉的控制作用。 (5) There is no steel wire connected with other ropes, so it is very difficult to fix; when the fixation is not good, the control effect of the rope on the sinking of the roof will also be weakened.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
技术问题：本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种巷道超静定防冲四维支护装置，该装置适用于高应力区、强扰动、有冲击倾向性的大断面工程围岩的变形控制及防护。本发明另外一个目的在于提供所述巷道超静定防冲四维支护装置的支护方法，该方法操作简便可靠，便于施工。 Technical problem: The purpose of this invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a roadway ultra-static anti-scour four-dimensional support device, which is suitable for large-section engineering surrounding rocks in high-stress areas, strong disturbances, and impact tendencies deformation control and protection. Another object of the present invention is to provide a support method for the roadway hyperstatically determinate anti-scouring four-dimensional support device, which is simple and reliable in operation and convenient for construction.
技术方案：本发明的巷道超静定防冲四维支护装置，包括按照一定规律阵列分布的设置在巷顶、巷帮或底板的锚固锚索和设置在巷顶、巷帮或底板的锚杆，锚固锚索在锚索孔处设置有护孔碗锁，所述的锚固锚索裸露在巷道内的锚索拆散为若干组钢绞线，所述的钢绞线向不同方向通过锁具与相邻的锚杆连接或者锚固锚索的钢绞线连接，所述的钢绞线与煤岩体表面之间设置有变形块。 Technical solution: The roadway ultra-static anti-erosion four-dimensional support device of the present invention includes anchor cables arranged on the roadway roof, roadside or floor and anchor rods arranged on the roadway roof, roadside or floor according to a certain regular array The anchor cable is provided with a protective hole bowl lock at the anchor cable hole, and the anchor cable exposed in the roadway is dismantled into several groups of steel strands, and the steel strands pass through the lock and the corresponding strands in different directions. The adjacent bolts are connected or the steel strands for anchoring the anchor cables are connected, and deformation blocks are arranged between the steel strands and the surface of the coal rock mass.
所述的锚固锚索的中心直钢绞线设置有用于无损检测仪的传感器。 The central straight steel strand of the anchoring anchor cable is provided with a sensor for a non-destructive testing instrument.
所述的锁具包括锁盘、锥形锁卡、锥形弹簧和挡片，锁盘上对称开有锥形孔，锥形孔内放入锥形锁卡，锥形锁卡尾部顶有锥形弹簧，锥形弹簧尾部设置有挡片，锥形孔外侧设置有用于调节锥形锁卡锥度角的销钉。通过调节销钉深入锥形孔的尺寸改变锥形锁卡与钢绞线之间的摩擦阻力，锥形锁卡的锥度角设定后能保证锥形锁卡与钢绞线之间的摩擦阻力恒定，能够动态控制锚固锚索的钢绞线内部张紧力。 The lock includes a lock disc, a conical lock card, a conical spring and a retaining plate. The lock disc is symmetrically opened with a tapered hole, and the tapered lock card is placed in the tapered hole. The tail of the tapered lock card has a tapered Spring, the end of the conical spring is provided with a blocking piece, and the outside of the conical hole is provided with a pin for adjusting the taper angle of the conical lock. The frictional resistance between the tapered lock card and the steel strand can be changed by adjusting the size of the pin going deep into the tapered hole. After the taper angle of the tapered lock card is set, the frictional resistance between the tapered lock card and the steel strand can be kept constant. , which can dynamically control the internal tension of the steel strand anchoring the anchor cable.
所述的变形块可以根据受力情况不同改变颜色。 The deformed block can change color according to different stress conditions.
