E0 level wood-based plate is with little free formaldehyde urea-formaldehyde resin compound method
Technical field
The present invention relates to E0 level wood-based plate with little free formaldehyde urea-formaldehyde resin compound method, relate to the urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive technical field.Can be used for forming the mechanicals that ultralow free formaldehyde discharges.Advantages such as the urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive that this method is produced has bonding strength height, quick solidifying, processing property is good, with low cost, raw material sources are abundant; In wood working, covering with paint industry, paper bonding, toughened paint, especially wood veneer, shaving board, the production of fibre board use tackiness agent, be widely used.
Background technology
Urea-formaldehyde resin has higher bonding strength, good cold-resistant water-based ability, medium hot water resistance ability, solidifies rapidly, and the glue-line after the curing is of light color, can not pollute by the plate face of agglutinent, and is good with the compatibility of water, is prone to modulate suitable viscosity and concentration; In addition, urea-formaldehyde resin also has advantages such as initial viscosity is big, processing property is good, production technique is simple, makes it be widely used aspect the preparation wood-based plate.
Present main method of producing low formaldehyde emissions wood-based plate both at home and abroad is: start with from the synthesizing formula and the technology of urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive, through regulating proportioning raw materials, methods such as change reaction conditions reduce the free formaldehyde content in the urea-formaldehyde resin as far as possible; Prepare at sheet material and to add methanal trapping agent in the process, to catch the formaldehyde that constantly discharges in the wood-based plate use; Wood-based plate to preparing carries out aftertreatment etc.But these methods all do not solve the long-term release problem that causes formaldehyde in the wood-based plate use because of the resin structure factor.Particularly the adding of a large amount of properties-correcting agent has improved the cost of product greatly, is difficult to carry out marketing.
Because the constitutional features of urea-formaldehyde resin itself contains methylol, possess hydrophilic property, facile hydrolysis under acidic conditions in the molecule; Methylol in the urea-formaldehyde resin molecule and-NH
2Be prone to crosslinkedly, so urea-formaldehyde resin has and solidifies internal stress that the back produces and make glue-line become fragile, be prone to problems such as be full of cracks, water tolerance and loss of properties on aging and easy gel, poor stability.Particularly low mol ratio urea-formaldehyde glue is owing to exist free-NH
2Many, crosslinkable groups-CH
2The OH number is few, causes bonding strength low, and water resistance, plywood production technology operability difference etc. are the multimass problem more.
The major cause of urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive product release formaldehyde in manufacturing and use has the following aspects: 1. the addition condensation reaction of urea and formaldehyde is a reversible; Equilibrium principle according to reversible reaction; Though can improve the formaldehyde transformation efficiency through changing reaction conditions, always some formaldehyde is because of can not complete reaction remaining in the resin; 2. when the synthetic urea-formaldehyde resin of urea and formaldehyde, might form unstable groups such as ehter bond, semi-acetal, they decompose in wood-based plate hot pressing or use and discharge formaldehyde; 3. in resin curing process, be prone between the methylol reactive group form unsettled ehter bond, in the wood-based plate use, be prone to decomposition and discharge formaldehyde (owing to the existence of the protonated formaldehyde molecule of part; Around colloidal particle, form the two particle layers of absorption; The stability of resin is strengthened, in case after adding solidifying agent, resin is under electrolytical effect; The granule for absorbing layer is destroyed, thereby discharges formaldehyde); 4. wood-based plate and goods thereof in use because the effect of moisture content and light makes resin aging, constantly decompose generation formaldehyde.
At present, a lot of in this environmental protection of preparation, practical Study on urea-formaldehyde, mainly contain following certain methods: the amount of substance that 1. reduces urea (U) PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95) (F) is than (be called for short F/U than) (USP-4968772, USP-4968773, CN-1294618); 2. develop various formaldehyde-trapping agents and modifier (Chinese patent CN-103438, CN-1262301, CN-1092632); 3. vacuum hydro-extraction extracting free formaldehyde, this method have aldehyde-containing sewage to discharge, and cost of equipment is high; 4. UF resinoid bond goods are carried out aftertreatment with ammonia or urea soln; PH value, temperature of reaction and the reaction times of 5. strict control urea-formaldehyde glue production process; 7. optimize plywood hot-pressing technology, and the water cut that suitably improves slab.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of E0 level wood-based plate with little free formaldehyde urea-formaldehyde resin compound method, have both high-level efficiency, low cost, the release of ultralow free formaldehyde and the stable characteristics of product performance.The urea-formaldehyde resin of producing contains the free formaldehyde less than 0.05%, has the premium properties of low toxicity, minimum discharge, has eliminated the environmental pollution of wood-based plate in use.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of environmental protection urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive product; Be applicable to the use in wood-based plate industry and furniture decoration field; Use the artifical plate product of this resins to have burst size of methanal≤0.1mg/L, satisfy GB/T14732-2006, the user is used does not have harm; This resin has satisfied its requirement at aspects such as water ratio, bonding strengths simultaneously, reaches E0 level level.