一种巷道超静定防冲四维支护装置的支护方法巷道掘进后，在临时支护的保护下，首先打设、安装巷顶中间位置的中锚杆，其次打设、安装巷顶与巷帮顶角处的顶角锚杆、巷帮的帮部锚杆、底角的顶角锚杆和底板的底板锚杆，最后沿垂直巷道表面方向打锚索孔，装入锚固剂，搅拌锚固锚索，根据设计锚索能承受的最大工作载荷选定相应锥度角的护孔碗锁，把护孔碗锁套入锚固锚索，并推入锚索孔内，所述的锚固锚索在锚索孔口处将锚索拆散，将拆散后的外侧钢绞线分为若干组，根据设计钢绞线能承受的最大工作载荷选定相应锥度角的锁具，朝不同方向通过边锁具与顶角锚杆或底角锚杆连接，通过中锁具与其它锚固锚索的钢绞线连接，在钢绞线与煤岩体之间安设变形块，用张拉装置同时对各方向的钢绞线进行预紧，达到设定预紧力后将中心直钢绞线距孔口一定距离处剪断，在中心直钢绞线上安装能够监测锚固锚索状态的用于无损检测仪的传感器；重复上述步骤完成帮部支护，巷道的锚杆通过锚固锚索的钢绞线连接牵拉为一个整体。所述的锁具用于连接钢绞线与顶角锚杆的称为边锁具，用于连接钢绞线与钢绞线的称为中锁具。 A support method for a roadway ultra-static anti-scouring four-dimensional support device. After the roadway is excavated, under the protection of temporary support, the middle anchor rod at the middle position of the roadway roof is firstly drilled and installed, and then the roadway roof and the roadway roof are drilled and installed. The top corner bolt at the top corner of the roadway, the side bolt of the roadside, the top corner bolt at the bottom corner and the bottom plate bolt of the bottom plate, finally drill the anchor hole along the direction perpendicular to the roadway surface, fill in the anchoring agent, and stir To anchor the anchor cable, select the protective hole bowl lock with the corresponding taper angle according to the maximum working load that the designed anchor cable can bear, insert the protective hole bowl lock into the anchor cable, and push it into the anchor cable hole, the anchor cable Disassemble the anchor cable at the anchor cable hole, divide the dismantled outer steel strands into several groups, select the locks with corresponding taper angles according to the maximum working load that the designed steel strands can bear, and pass the side locks in different directions. The top angle anchor rod or the bottom angle anchor rod is connected, and the steel strand of other anchor cables is connected through the middle lock. The strands are pre-tightened, and after the set pre-tightening force is reached, the central straight steel strand is cut at a certain distance from the orifice, and a sensor for a non-destructive testing instrument that can monitor the state of the anchorage cable is installed on the central straight steel strand; Repeat the above steps to complete the side support, and the anchor rods of the roadway are connected and pulled as a whole through the steel strands of the anchor cables. Described lockset is called the side lockset that is used for connecting steel strand and top angle anchor rod, is used for connecting steel strand and steel strand and is called middle lockset.
滞后掘进头15m左右根据现场情况按单排或三花或五花布置方式打一定孔径和深度的卸压孔。 Lag the excavation head about 15m and drill pressure relief holes with a certain diameter and depth according to the site conditions in a single-row, three-flower or five-flower arrangement.
有益效果：本发明与现有技术相比，其有益效果是： Beneficial effect: the present invention compares with prior art, and its beneficial effect is:
（1）使巷道或硐室围岩在新的平衡结构中处于三向等压状态，充分发挥围岩自身的承载能力，有利于保持顶板的完整性，护孔碗锁和中锁具之间所连钢绞线可以在巷道围岩发生大变形时自动拉伸，并保持恒定的工作摩擦阻力，通过恒阻大变形吸收围岩能量，能够在围岩大变形条件下仍然具有较好的支护作用； (1) Make the surrounding rock of the roadway or chamber in a three-dimensional equal pressure state in the new balanced structure, give full play to the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock itself, and help maintain the integrity of the roof. The steel strand can be stretched automatically when the surrounding rock of the roadway undergoes large deformation, and maintains a constant working frictional resistance. It absorbs the energy of the surrounding rock through the large deformation of the constant resistance, and can still have good support under the condition of large deformation of the surrounding rock. effect;
（2）使用护孔碗锁和中、边锁具，提高了支护的安全性； (2) The use of hole-guard bowl locks and middle and side locks improves the safety of support;
（3）达到设定预紧力后将锚索中间直钢绞线距孔口一定距离处剪断安装传感器，可以实现对锚固锚索长度和受力进行无损检测； (3) After reaching the set pre-tightening force, cut the straight steel strand in the middle of the anchor cable at a certain distance from the hole and install the sensor, which can realize non-destructive detection of the length and force of the anchor cable;
（4）护孔碗锁、锁具都有过载保护和欠载进补功能，可根据围岩变形情况定期进行调节，能够实现等强协调支护； (4) Bowl locks and locks for hole protection have functions of overload protection and underload supplementation, which can be adjusted regularly according to the deformation of the surrounding rock, and can achieve equal-strength coordinated support;
（5）通过打卸压孔，实现应力向深部转移和保持巷道表面整体平直，降低冲击危险性。 (5) By drilling pressure relief holes, the stress can be transferred to the deep part and the overall surface of the roadway can be kept straight to reduce the risk of impact.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明巷道超静定防冲四维支护装置的立体示意图； Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram of the roadway ultra-static definite anti-scour four-dimensional support device of the present invention;
图2是本发明巷道超静定防冲四维支护装置的现场方案示意图； Fig. 2 is the on-the-spot schematic diagram of the roadway ultra-static definite anti-scour four-dimensional support device of the present invention;
图3为图2的俯视图； Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 2;
图4为锁具的结构示意图； Fig. 4 is the structural representation of lockset;
图5为图4的剖视图。 FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 4 .
图中：1-中锚杆；2-顶角锚杆；3-边锁具；4-帮部锚杆；5-锚固锚索；6-护孔碗锁；7-中锁具；8-变形块；9-卸压孔；10-传感器；11-锁盘；12-锥形锁卡；13-锥形弹簧；14-挡片；15-锥形孔；16-钢绞线；17-销钉；18-底板锚杆。 In the figure: 1-middle anchor; 2-vertex anchor; 3-side lock; 4-side anchor; 5-anchor anchor cable; ;9-pressure relief hole; 10-sensor; 11-lock plate; 12-conical lock card; 13-conical spring; 14-block; 15-conical hole; 18 - Bottom plate anchor.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图，通过一个最佳实施例，对本发明技术方案进行详细说明，但是本发明的保护范围不局限于所述实施例。 The following describes the technical solution of the present invention in detail through a best embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
如图1、图2和图3所示，一种巷道超静定防冲四维支护装置，包括设置在巷顶的中锚杆1和顶角锚杆2，巷帮的帮部锚杆4，设置在底板的底板锚杆18和底角的顶角锚杆，还包括按照矩形阵列分布的设置在巷顶、巷帮和底板的锚固锚索5，所述的锚固锚索5裸露在巷道内的锚索拆散为若干组钢绞线16，所述的钢绞线16向不同方向通过锁具与相邻的锚杆连接或者锚固锚索的钢绞线连接，所述的钢绞线与煤岩体表面之间设置有变形块8，所述的锚固锚索的中心直钢绞线设置有用于无损检测仪的传感器10，所述的锚固锚索在锚索孔处设置有护孔碗锁6，所述的不同锚固锚索的钢绞线之间、钢绞线与锚杆之间通过中锁具7连接，所述的钢绞线与顶角锚杆之间通过边锁具3连接。如图4和图5所示，中锁具、边锁具包括锁盘11、锥形锁卡12、锥形弹簧13和挡片14，锁盘11上对称开有锥形孔15，锥形孔15内放入锥形锁卡12，锥形锁卡12尾部顶有锥形弹簧13，锥形弹簧尾部设置有挡片14，锥形孔15外侧设置有用于调节锥形锁卡锥度角的销钉17。通过调节销钉深入锥形孔的尺寸改变锥形锁卡与钢绞线之间的摩擦阻力，锥形锁卡的锥度角设定后能保证锥形锁卡与钢绞线之间的摩擦阻力恒定，能够动态控制锚固锚索的钢绞线内部张紧力，故中锁具、边锁具称为恒阻锁具，用于动态控制钢绞线内部张紧力，具有过载保护和欠载进补功能，护孔碗锁和锁具之间所连钢绞线可以在巷道围岩发生大变形时自适性滑移，并保持恒定的工作阻力，所述的变形块8可以根据受力情况不同改变颜色，给使用者提供警示。 