A kind of E0 level wood-based plate carries out according to following step with little free formaldehyde urea-formaldehyde resin compound method: formalin is once added in the reaction kettle, and the sodium hydroxide solution with 20% is transferred pH to 6.5 ~ 7.0; Be heated to 50 ~ 53 ℃; Add first urea, be warming up to 85 ~ 88 ℃, insulation 15min; Transfer pH to 3.0 ~ 3.5, polymerization under 65 ~ 75 ℃ temperature condition; Transfer pH to 6.5 ~ 7.0, add second batch of urea, be acidified to pH4.0 ~ 4.4, stir 15min under the equality of temperature with formic acid; , add the 3rd batch of urea, about 65 ~ 75 ℃, stir 5min; Transfer pH to 4.0 ~ 4.4 with formic acid then, stir 15min in 65 ~ 75 ℃; Transfer pH to 6.5 ~ 7.0 with ammoniacal liquor,, reduce to the room temperature discharging in the vacuum distilling dehydration.
Wherein urea and formaldehyde mole ratio 1~1.4:1, it is 3:2:1 that three batches of urea add mass ratioes.
It is characterized in that the formalin mass concentration is 37%.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1. adopt weak base-weak acid-weak base quasi-stable state synthesis technique, synthetic urea-formaldehyde resin in three grades of series connection substep controlling reactor makes its free formaldehyde content≤0.05%.
2. through formaldehyde and urea " adding, multi-spot segmentation in batches ", effectively regulate each stage feeding quantity of condensation reaction, pH value and temperature controlling system; Promote the formation of " build " organic molecule from microcosmic; Improve the polycondensation degree, reduce the content of methylol, methylene ether, hemiformal, minimizing maybe be because of the formaldehyde of changes in environmental conditions generation.
The urea-formaldehyde resin product quality indicator of 3, producing satisfies the requirement of standard GB/T 14732-2006, and reaches the imported product level; Product free formaldehyde content≤0.05% (wt.), burst size of methanal≤0.1mg/L, the burst size of methanal value of limiting the quantity of after the product application reaches the technical requirements of E0 level wood-based plate.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Formalin 100g is once added in the reaction kettle, and the sodium hydroxide solution with 20% is transferred pH to 6.5 ~ 7.0, is heated to 50 ~ 53 ℃, adds first urea 60g, is warming up to 85 ~ 88 ℃, insulation 15min; Transfer pH to 3.0 ~ 3.5, polymerization under 65 ~ 75 ℃ temperature condition; Transfer pH to 6.5 ~ 7.0, add second crowd of urea 40g, be acidified to pH4.0 ~ 4.4, stir 15min under the equality of temperature with formic acid; , add the 3rd crowd of urea 20g, about 65 ~ 75 ℃, stir 5min; Transfer pH to 4.0 ~ 4.4 with formic acid then, stir 15min in 65 ~ 75 ℃; Transfer pH to 6.5 ~ 7.0 with ammoniacal liquor,, reduce to the room temperature discharging, obtain the product free formaldehyde content less than 0.05% environment protection type urea formaldehyde resin adhesive in the vacuum distilling dehydration.
The urea-formaldehyde resin of being produced has following typical characteristics:
Solid content 62%
Viscosity 280 mPas
PH value 7.8
Proportion 1.25g/ml
Free formaldehyde 0.05%
80 days shelf liveves
Embodiment 2
Urea-formaldehyde resin among the embodiment 1 is coated in the cemented surface of wood-based plate; Amount of spread is 280~300g/m2 (single face), and two parallel rift grains of examination material adopt 0.78~1.18MPa (pressure of 8~12kgf/cm2) to lumping together; Behind the following precompressed 0.5~1.0h of room temperature (being not less than 20 ℃); In temperature is hot pressing 5min under 100~110 ℃ of conditions, and moulding makes wood-based plate.Its salient features is following.
Water ratio 8%
Free formaldehyde release 0.1mg/L
Bonding strength 0.8MPa
Use production urea-formaldehyde resin product quality indicator provided by the invention to satisfy the requirement of standard GB/T 14732-2006, and reach the imported product level; Product free formaldehyde content≤0.05% (wt.), the burst size of methanal value of limiting the quantity of after the product application reaches the technical requirements of E0 level wood-based plate.