As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a roadway ultra-static anti-scouring four-dimensional support device includes a middle anchor 1 and a top corner anchor 2 arranged on the roadway roof, and a side anchor 4 on the side of the roadway. , the floor bolt 18 arranged on the bottom plate and the top corner bolt at the bottom corner also include the anchor cables 5 arranged on the roadway roof, the side of the road and the floor according to the rectangular array distribution, and the anchor cables 5 are exposed in the roadway The anchor cable inside is disassembled into several groups of steel strands 16, and the steel strands 16 are connected to adjacent anchor rods or steel strands anchoring anchor cables in different directions through locks, and the steel strands are connected to coal A deformation block 8 is arranged between the rock mass surfaces, and the central straight steel strand of the anchor cable is provided with a sensor 10 for a non-destructive testing instrument, and the anchor cable is provided with a hole-protecting bowl lock at the anchor cable hole. 6. The steel strands of the different anchor cables, the steel strands and the anchor rods are connected through the middle lock 7, and the steel strands and the corner anchor rods are connected through the side lock 3. As shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the middle lock and the side lock include a lock plate 11, a conical lock card 12, a conical spring 13 and a retainer 14, and the lock plate 11 is symmetrically provided with a tapered hole 15, and the tapered hole 15 Put the tapered locking card 12 inside, the tapered locking card 12 tail is topped with a conical spring 13, the tapered spring tail is provided with a stopper 14, and the outside of the tapered hole 15 is provided with a pin 17 for adjusting the taper angle of the tapered locking card . The frictional resistance between the tapered lock card and the steel strand can be changed by adjusting the size of the pin going deep into the tapered hole. After the taper angle of the tapered lock card is set, the frictional resistance between the tapered lock card and the steel strand can be kept constant. , can dynamically control the internal tension of the steel strand anchoring the anchor cable, so the middle lock and side lock are called constant resistance locks, which are used to dynamically control the internal tension of the steel strand, and have the functions of overload protection and underload supplementation. The steel strand connected between the hole bowl lock and the lock can self-adaptively slide when the surrounding rock of the roadway undergoes large deformation, and maintain a constant working resistance. The deformation block 8 can change color according to the stress situation, giving The user provides a warning.
一种巷道超静定防冲四维支护装置的支护方法，巷道掘进后，在临时支护的保护下，首先打设、安装巷顶中间位置的中锚杆1，其次打设、安装巷顶与巷帮顶角处的顶角锚杆2和巷帮的帮部锚杆4，底角的顶角锚杆和底板的底板锚杆18，最后沿垂直巷道表面方向打锚索孔，锚索孔矩形阵列分布，在锚索孔内装入锚固剂，搅拌锚固锚索5，根据设计锚索能承受的最大工作载荷选定相应锥度角的护孔碗锁，把护孔碗锁6套入锚固锚索5，并推入锚索孔内，所述的锚固锚索在锚索孔口处将锚索拆散，将拆散后的外侧钢绞线分为若干组，根据设计钢绞线能承受的最大工作载荷选定相应锥度角的锁具，朝不同方向通过边锁具3与顶角锚杆2连接，通过中锁具7与其它锚固锚索的钢绞线连接，在钢绞线与煤岩体之间安设变形块8，用张拉装置同时对各方向的钢绞线进行预紧，达到设定预紧力后将中心直钢绞线距孔口一定距离处剪断，在中心直钢绞线上安装能够监测锚索锚固状态的用于无损检测仪的传感器10；重复上述步骤完成帮部支护，巷道的锚杆通过锚固锚索的钢绞线连接牵拉为一个整体实现四维支护，滞后掘进头15m左右根据现场情况按单排或三花或五花布置方式打一定孔径和深度的卸压孔9，护孔碗锁6和中锁具7之间所连钢绞线可以在巷道围岩发生大变形时自动拉伸，并保持恒定的工作摩擦阻力，通过恒阻大变形吸收围岩能量，能够在围岩大变形条件下仍然具有较好的支护作用。 A support method for an ultra-statically definite anti-scouring four-dimensional support device for a roadway. After the roadway is excavated, under the protection of temporary support, the middle anchor 1 at the middle position of the roadway roof is firstly drilled and installed, and then the roadway is drilled and installed. The top corner bolt 2 at the top corner of the roof and the side of the road and the side bolt 4 of the side of the road, the top corner bolt of the bottom corner and the bottom plate bolt 18 of the bottom plate, finally drill the anchor cable hole along the direction perpendicular to the roadway surface, and the anchor The cable holes are distributed in a rectangular array, put anchoring agent in the anchor cable hole, stir the anchor cable 5, select the hole protection bowl lock with corresponding taper angle according to the maximum working load that the designed anchor cable can bear, and insert the hole protection bowl lock 6 into the Anchor the anchor cable 5 and push it into the anchor cable hole. The anchor cable will dismantle the anchor cable at the anchor cable hole, and divide the dismantled outer steel strands into several groups. According to the design, the steel strands can withstand According to the maximum working load, select the lock with the corresponding taper angle, connect the side lock 3 with the top angle anchor rod 2 in different directions, and connect with the steel strands of other anchor cables through the middle lock 7, and connect the steel strand with the coal rock mass Deformation blocks 8 are installed between them, and the steel strands in all directions are pre-tightened at the same time with a tensioning device. After reaching the set pre-tightening force, the central straight steel strand is cut at a certain distance from the orifice, The sensor 10 for the non-destructive testing instrument that can monitor the anchoring state of the anchor cable is installed online; the above steps are repeated to complete the side support, and the anchor rod of the roadway is connected and pulled as a whole by the steel strand of the anchor cable to realize four-dimensional support According to the site conditions, the pressure relief holes 9 with a certain aperture and depth are drilled in a single row, three-flower or five-flower arrangement, and the steel strands connected between the hole-protecting bowl lock 6 and the middle lock 7 can be used in the roadway. When the surrounding rock undergoes large deformation, it automatically stretches and maintains a constant working frictional resistance. The energy of the surrounding rock is absorbed through the large deformation of the constant resistance, and it can still have a good supporting effect under the condition of large deformation of the surrounding rock.
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| CN103352707B (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2015-12-02 | 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司常村煤矿 | A kind of multidimensional multistage support method |
| CN103742177B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2016-03-02 | 北京科技大学 | Design method for strong mine pressure roadway support |
| CN104594928B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2017-05-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Four-dimensional support large deformation anchor rod |
| CN105275486B (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2017-12-22 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of anchor shaft anchor cable combined support structure and its construction method |
| CN107420117B (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2023-07-18 | 济宁学院 | Support connection device for coal mine roadway |
| CN109268047A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-01-25 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | Laminated structure and method are unloaded in a kind of supporting in bump tunnel |
| CN109487786A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-19 | 中国建筑第七工程局有限公司 | A kind of novel large deformation anchor cable component |
| CN112267905B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-09-03 | 中南大学 | Rock mass embedded truss support structure for roof surrounding rock reinforcement and mounting method thereof |
| CN113339029B (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2022-09-16 | 山东科技大学 | An integrated roof support structure and method for cross-connecting an anchor cable and a channel steel beam through a circular connecting plate |
| CN113897956A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-01-07 | 安徽恒聚精密机械有限公司 | Assembled damping yielding anchor and construction method |
| CN114542149A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-05-27 | 中国矿业大学 | Underground roadway rock burst prevention supporting anchor cable |
| CN114934800B (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-10-04 | 华北科技学院(中国煤矿安全技术培训中心) | Spring lock type constant-resistance energy-absorbing anchor cable and use method thereof |
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| US4934873A (en) * | 1988-08-08 | 1990-06-19 | Jennmar Corporation | Mine roof support utilizing roof anchors having eye-bolt heads |
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